US3795273A - Feedwater heater - Google Patents

Feedwater heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3795273A
US3795273A US00261774A US3795273DA US3795273A US 3795273 A US3795273 A US 3795273A US 00261774 A US00261774 A US 00261774A US 3795273D A US3795273D A US 3795273DA US 3795273 A US3795273 A US 3795273A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steam
shell
heater
condensate
tubes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00261774A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Brigida
M Wexler
P Woodford
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Foster Wheeler Inc
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Foster Wheeler Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US3795273A publication Critical patent/US3795273A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/192—Indirect-contact condenser including means to heat collected condensate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/917—Pressurization and/or degassification

Definitions

  • Another portion of the steam is directed to an area of the shell where it warms the condensate to a degree that maintains the condensate at or near its saturation temperature.
  • An additional inlet is provided in the shell for receiving condensate from another unit of the system along with means for breaking up the flow of the latter condensate to promote deaeration as a portion of the condensate flashes into vapor.
  • the vapor produced as a result of the flashing is directed in the same flow path as the above-mentioned steam, and vent means are provided for permitting the removal of the noncondensibles and associated water vapor from the shell.
  • This invention relates to a feedwater heater, and more particularly to such a heater for effecting a heat exchange between steam and feedwater, while removing non-condensibles from the steam and condensate.
  • Heaters are often employed in power plants to provide a heat exchange function between the steam used in another unit of the power plant and feedwater before it passes into a boiler or the like.
  • feedwater heaters are provided to heat the feedwater prior to entering the boiler.
  • Feedwater heaters which heretofore have been used, afford removal of non-condensibles that are present in the shell.
  • the instant invention allows for the removal of additional non-condensibles that would normally remain dissolved in the condensate that is passed out of the feedwater heater.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION shell a plurality of tubes for circulating water throughsaid shell, means for directing steam through said shell and over said tubes to heat said water, a portion of said steam separating into condensate and noncondensibles, and means for heating said condensate to a degree that maintains it at or near its saturation temperature.
  • An additional inlet is also provided forreceiving a condensate from another unit of said system, along with means for breaking up the flow of said condensate to promote removal of non-condensibles as a portion of the condensate flashes into vapor. Vent means are provided to remove the non-condensibles and associated water vapor.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the feedwapresent invention with the components therein being shown in perspective for the convenience of presentation;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged sectional views taken on I the lines 2-2 and 33, respectively, of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 55 of FIG. 4.
  • the reference numeral refers in general to the feedwater heater of the present invention which comprises an outer elongated shell 12 having one closed end and the other end registering with a header 14.
  • the header 14 is of a con ventional design and includes an inlet 16 and an outlet 18 for feedwater.
  • a plurality of U-shaped tubes 20 are supported within the shell 12 and are represented schevide for uniform distribution matically by lines since the scale does not permit proper elevational or sectional views.
  • the lower leg of each tube registers with the inlet 16 via a chamber (not shown) formed in the header 14, and the upper leg of each tube 20 registers with the outlet 18 via an additional chamber formed in the header 14.
  • the tubes 20 are supported in the shell 12 by means of a plurality of vertical partitions 22 which are shown in a perspective view in FIG. I for the convenience of presentation, it being understood that they normally extend at right angles to the plane of the drawing.
  • An end plate 23 is positioned beyond the tubes 20 to form a flash chamber 24 at the end of the shell 12.
  • a steam inlet 25 is provided in the upper wall of the shell 12 with a deflector plate 26 being disposed on one of the central partitions 22 to deflect the steam entering the shell in a generally horizontal direction.
  • a pair of vent pipes 28 and 30 are disposed in the shell 12 and each is connected to the end partition 22.
  • the vent pipes 28 and 30 have a plurality of perforations formed therethrough, with the perforations being shown in general by the reference numeral 30a in connection with the vent pipe 30 in FIG. 1, it being understood that the vent pipe 28 is similarly perforated.
  • the connections between the ventpipes 28 and 30 are such that the vent pipes can be connected to another unit of the same system in which the heater 10 is connected. Preferably, this latter unit is at a'relatively low pressure so that the vent pipes 28 and 30 establish the lowest pressure point within the shell 12, for
  • outlet 32 is provided in the bottom portion of the shell 12 for discharging condensate from the shell 12.
  • the tubes 20 are formed into two tube bundles 20a and 20b which are separated by a vertical channel 34, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Each bundle in turn, is separated into an upper and lower portion by a horizontal channel 36 due to the fact that the tubes 20 are U-shaped, with the width of the channel 36 corresponding to the spacing between the two legs of the innermost tubes.
  • An additional horizontal space 38 is provided in the lower portion of each tube bundle 20a and 20b to mo of steam into each of the tube bundles 20a and20b, as will hereafter be explained in detail.
  • a pair of baffles 40 and 42 shown in section in FIG. 2 and partially cut away in FIG. 1, are provided in the lower section of the shell 12.
  • Each of the baffles 40 and 42 is formed by two legs which meet at an angle, with the apex of the angles extending over the vent pipes 28 and 30, respectively.
  • One leg of each baffle 40 and 42 extends through the tube bundles 20a and 20b, respectively, and the other leg extends around the outer periphery of the tube bundles 20a and 20b, respectively, as viewed in FIG. 2.
  • the purpose of the baffles is to direct steam from the inlet 25 in a particular direction relative to the tubes 20 as will be ex- 7 plained in-detail later.
  • a pair of drain trays 43 are lodensate will largely consist of water having noncondensibles dissolved therein.
  • the inlet pipes 44 and 46 are perforated to permit the condensate discharging therefrom to spread out in a radial direction.
  • a stainless steel liner 48 is disposed in the shell 12 and is integrally formed with a lip portion 50 adapted to prevent direct impingement of the flow from inlets 44 and 46 onto the tube bundles 20. Thus, impingement on tubes is prevented by the barrier in flash chamber 24 created by the lip portion SOand end plate 23. It should be noted that the space between the lip portion 50 and the end-plate 23 is sized for the flow of flashed steam out of flash chamber 24. It should also be noted that in some designs, the liner 48 covers the entire back end of the shell 12.
  • the liner 48 also has a perforated, horizontally extending, lip plate 52 which also breaks up the discharge from the pipes 44 and 46, before the discharging condensate impinges on a plurality of flat bars 54 which are attached to the back of the shell 12 and extend immediately below the lip plate 52 for further breaking up the discharging condensate.
  • the pressure in the shell 12 is lower than that of the pressure of the source of the condensate entering through the drain lines 44 and 46, so that due to the pressure differential the latter condensate will flash, with the end plate 23, liner 48, lip portion 50, lip plate 52, and flat bars 54 breaking up the flow to allow for a greater amount of dissolved non-condensibles to be removed as the flashing occurs.
  • a pair of shields 56 and 58 having an open bottom end portion are supported by the left end partition 22 and direct the vapor resulting from the above-mentioned flashing, along with the non-condensible vapors. into the vent pipes 28 and 30.
  • feedwater is admitted into the inlet 16 of the header 14 whereby it is heated as it circulates through each of the U-shaped tubes 20.
  • the heated feedwater exits from the outlet 18 and is fed to another stage of the system, such as a boiler.
  • the steam takes the flow pattern within each individual section as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, i.e., through the upper portions of the tube. bundles 20a and 20b and downwardly through the lower portions thereof. In this manner, a portion of the steam will pass over the tubes 20 whereby a portion thereof will condense as a result of giving up heat to the feedwater passing over the tubes, with the non-condensibles being carried over to the baffled portion of the tube bundles 20a and 20b.
  • the steam not condensing at the upper 7 leg portions of the tubes 20 will be directed by the baffles 40 and 42 over the, lower leg portions of the tubes in the manner shown by the arrows in FlG.'2,,whereby a portion of it will condense in a similar manner.
  • the steam not condensed at either the upper or lower leg portions of the tubes, along with the non-condensibles present in the vicinity of the tubes is directed by the baffles 40 and 42 into the low pressure vent pipes 28 and 30 and thus discharged from the unit, with the spaces 38 formed in the tube bundles insuring a more uniform distribution of the steam to the tube bundles 20a and 20!).
  • Still another portion of the steam from the inlet 24 will pass directly through the vertical channel 34 without encountering any of the tubes 20 and will flow to the lower portion of the shell 12.
  • This steam will maintain the condensate formed on the outer surface of the tubes 20 as a result of the above condensation of steam, at a relatively elevated temperature in order to maintain it at or near its saturation temperature, and thus prevent the condensate from being sub-cooled. This prevents this condensate from absorbing any of the non-condensibles originally present in the steam or otherwise present in the shell, and thus permits the latter vapors to be drawn into the vent pipes 28 and 30.
  • Drains in the form of condensate containing noncondensibles, pass into the flash chamber 24 of the shell 12 through the drain lines 44 and 46, and are broken up by the end plate 23, liner 48, lip portion 50, lip plate 52, and flat bars 54, thereby allowing for a greater amount of non-condensibles to' be removed as flashing occurs.
  • the resultant vapor, including the noncondensibles passes either directly into the ends of the vent pipes 28 and 30 for discharge, or into the other section of the heater over the top or bottom end portions of the partitions 22, whereby it joins the steam entering through the inlet 24 to take the flow pattern, and thus be treated, as discussed above.
  • a perforated steam pipe 60 may be disposed in the bottom portion of the shell 12 shown in FIG. 1 to provide a direct source of steam to this area and to function to heat the condensate draining off tubes 20 in the same manner as the steam passing through the vertical channel 34.
  • the steam pipe 60 is shown in FIG. 2 as being located above the water line, it should be understood that the steam pipe 60 can also be located below the water line.
  • several inlets 25 may be provided along the longitudinal length of the shell instead of the single inlet shown.
  • the shell may be adapted for vertical operation in which case the structure would be altered slightly for routing the vapor and condensate in the above fashion.
  • a feedwater heater capable of receiving steam and drain flows containing non-condensibles from at least one external source, comprising a shell having an inlet for receiving steam, an inlet for receiving drain flows, and an outlet for discharging condensate; a plurality of tubes for circulating water through said shell; means for directing said steam through said shell in a direct heat exchange relation to said water to condense a portion of said steam and heat said water; means for heating the condensed steam to a degree that maintains it at or near its saturation temperature; an end plate disposed in said shell and separating said tubes from the end of said shell to define a flash chamber; a baffle plate and a plurality of bars mounted in said flash chamber in the path of said drain-flows to break up said drain flows to promote the removal of said non-condensibles as flashing occurs; and vent means for conveying said noncondensibles out of said shell.
  • baffle plate is in the form of a perforated lip integral with a liner disposed in said flash chamber.
  • baffle plate extends between said drain flows inlet and said bars.
  • the heater of claim 1 further comprising baffle means for directing non-condensibles from said steam and said drain flows and that portion of said steam that doesnt condense into said vent means.
  • heating means comprises means for providing an external source of steam to said shell to maintain the condensate at satubetween said tubes to the bottom of said shell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US00261774A 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Feedwater heater Expired - Lifetime US3795273A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26177472A 1972-06-12 1972-06-12

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US3795273A true US3795273A (en) 1974-03-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00261774A Expired - Lifetime US3795273A (en) 1972-06-12 1972-06-12 Feedwater heater

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3795273A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5219244B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU474013B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA970233A (fr)
ES (1) ES416202A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2188127B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1407668A (fr)
IT (1) IT985364B (fr)
NL (1) NL7308144A (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938588A (en) * 1973-10-18 1976-02-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Deaerating feedwater heater
US4205632A (en) * 1977-05-09 1980-06-03 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Feedwater preheater with device for separating moisture from moisture-bearing steam
US4219077A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-08-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger used in a power plant
US4224981A (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-09-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Feed-water heater for steam power plants
US4226283A (en) * 1976-08-27 1980-10-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger
US4249485A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-02-10 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Feed water preheater
US4254825A (en) * 1978-10-05 1981-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger
US4461346A (en) * 1980-09-29 1984-07-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Feedwater heater
US4541366A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-09-17 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Feed water preheater
US4679529A (en) * 1985-04-24 1987-07-14 Electricite De France Service National Steam generator feed water heater
US20050067148A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-31 Gunter Grobelny Heat exchangers
US20090126912A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2009-05-21 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Steam Condenser With Two-Pass Tube Nest Layout
US20100276122A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Daly Phillip F Re-direction of vapor flow across tubular condensers
GB2478569A (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-14 Spirax Sarco Ltd Energy recovery unit with flash steam and condensate heat exchangers
US8684337B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2014-04-01 Uop Llc Tubular condensers having tubes with external enhancements
US11852425B2 (en) * 2019-12-24 2023-12-26 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger and heat exchange system including the same

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53106960A (en) * 1977-03-02 1978-09-18 Hitachi Ltd Multitubular heat-exchanger
JPS52104604A (en) * 1977-03-09 1977-09-02 Hitachi Ltd Discharging device of uncondensed matter in pipe-type heat exchanger
JPS5538410A (en) * 1978-09-08 1980-03-17 Hitachi Ltd Feed water heater
JPS56162400A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-12-14 Toshiba Corp U-tube type heat exchanger

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2354071A (en) * 1942-01-01 1944-07-18 Gen Electric Surface type heat exchanger
US2939685A (en) * 1955-12-14 1960-06-07 Lummus Co Condenser deaerator
US2956784A (en) * 1958-07-02 1960-10-18 Maryland Shipbuilding And Dryd Apparatus for condensing and deaerating
US2995341A (en) * 1959-01-08 1961-08-08 Griscom Russell Co Feed water heater sub-cooling zone
US3061273A (en) * 1958-05-19 1962-10-30 Ingersoll Rand Co Positive steam flow control in condensers
US3698476A (en) * 1970-12-31 1972-10-17 Worthington Corp Counter flow-dual pressure vent section deaerating surface condenser

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1624973A (en) * 1927-04-19 Condenser-type heater
GB691606A (en) * 1950-07-05 1953-05-20 Lummus Co Improvements in or relating to a surface condenser and de-aerator and a steam power system comprising the same
FR1453078A (fr) * 1965-11-05 1966-04-15 Komplex Nagyberendezesek Expor échangeur de chaleur chauffé avec de la vapeur

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2354071A (en) * 1942-01-01 1944-07-18 Gen Electric Surface type heat exchanger
US2939685A (en) * 1955-12-14 1960-06-07 Lummus Co Condenser deaerator
US3061273A (en) * 1958-05-19 1962-10-30 Ingersoll Rand Co Positive steam flow control in condensers
US2956784A (en) * 1958-07-02 1960-10-18 Maryland Shipbuilding And Dryd Apparatus for condensing and deaerating
US2995341A (en) * 1959-01-08 1961-08-08 Griscom Russell Co Feed water heater sub-cooling zone
US3698476A (en) * 1970-12-31 1972-10-17 Worthington Corp Counter flow-dual pressure vent section deaerating surface condenser

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938588A (en) * 1973-10-18 1976-02-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Deaerating feedwater heater
US4226283A (en) * 1976-08-27 1980-10-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger
US4205632A (en) * 1977-05-09 1980-06-03 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Feedwater preheater with device for separating moisture from moisture-bearing steam
US4219077A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-08-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger used in a power plant
US4224981A (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-09-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Feed-water heater for steam power plants
US4249485A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-02-10 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Feed water preheater
US4254825A (en) * 1978-10-05 1981-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Multitubular heat exchanger
US4461346A (en) * 1980-09-29 1984-07-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Feedwater heater
US4541366A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-09-17 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Feed water preheater
US4679529A (en) * 1985-04-24 1987-07-14 Electricite De France Service National Steam generator feed water heater
US20050067148A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-31 Gunter Grobelny Heat exchangers
US7350560B2 (en) * 2003-08-21 2008-04-01 Balcke-Durr Gmbh Heat exchangers
US20090126912A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2009-05-21 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Steam Condenser With Two-Pass Tube Nest Layout
US7610952B2 (en) * 2006-03-27 2009-11-03 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Steam condenser with two-pass tube nest layout
US20100276122A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Daly Phillip F Re-direction of vapor flow across tubular condensers
US8684337B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2014-04-01 Uop Llc Tubular condensers having tubes with external enhancements
US8910702B2 (en) * 2009-04-30 2014-12-16 Uop Llc Re-direction of vapor flow across tubular condensers
US9671173B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2017-06-06 Uop Llc Re-direction of vapor flow across tubular condensers
GB2478569A (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-14 Spirax Sarco Ltd Energy recovery unit with flash steam and condensate heat exchangers
US20110220326A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Spirax-Sarco Limited Energy recovery unit
US11852425B2 (en) * 2019-12-24 2023-12-26 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger and heat exchange system including the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA970233A (en) 1975-07-01
FR2188127B1 (fr) 1976-09-17
GB1407668A (en) 1975-09-24
ES416202A1 (es) 1976-02-01
JPS4956004A (fr) 1974-05-30
IT985364B (it) 1974-11-30
AU5674373A (en) 1974-12-12
JPS5219244B2 (fr) 1977-05-26
FR2188127A1 (fr) 1974-01-18
AU474013B2 (en) 1976-07-08
NL7308144A (fr) 1973-12-14

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