US3792700A - Apparatus and method of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart of a human with armpit located electrodes - Google Patents

Apparatus and method of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart of a human with armpit located electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3792700A
US3792700A US00230753A US3792700DA US3792700A US 3792700 A US3792700 A US 3792700A US 00230753 A US00230753 A US 00230753A US 3792700D A US3792700D A US 3792700DA US 3792700 A US3792700 A US 3792700A
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Prior art keywords
human
electrical
torso
bodies
circuit
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US00230753A
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English (en)
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S Sarnoff
H Reinhold
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Meridian Medical Technologies Inc
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Survival Technology Inc
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Assigned to FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.A. reassignment FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY, INC., A DE CORP.
Assigned to SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.A.
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Assigned to SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY INC. reassignment SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ESTATE OF STANLEY J. SARNOFF C/O ROBERT E. HERZSTEIN SHEARMAN & STERLING
Assigned to BRUNSWICK BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION reassignment BRUNSWICK BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Assigned to INTERNATIONALE NEDERLANDEN (U.S.) CAPITAL CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONALE NEDERLANDEN (U.S.) CAPITAL CORPORATION COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (PATE Assignors: BRUNSWICK BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0006—ECG or EEG signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/332—Portable devices specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • an electrode construction for use with well-known cardiac monitoring means comprising a carbon impregnated plastic body having a conductive grid embedded therein with a lead electrically connected thereto and extending from the body. These electrodes are adapted for placement and retention in the users armpits to pick up the heartbeat signal and transmit it to the cardiac monitor.
  • the electrodes have taken the form of variously shaped metal elements which are brought into direct contact with the skin.
  • a conductive paste is often interposed between the electrode and the skin.
  • the chemical reaction may extend to the point where a battery effect is produced, or a chemical reaction produced which is detrimental to the skin may be developed.
  • electrodes have been made of plastic with a conducting medium therein to pick up the heartbeat signal which is obviously quite weak.
  • conductive pastes and the like are employed to make certain that proper and necessary signal strength is picked up by the electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial view illustrating the manner in which the electrodes are applied to the users body to pick up the heartbeat signal
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the basic components of typical heartbeat detection and monitoring apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the electrode of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3 showing the disposition of the conductive grid in the electrode body
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4 illustrating the grid and attached lead embedded in the body.
  • the electrodes of this invention are adapted to be used with a battery operated cardiac monitor such as that described in US Pat. No. 3,613,670 to H. J. Edenhofer.
  • This device takes the signal picked up by the two-spaced electrodes on the body and converts them to pulsing light or to an audible beeping signal indicative of heartbeat by, among other means, amplifying the signal and sufficiently suppressing noise and/or artifact components of the signal to prevent spurious triggering of the output indications.
  • the patient 10 is holding the cardiac monitor 12 in his left hand and has placed electrodes 14 and 16 in his armpits with the upper portion of each arm pressing against the electrode to provide firm contact with the body.
  • the electrodes 14 and 16 are attached via respectively associated electrical leads to a cardiac monitor 12 provided with a lamp 18 for producing the visual signal and a speaker 20 for the audible beeping.
  • the monitor 12 is also provided with an on and off switch 22.
  • Other and additional features may be embodied in the cardiac monitor 12 but the flashing lamp l8 and beeping speaker 20 are the most important elements for this type of heart monitormg;
  • the construction of the electrodes 14 and 16, both being alike, is shown in FIGS. 3-5.
  • the electrode comprises a body 30 made of carbon fiilled plastic preferably a vinyl type, however, other types of plastics may be used.
  • the body 30 has a rectangular base portion 32 topped with a triangular upper portion 34. As indicated in the cross sectional view of FIG. 4., the body is pentag- Onal in cross section with a horizontal bottom 36, parallel vertical andequal sides 38 and 40 and inwardly slanted top sides 42 and 44 of equal length.
  • a conducting screen or grid 50 is embedded in the body 30 so as to be horizontally disposed with respect to bottom 36.
  • the bare ends 52 of lead-in wire 54 are soldered to the screen 50 and likewise embedded in the body 30.
  • the electrode In actual use, the electrode is approximately 2 /2 inches long, and l A; inches wide. The thickness at the middle section which is the greatest is roughly 1/4 inch. It is preferred that stranded wire be used for the lead-in wire 54 to provide desirable flexibility and ease of handling.
  • the advantages of the electrode of this invention are numerous and important.
  • no conductive paste is needed.
  • the plastic from which the body is made is generally inert.
  • the electrode will not corrode and is readily cleaned so as to have a long use life. Also there will be no allergy problems.
  • the use ofa conductive grid over the wide area of the rectangular base of the electrode provides maximum signal pick up, thus increasing reliability even under adverse circumstances.
  • the shape of the electrode 14 is not necessarily limited to that disclosed, although that configuration does have some advantages particularly when used in the armpit.
  • the length is such that it may be easily handled and readily placed in the armpit.
  • the bottom flat side 36 and the triangular top 34 make it possible for the portion of the armpit defined by the upper torso to receive the flat bottom 36 and the upper arm to engage the triangular portion 34. This provides good gripping and contact such that the arm in its normal relaxed position will hold the electrode in place in the armpit and provide sufficient contact for the heartbeat signal to be picked up.
  • the placing of the electrodes 14 and 16 in the armpits of the user presents many advantages. Specifically, the armpit area is warm and generally somewhat damp thus providing a very good area for transfer of weak electric signals. Additionally, there may be some type of salt or the equivalent present which would constitute an electrolyte and further enhance pick up of the signal. Further, the location of the electrodes in the armpits means that the electrodes will be in close proximity to the heart, thus a stronger signal should be received. It should also be noted that the stratum comeum on the armpit area is relatively thin thereby decreasing skin resistance. The type of flesh that the heartbeat signal passes through to reach the electrodes in the armpits presents less signal transmission difficulties than would be experienced in measuring heartbeat by signal take ofl' on the lower arms or legs.
  • a method of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart of a human under one of a variety of conditions including self monitoring under emergency conditions by the use of a portable battery operated monitoring apparatus which includes a pair of electrode bodies having exterior surface means for enabling the bodies to be easily positioned in the armpits of the human to be monitored and to be conveniently and comfortably self-retained in such position solely by the human by engagement between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas, said method comprising the steps of positioning said electrode bodies within the armpits of the human to be monitored and self-retaining the same therein solely by the human by engagement of the bodies between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas, establishing a conductive circuit from a position spaced from said bodies which extends through said bodies to the exterior surface means thereof and between the latter through the torso of the human through which the electrical impulses within the torso of the human which trigger the heartbeats of the human are reliably conducted,
  • a portable battery operated monitoring apparatus which includes a pair of electrode bodies having dry exterior surface means for enabling the bodies to be easily positioned in the armpits of the human to be monitored and to be conveniently and comfortably self-retained in such position solely by the human by engagement between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas, said method comprising the steps of positioning said electrode bodies within the armpits of the human to be monitored in a dry condition and self-retaining the same therein solely by the human by engagement of the bodies between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas,
  • housing means for enabling the same to be easily and conveniently carried by a human operator
  • said electrode bodies having exterior surface means for enabling said bodies to be easily positioned in the armpits of a human to be monitored and to be conveniently and comfortably self-retained in such position solely by the human by engagement between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas,
  • electrical conductor means operable when said electrode bodies are positioned and retained in the armpits of a human as aforesaid, for establishing an electrical circuit within said housing means which extends therefrom through said lead elements and through said electrode bodies to the exterior surface means thereof and between the latter through the torso of the human through which the electric impulses within the torso of the human which trigger the heartbeats of the human are reliably con ducted from the torso to said housing means, and
  • each of said electrode bodies is formed of electrically conductive material in a three dimensional configuration defining substantially the entire exterior surface means thereof for making electrical connection to the substantially enclosed skin surface areas of the human armpit when the upper arm is in its normal relaxed position substantially adjacent to the human body thus maximizing the area of electrical contact with the human armpit tissues.
  • Apparatus for monitoring the electrical activity of the heart of a human under one of a variety of conditions including self-monitoring under emergency conditions comprising:
  • housing means for enabling the same to be easily and conveniently carried by a human operator
  • said electrode bodies having dry exterior surface means for enabling said bodies to be easily positioned in the armpits of a human to be monitored in a dry condition and to be conveniently and comfortably self-retained in such position solely by the human by engagement between the adjacent arm portions and torso in the armpit areas,
  • electrical conductor means operable when said electrode bodies are positioned and retained in the armpits of a human as aforesaid, for establishing an electrical circuit within said housing means which extends therefrom through said lead elements and through said electrode bodies to the dry exterior surface means thereof and between the latter through the torso of the human, without the provision of conductive paste or the like between said dry exterior surface means and the skin engaged thereby, through which circuit the electric impulses within the torso of the human which trigger the heartbeats of the human are reliably conducted from the torso to said housing means, and
  • each of said electrode bodies is formed from a carbon loaded plastic material, which material defines substantially the entire dry exterior surface means thereof.
  • each of said lead elements is embedded within the associated electrode body.
  • each of said electrode bodies has an elongated configuration in one di rection and the lead element associated therewith extends therefrom generally in said one direction.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
US00230753A 1972-03-01 1972-03-01 Apparatus and method of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart of a human with armpit located electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3792700A (en)

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US23075372A 1972-03-01 1972-03-01

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US (1) US3792700A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5412760B2 (cs)
AR (1) AR204393A1 (cs)
AU (1) AU475944B2 (cs)
BE (1) BE795976A (cs)
BR (1) BR7301491D0 (cs)
CA (1) CA987739A (cs)
CH (1) CH558167A (cs)
DE (1) DE2310320C3 (cs)
ES (2) ES412169A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2174206B1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1426951A (cs)
IL (1) IL41530A (cs)
IT (1) IT976603B (cs)
NL (1) NL7302874A (cs)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910260A (en) * 1972-03-01 1975-10-07 Survival Technology Method and apparatus of treating heart attack patients prior to the establishment of qualified direct contact personal care
US3976055A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-08-24 Ndm Corporation Electrode and conductor therefor
USD243476S (en) 1975-04-24 1977-02-22 Avery Roger E Therapeutic electrode pad
US4066078A (en) * 1976-02-05 1978-01-03 Johnson & Johnson Disposable electrode
US4090504A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-05-23 Yehuda Nathan Portable temperature and pulse monitor
US4252124A (en) * 1976-03-12 1981-02-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Single-rod pH measuring circuit
FR2517975A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-17 Zoll Ross Procede et dispositif de stimulation cardiaque externe
US4535783A (en) * 1982-08-05 1985-08-20 Kontron Holding A.G. Personal electrocardiology recorder
WO1986001118A1 (en) * 1984-08-08 1986-02-27 Survival Technology, Inc. Initiating reperfusion treatment when heart attack symptoms are present
US4573474A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-03-04 Scibetta James S Cable harness for an electrocardiogram device
US4606352A (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-08-19 Purdue Research Foundation Personal electrocardiogram monitor
US4862896A (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-09-05 Survival Technology, Inc. Monitoring device with dual position electrodes
US4889134A (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-12-26 Survival Technology, Inc. Device for measuring multiple channels of heartbeat activity and encoding into a form suitable for simultaneous transmission over
US5228449A (en) * 1991-01-22 1993-07-20 Athanasios G. Christ System and method for detecting out-of-hospital cardiac emergencies and summoning emergency assistance
US5339823A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-08-23 Survival Technology, Inc. Twelve-lead portable heart monitor and method
US5365935A (en) * 1991-09-10 1994-11-22 Ralin, Inc. Portable, multi-channel ECG data monitor/recorder
US5465727A (en) * 1994-08-26 1995-11-14 Brunswick Biomedical Corporation Twelve-lead portable heart monitor
USD369667S (en) 1994-04-18 1996-05-07 Medicotest A/S Electrode
US20080208029A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2008-08-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Garment Comprising At Least One Dry Electrode
WO2017039518A1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Apaturambs Ab Ecg electrode patch device and method for electrocardiography
US20170095177A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Infobionic, Inc. Electrode patch for health monitoring
US11083399B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2021-08-10 Infobionic, Inc. Electrode patch for health monitoring
US20220008721A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2022-01-13 Maxime CALOUCHE A system of method for treatment of hyperhidrosis by tap-water iontophoresis and electrotherapy using an improved electrode

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1012532B (it) * 1972-12-04 1977-03-10 Survival Technology Apparecchiatura di trattamento di pazienti colpiti da attacco cardia co prima dell assistenza personale qualificata in contatto diretto col paziente

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2918054A (en) * 1957-09-09 1959-12-22 Peter A Goolkasian Electrically responsive repetitive-surge indicators
US3029820A (en) * 1959-07-17 1962-04-17 Franklin Murray Cardiograph electrode
US3187745A (en) * 1961-08-01 1965-06-08 Melpar Inc Electrodes
US3338234A (en) * 1964-06-09 1967-08-29 Benjamin B Kleinerman Heart activity detector and display device
US3490442A (en) * 1966-02-09 1970-01-20 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Electrode with contact-forming suction cup means
US3606881A (en) * 1970-02-20 1971-09-21 Riley D Woodson Conductive rubber electrode

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE534911A (cs) * 1955-01-17
DK122258B (da) * 1969-09-01 1972-02-14 Philips Ind Handel As Elektrode til elektromedicinsk brug.
ZA712249B (en) * 1970-05-11 1972-11-29 H Semler Portable cardiac monitor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2918054A (en) * 1957-09-09 1959-12-22 Peter A Goolkasian Electrically responsive repetitive-surge indicators
US3029820A (en) * 1959-07-17 1962-04-17 Franklin Murray Cardiograph electrode
US3187745A (en) * 1961-08-01 1965-06-08 Melpar Inc Electrodes
US3338234A (en) * 1964-06-09 1967-08-29 Benjamin B Kleinerman Heart activity detector and display device
US3490442A (en) * 1966-02-09 1970-01-20 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Electrode with contact-forming suction cup means
US3606881A (en) * 1970-02-20 1971-09-21 Riley D Woodson Conductive rubber electrode

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910260A (en) * 1972-03-01 1975-10-07 Survival Technology Method and apparatus of treating heart attack patients prior to the establishment of qualified direct contact personal care
US3976055A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-08-24 Ndm Corporation Electrode and conductor therefor
USD243476S (en) 1975-04-24 1977-02-22 Avery Roger E Therapeutic electrode pad
US4066078A (en) * 1976-02-05 1978-01-03 Johnson & Johnson Disposable electrode
US4252124A (en) * 1976-03-12 1981-02-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Single-rod pH measuring circuit
US4090504A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-05-23 Yehuda Nathan Portable temperature and pulse monitor
FR2517975A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-17 Zoll Ross Procede et dispositif de stimulation cardiaque externe
US4535783A (en) * 1982-08-05 1985-08-20 Kontron Holding A.G. Personal electrocardiology recorder
US4606352A (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-08-19 Purdue Research Foundation Personal electrocardiogram monitor
US4573474A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-03-04 Scibetta James S Cable harness for an electrocardiogram device
WO1986001118A1 (en) * 1984-08-08 1986-02-27 Survival Technology, Inc. Initiating reperfusion treatment when heart attack symptoms are present
US4658830A (en) * 1984-08-08 1987-04-21 Survival Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for initiating reperfusion treatment by an unattended individual undergoing heart attack symptoms
AU586830B2 (en) * 1984-08-08 1989-07-27 Survival Technology Inc. Initiating reperfusion treatment when heart attack symptoms are present
WO1989009020A1 (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-10-05 Survival Technology, Inc. Monitoring device with dual position electrodes
US4862896A (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-09-05 Survival Technology, Inc. Monitoring device with dual position electrodes
US4889134A (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-12-26 Survival Technology, Inc. Device for measuring multiple channels of heartbeat activity and encoding into a form suitable for simultaneous transmission over
US5228449A (en) * 1991-01-22 1993-07-20 Athanasios G. Christ System and method for detecting out-of-hospital cardiac emergencies and summoning emergency assistance
US5365935A (en) * 1991-09-10 1994-11-22 Ralin, Inc. Portable, multi-channel ECG data monitor/recorder
US5339823A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-08-23 Survival Technology, Inc. Twelve-lead portable heart monitor and method
USD369667S (en) 1994-04-18 1996-05-07 Medicotest A/S Electrode
US5465727A (en) * 1994-08-26 1995-11-14 Brunswick Biomedical Corporation Twelve-lead portable heart monitor
US20080208029A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2008-08-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Garment Comprising At Least One Dry Electrode
WO2017039518A1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Apaturambs Ab Ecg electrode patch device and method for electrocardiography
US20170095177A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Infobionic, Inc. Electrode patch for health monitoring
US10327657B2 (en) * 2015-10-05 2019-06-25 Infobionic, Inc. Electrode patch for health monitoring
US11083399B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2021-08-10 Infobionic, Inc. Electrode patch for health monitoring
US20220008721A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2022-01-13 Maxime CALOUCHE A system of method for treatment of hyperhidrosis by tap-water iontophoresis and electrotherapy using an improved electrode
US12214190B2 (en) * 2018-10-05 2025-02-04 Maxime CALOUCHE System of method for treatment of hyperhidrosis by tap-water iontophoresis and electrotherapy using an improved electrode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2174206B1 (cs) 1977-08-12
BE795976A (fr) 1973-06-18
FR2174206A1 (cs) 1973-10-12
IT976603B (it) 1974-09-10
CH558167A (de) 1975-01-31
DE2310320C3 (de) 1978-08-24
IL41530A0 (en) 1973-04-30
IL41530A (en) 1976-02-29
DE2310320A1 (de) 1973-09-20
AU5241573A (en) 1974-08-29
JPS48100996A (cs) 1973-12-19
ES439320A1 (es) 1977-02-16
DE2310320B2 (de) 1976-05-06
CA987739A (en) 1976-04-20
ES412169A1 (es) 1976-05-01
BR7301491D0 (pt) 1974-08-29
JPS5412760B2 (cs) 1979-05-25
AR204393A1 (es) 1976-02-06
NL7302874A (cs) 1973-09-04
GB1426951A (en) 1976-03-03
AU475944B2 (en) 1976-09-09

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