US3791490A - Elevator control system for indicating damage to an elevator structure - Google Patents

Elevator control system for indicating damage to an elevator structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3791490A
US3791490A US00334538A US3791490DA US3791490A US 3791490 A US3791490 A US 3791490A US 00334538 A US00334538 A US 00334538A US 3791490D A US3791490D A US 3791490DA US 3791490 A US3791490 A US 3791490A
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car
control system
movement
displacement
sensor element
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US00334538A
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English (en)
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D Smith
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Otis Elevator Co
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Otis Elevator Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/021—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions the abnormal operating conditions being independent of the system
    • B66B5/022—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions the abnormal operating conditions being independent of the system where the abnormal operating condition is caused by a natural event, e.g. earthquake

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  • ABSTRACT An elevator control arrangement for detecting the physical displacement of one of the systems movable components from its normal operating position and thereafter restraining further movement of the car to a direction in which such movement increases the physical separation of the car from its counterweight.
  • This invention relates to improvement of safety of elevators, and more particularly relates to an arrangement for detecting and responding to the damage caused to elevators by high-shock forces that commonly accompany earthquakes, explosions, and the like.
  • a seismic disturbance sensor be used to deactivate the elevator system or systems if a disturbance in excess of a predetermined value is experienced. It is understood that its effectiveness is thought to be variable, depending in some instances, upon the position of its installation and the threshold level at which the sensor unit operates its associated switch. If used it may control the power supply for all electromechanical apparatus within a building; and when so used the sensor may be located in a place other than the elevator shaftway. It is possible that the effect of shock forces acting in the elevator shaftways may differ considerably from those experienced in other parts of the building; and a distantly located sensor may produce indications that are not especially applicable to the elevators.
  • the one chosen may result in either shutting down undamaged elevators or not detecting sublevel forces that actually cause safety-impairing displacements. It is thought an accelerating force that is one-half the force of gravity that may well result in damage to an elevator system. Even at this level, however, that is not a matter for certainty; as it seems that some elevators may remain operational while other seemingly identical installations sustain service-disrupting damage when exposed to forces of this approximate magnitude.
  • a simple and relatively inexpensive detector that may be individual to each elevator or-to a group of elevators and which may equally well be installed either at the time of original installation or at a later date.
  • Such a detector may be arranged to coact with the elevators control system so as to remove from service only those elevators of a group of elevators that experience safetyimpairing displacement.
  • Only those elevators that have actually suffered service-impairing displacements need be re moved from service, thus preserving for service those elevators that have not been adversely affected.
  • a determination can be made of how best to move the elevator to facilitate the removal of its passengers.
  • a displaced component such as a counterweight
  • an electrical conductor, or sensing wire suspended vertically in the hoistway and disposed so as to lie within a plane parallel to the path of travel of the counterweight. It has impressed upon it a low voltage that is effective toactuate associated control circuitry upon the displacement of the counterweight from its guide rails.
  • the invention is adaptable to substantially any type of elevator control system. It will be described herein as being applied to an elevator utilizing a Ward- Leonard type of motor speed control, and a selector for monitoring the car position relative to the various landings of the building and the direction of car travel. As explained, the car normally proceeds from a bottom terminal landing to a top terminal and vice versa, such as would occur with a terminal type dispatching and supervisory control of a group of such cars.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are simplified representations of a single elevator employing the invention.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are simplified schematic wiring diagrams in straight-line form of the essential control circuitry of the invention and of typical elevator control circuitry used in cooperation therewith.
  • ADVAdvancer Relay ASR--Automatic Start Relay CB-Counterweight-Below Relay D--Down Direction Switch DETDisplacement Sensor Relay DGD-Auxiliary Down Direction Switch DGU-Auxiliary Up Direction Switch DO'-Door Open Relay ElA-First Speed Switch E2A-Second Speed Switch EBR-Car Call Button Reset Relay ETS-Excitation Time Switch H-Field and Brake Switch HR-Reversal Switch IS-Independent Service Switch LVLeveling Switch P-Potential Switch QK-First Sensor Control Relay QKA-Second Sensor Control Relay QKB-Third Sensor Control Relay QKCFourth Sensor Control Relay SSafety Switch TSTSensor Test Relay UUp Direction Switch Throughout the description that follows, these letter designations will be applied to the coils of the aboveidentified switches.
  • elevator car is suspended in a vertical hoistway 11 by hoist ropes 12 from sheave 13, which is mounted on the shaft of motor armature MA of the direct current elevator hoisting motor. Suspended by the same ropes is counterweight 14.
  • the movable car 10 and counterweight 14 are guided by their respective guide rails 15, 16.
  • the car serves a plurality of landings represented herein as the lowermost landing Ll, the uppermost landing LT, and a midpoint of travel in the hoistway, which is also referred to herein as middle landing LM.
  • the sensor includes an electrical conductor or wire 18, the axis 19 (FIG. 2) of which is parallel to the plane containing the longitudinal axis 20 of counterweight rails 16.
  • the sensing wire 18 is shown as being in the space between the paths of travel of the car 10 and its counterweight 14. It is mounted in the hoistway extending from a point above the upper terminus to a point below the lower terminus of travel of the counterweight 14. It is mounted in a taut condition and is insulated from ground.
  • Tensioning block 21 (FIG. 2) supports coil DET-S and reset coil DET-R of the detector relay, and coil TST of the test relay are connected across rectifier RF. Lamp LPl is connected through contacts DETl of the detector relay across the lines.
  • the sensor relay coils QK, QKA, QKB and QKC are energized through making contacts 'TSTl of test relay TST and breaking contacts DET2 of the detector relay.
  • Resistors R1, R2 and capacitor C1 form a timed voltage divider connected to the gate electrode of silicon controlled switch Q3. This arrangement supplies power to coil QK through the back contacts QKBI a predetermined interval after sensor relay coil QKB is deenergized.
  • Coil TST of the test relay is connected through resistor R6 to the collector of transistor Q4, whose emitter is at ground potential and base is connected to sensing wire 18 through the voltagedivider comprising resistors R3 and R4. Lamp LP2 is shunted between ground potential and the connection between contacts TSTl and DET2. Coil DET-S of the detector relay is provided with energizing potential when contactor 24 contacts sensing wire 18.
  • lines L+ and L provide suitable potential to coils I-IR, DGU and DGD of the reversal switch and auxiliary direction switches; to coil EBR of the car call button reset relay; to coil IS of the independent service switch and coil CB of the counterweight-below relay.
  • Theswitches DGD, DGU, HR and IS and relay EBR form part of a typical control system for terminal-to-terminal travel of the car.
  • Both the direction reversal relay HR and the counterweight-below relay CB have three-lead, mid-point tapped coilsv and are.set when the portionsHR4 or CB S of the coils are energized, and freset when the portions HR-R or CB-R of the coils are energized.
  • the set and reset portions of coil CB are connected to selector contact ARM through the making contacts DGU4 and DGD4, respectively.
  • hoist motor armature MA is in series connection with the Ward-Leonard controlled armature GA and its series field winding GSEF.
  • Exciter EA has both series field ESF and shunt field EF and supplies current to shunt fields MF and GF of the motor and direct current generator, respectively.
  • Coil P of the potential switch is connected across operating potential through conventional safety switch S (represented by broken-line rectangle) and making contacts QKl.
  • Coil I-Iof the field and brake switch and coils U and D of the directional control switches are connected to power through making contacts QKCZ of the sensor relay and ADV1 of the advancer relay.
  • Coils EIA and E2A of the first and second speed switches and those of the leveling switches LV are connected to operating potential through making contacts QKAll of the sensor relay QKA.
  • Coil DET-S (FIG. 3) of the displacement sensor relay is de-energized with its making contacts DETl separated and breaking contacts DET2 engaged.
  • Coil TST of the sensor test relay is energized with making contacts TST] engaged, and lamp LP2 illuminated, in-
  • Down direction coil DGD (FIG. 4) is energized and direction reversal coil HR is reset.
  • selector brush 28 disengages from contact ARC, and, upon reaching middle landing LM, it engages contact ARM. This impresses a voltage through contacts DGD4 to reset coil CB-R of the counterweight-below relay, separating contacts CB1 and engaging contacts CB2 (without effect at this time).
  • This, in conjunction with the reset condition of reversal switch HR indicates that the counterweight is moving upward from the midpoint of the hoistway 11.
  • contacts HR2 and DGU2 are engaged in the circuit of auxiliary down direction switch DGD. Also contacts CB1 are engaged and CB2 are disengaged'in the circuit of coil HR of the-reversal switch HR.
  • the counterweight 14 is in the lower half of the hoistway and further movement of the car in its downward direction would move it and its counterweight into closer proximity, which would be undesirable. This is avoided by the action of the third sensor control relay QKB which engaged its contacts QKB2 in the circuit of coil HRS of the reversal switch HR when its coil QKB was de-energized.
  • the set coil HRS of reversal switch HR will be energized through closed contacts QKB2, CB1 and DGDl to cause the opening of contacts HR2 in the circuit of coil DGD and the closing of contacts I-IRl in the circuit of coil DGU of the auxiliary up direction switch for energization of auxiliary up direction switch DGU when its back contacts DGD2 re-engage as their coil DGD is de-energized.
  • the next movement of the car will now be in the up direction and that of the counterweight in the opposite direction.
  • the time period of operational de-energization which started when the first sensor control relay QK separated its contacts QKI is determined by component values of the timed voltage divider, R1, R2, C1 (FIG. 3) in the circuit of silicon controlled switch Q3.
  • power for reenergizing coil QK of the sensor relay ' is supplied through semiconductor device Q3.
  • Contacts QKl (FIG. 5) re-engage energizing coil P of the potential switch and contacts P1 are re-engaged.
  • contacts QKC2 in the circuit of coils U and D of the direction switches are disengaged and the back contacts LVl of the leveling switch LV are engaged.
  • Contacts DGU3 and DGD3'in that circuit are disengaged.
  • Contacts QKAl of the second sensor control relay QKA (FIG. 3) are disengaged in the circuit of the leveling switch coil LV, and the speed control coils EIA and E2A.
  • Contacts QKC4 are engaged in the circuit of door-open switch coil DO.
  • a control system for an elevator having its vertiment experiences an abnormal horizontal displacement relative to its guide rails.
  • a control system according to claim 2 wherein one of said sensor elements is electrically connected to electrical ground potential and the other sensor element has impressed thereon an electrical potential differing from electrical ground potential by apreselected magnitude.
  • a control system according to claim 3 which includes electrical switching means operative a preselected time interval after an abnormal horizontal displacement of one of said components relative to its guide rail has actuated said displacement detection apparatus to initiate the stopping of car movement to effect renewed movement of the car by said motive means at a less-than-normal velocity, said control system being operative to interrupt the renewed movement and stop the car at the next encountered hoistway landing position.
  • a control system according to claim 4 wherein said system includes supplemental direction determining apparatus that is effective to cause said renewed movement of the car to be in a direction to cause the linear separation of the car from its counterweight to be increased.
  • a control system according to claim 5 wherein said supplemental direction determining apparatus is operative to control the direction of said renewed car movement only in the event the renewed car movement is controlled by said first direction determining apparatus would cause the linear separation of the car from its counterweight to be decreased.
  • a control system wherein the actuation of said displacement detection apparatus in response to the abnormal displacement of one of said movable components renders said displacement detection apparatus immune to further response and in I which manually actuated switching means is effective cally movable components operative in a hoistway to serve .a plurality of building landings, said movable components comprising a car and its connected counterweight, guide rails effective to direct the vertical movement of the components in separate pathways, and motive means effective to move simultaneously said components in opposed directions along said pathways, said control system including first direction determining apparatus effective to control the direction in which said motive means moves said components, displacement detection apparatus responsive to abnormal horizontal displacement of one of said components with respect toits guide rails and productive of an indication of such displacement, and motive control apparatusresponsive to said produced displacement indication and effective to stop the movement of said car by said motive means in an expedited manner.
  • said displacement detection apparatus comprises a first sensor element carried by one of said movable components and a second sensor element in close normal proximity thereto during the usual vertical movement of said components along their separate pathways, said close normal proximity relation being disrupted when the movable component carrying said first sensor elewhen so actuated to restore said displacement detection apparatus to its unactuated condition, provided said first sensor and said second sensor elements have been restored to their close normal proximity relation.
  • a control system according to claim 7 wherein visual indicating apparatus responsive to the presence of electrical potential on said other sensor element is effective, upon interruption of said potential supply, to cause said motive control apparatus to stop the movement of said car in an expedited manner in the same manner as occurs in the case of a produced component displacement indication,'and to produce a visual indication that said potential supply has been interrupted.
  • a control system according to claim 8 wherein said visual indicating apparatus is responsive to the restoration of said potential supply to said other sensor element to restore said elevator to its normal operating condition without manual actuation of said switching means effective to restore said displacement detection apparatus to its unactuated state.
  • said first sensor element is an electrical conductor connected at its one end to and carried by said counterweight and having an opening formed therethrough near its other end
  • said second sensor element is an electrical conductor suspended vertically in said hoistway in a plane parallel to but displaced from the vertical plane of movement of said counterweight, said second sensor element passing substantially centrally through the opening formed in the second sensor element conductor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
US00334538A 1973-02-22 1973-02-22 Elevator control system for indicating damage to an elevator structure Expired - Lifetime US3791490A (en)

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JP (1) JPS49134047A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056169A (en) * 1976-06-28 1977-11-01 United Technologies Corporation Elevator control system
US4069898A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-01-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Elevator system
US4096925A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system with detector for indicating relative positions of car and counterweight
US4106594A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-08-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system
US4193478A (en) * 1977-04-26 1980-03-18 Elevator Industries Elevator control system and method
US4460065A (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-07-17 Otis Elevator Company Rope sway warning device for compensating ropes in elevator systems
US20110155510A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-06-30 Bjarne Lindberg Circuit for resetting an elevator safety chain
US20120097487A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-04-26 Otis Elevator Company Building Sway Resistant Elevator Derailment Detection System
US9359172B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2016-06-07 Otis Elevator Company Elevator rope sway detection and damping
US20180251337A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-09-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Elevator device and elevator recovery method
US11104544B2 (en) * 2015-07-27 2021-08-31 Wurtec, Incorporated Elevator counterweight signaling system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5757175A (en) * 1980-09-22 1982-04-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Operating device for elevator in case of earthquke
JPS57120558U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-27

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US443283A (en) * 1890-12-23 Electric safety device for elevators
US1148450A (en) * 1914-04-03 1915-07-27 C M Mccrum Automatic safety stopping device for elevators.
US3726364A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-04-10 Thermocycle Inc Elevator heat controlled safety circuit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US443283A (en) * 1890-12-23 Electric safety device for elevators
US1148450A (en) * 1914-04-03 1915-07-27 C M Mccrum Automatic safety stopping device for elevators.
US3726364A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-04-10 Thermocycle Inc Elevator heat controlled safety circuit

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056169A (en) * 1976-06-28 1977-11-01 United Technologies Corporation Elevator control system
US4069898A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-01-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Elevator system
US4096925A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system with detector for indicating relative positions of car and counterweight
US4106594A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-08-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system
US4193478A (en) * 1977-04-26 1980-03-18 Elevator Industries Elevator control system and method
US4460065A (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-07-17 Otis Elevator Company Rope sway warning device for compensating ropes in elevator systems
US20110155510A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-06-30 Bjarne Lindberg Circuit for resetting an elevator safety chain
US8490755B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2013-07-23 Inventio Ag Circuit for resetting an elevator safety chain
CN102471021A (zh) * 2009-07-20 2012-05-23 奥的斯电梯公司 抗建筑物摇摆电梯出轨检测系统
US20120097487A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-04-26 Otis Elevator Company Building Sway Resistant Elevator Derailment Detection System
US9033113B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2015-05-19 Otis Elevator Company Building sway resistant elevator derailment detection system
CN102471021B (zh) * 2009-07-20 2015-05-27 奥的斯电梯公司 抗建筑物摇摆电梯出轨检测系统及方法
US9359172B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2016-06-07 Otis Elevator Company Elevator rope sway detection and damping
US20180251337A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-09-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Elevator device and elevator recovery method
US10625980B2 (en) * 2015-04-20 2020-04-21 Misubishi Electric Corporation Elevator device that transmits inspection data when inspection operation after earthquake is interrupted
US11104544B2 (en) * 2015-07-27 2021-08-31 Wurtec, Incorporated Elevator counterweight signaling system

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CA986241A (en) 1976-03-23
JPS49134047A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-24

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