US3790080A - Method of spraying - Google Patents

Method of spraying Download PDF

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Publication number
US3790080A
US3790080A US00255686A US3790080DA US3790080A US 3790080 A US3790080 A US 3790080A US 00255686 A US00255686 A US 00255686A US 3790080D A US3790080D A US 3790080DA US 3790080 A US3790080 A US 3790080A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
liquid
particles
atomizing
carrier vehicle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00255686A
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English (en)
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R Babington
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2133—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using electric, sonic or ultrasonic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention evolved from studies conducted to develop a spraying'system utilizing the principles of Babington et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,421,692 and 3,421,699 which principles have been utilized in burners, see U. S. Pat. No. 3,425,058 among others, humidifiers, see U. S. Pat. No. 3,425,059; mist lubrication of high speed drives, paint spraying and last but not least, medical nebulizers of the type disclosed in the application of Robert S. Babington filed of even date herewith.
  • the Babington system involves flowing a liquid in thin film over a suitable surface which has a very small aperture therein and emitting a gas through the aperture traversing said film of liquid whereby miniscule droplets of liquidare lifted from the film while that portion of the film which is not atomized or nebulizedis permitted to flow beyond the aperture and generally collected for recirculation into the system.
  • an object of the present .invention became the development of a method of spraying liquids capable of producing a fog or mist having particle sizes on the order of 4-5 microns and at densities at least on the order of 10,000,000 particles per cubic centimeter of carrier gas.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of aerosolizing liquid medicants which can be directly inhaled into the respiratory tract.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to develop a method of aerosolizing liquids requiring high rrrist densities, small particle size and ample capacity measured in terms of usable mist per unit of time.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of improving the output both in capacity and density of all known spraying or aerosolizing systems.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of producing aerosols by use of pneumatic spraying systems.
  • a method of spraying comprising the steps of providing an aspirating chamber, providing a firstatomizing means in said chamber, providing a second atomizing device in said chamber in series with the first'atomizing device introducing aspirating airinto said chamber, passing over the series oriented atomizing devices, a carrier vehicle whereby the atomized particles from said first device are at least partially evaporated into the carrier vehicle prior to its point of contact with the atomized particles of said second atomizing device.
  • the overall result produced may be enhanced by passing the carrier vehicle through a trapchamber to trap out larger particles which collect as a result of their greater mass and momentum.
  • FIG. 1 is a simple schematic view showing the method as applied to a conventional pneumatic atomizing device
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing atomizers of the Babington type incorporated in the device carrying out the present method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view similar to FIG. 2 but substituting ultrasonic atomizing units in the system, and
  • FIG. 4 is a partial view disclosing a generic means for improving the results of known pneumatic systems, but illustrating in particular, use of the system disclosed in FIG. 2.
  • a spray chamber 1 so called because its purpose is to direct the carrier vehicle, by'self aspiration or forced aspiration, in a given direction and to confine the carrier I vehicle in a limited area during introduction of the atomized or aerosolized substance thereinto from the spraying elements.
  • the chambers l and 10 are selfaspirating. That is, the carrier-vehicle, in this case air or any known gas is drawn into the chamber through apertures 2 and 12 respectively by the action of theatomizing devices themselves, since both the FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 devices are pneumatic devices requiring discharge of the air under pressure to atomize the liquid substance to be atomized.
  • the atomization is of the simple dual nozzle type wherein liquid is forced under pressure into pipe 3; a gas under pressure is introduced into pipe 5 and atomization of the liquid substance occurs because of the impact between liquid and gas streams.
  • the gas is under considerable pressure about 50 p.s.i. gage, hence the velocity of the gas stream is sufficient to cause flow of the atomized liquid in the exit direction through the chamber 1, i.e., to the right as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • the flowing stream of atomized particles passes over and around a second atomizing device which may be duplicate of the first atomizing device having air nozzle 3' and liquid nozzle 5' where additional atomized substance is introduced into the carrier vehicle.
  • the carrier vehicle in this case simply defined as a suitable gas, is drawn in through the aspirating ports 2 by the effect of the atomizing nozzles which causes a reduction in pressure within the chamber 1 adjacent the closed end. Hence, the carrier vehicleis drawn into the chamber through ports 2 and co-mingles with the sprayed substance at the first stage.
  • the carrier vehicle which is now preconditioned, i.e., has absorbed some additional moisture and also carries some free liquid in aerosol form, which mixture is accelerated toward the second spray stage, i.e., toward the exit end of the chamber. In its passage to the exit, it is again exposed to an additional spray generator which introduces additional free liquid particles into the preconditioned carrier vehicle.
  • the chamber 10 includes the so-called Babington atomizers utilizing the principles set forth in the aforementioned Babington et al US. Pat. Nos. 3,421,699 and 3,421,694.
  • comparatively low pressure atomizing gas is applied through conduits 15, 17 to a pair of serially arranged, horizontally aligned hollow plenum chambers in the form of spheres 16 and 18.
  • the surfaces of the spheres 16 and 18 are flooded with the substance to be atomized, for example, water or a saline solution or any liquid substance having a soluble solid dissolved therein via conduits 22, 24 aligned with the tops of the spheres.
  • the contour of the spheres and the rate of flow of the liquid is such that the substance forms a thin dynamically stressed film over each sphere.
  • the spheres are provided with very small slots 25, 27 as described in said patents, from which the relatively low pressure air exits to traverse the film and in so doing very small droplets are lifted from the film and dispersed into the chamber. The remainder of the film is caught in catch basins 14, 19 and conveyed back into the liquid supply system by any suitable means (not shown) for recirculation.
  • FIG. 3 Another arrangement for carrying out the invention will be described with reference being made to FIG. 3.
  • an aspirating chamber 20 is provided having an end 32 arranged for admission of air into the chamber.
  • a pair of atomizing devices 34, 36 of theultrasonic type i.e., atomization of the liquid is effected by high frequency vibrations
  • the atomization is effected by an ultrasonic technique, it is obvious that some additional means must be provided to induce the carrier vehicle flow through chamber 20.
  • Various means can effect the desired result as will be apparent. However, for illustrative purposes, in FIG.
  • the means is shown as being a simple fan 38 driven by a motor v40 to cause air flow through the opening 42 in the end of chamber 20.
  • the carrier vehicle is caused to flow by what may be termed forced aspiration, through the chamber 20 and over the serially arranged atomization devices 34, 36.
  • FIG. 4 there is disclosed a modification of the spray source which is applicable to any pneumatic nebulizer but, for simplicity is disclosed in combination with a Babington type of system.
  • the modification consists of placing an impact means in the path of the spray generated at the nozzle or spherical surface.
  • the impactor 48 is affixed by a support 46 so as to be directly aligned with the aperture 25 in the spherical plenum chamber 16.
  • the small particles ofliquid lifted from the dynamic film of liquid surrounding the outside spherical surface of sphere or plenum chamber 16 are carried into direct contact with impactor 48 and, due to their momentum are further broken up upon contact with the impactor 48.
  • the impactor 48 is a sphere.
  • a spray is generated having very small particles, it is these particles which are first absorbed or evaporated into the carrier vehicle to raise the moisture content or relative humidity thereof while the somewhat larger particles of spray are those which are physically carried along by the carrier vehicle. Much larger.
  • the carrier vehicle is preconditioned, i.e., it is close to its saturation point when it encounters the spray, the smaller droplets are not absorbed at a rapid rate but are suspended in the carrier gas and remain in droplet form to the point of application.
  • the discovery of this phenomenon gave rise to th conclusion that, if two spraying devices were arranged in series within a chamber such that the first device served to precondition the carrier vehicle, improved performance of any known spraying device could be anticipated since the physical number of suspended droplets of smaller size will be increased.
  • a large nonrespirable particle i.e., greater than 10 microns
  • a highly respirable particle of 2 or 3 microns
  • the two droplets were produced in a series configuration, with the front atomizer producing the larger particle and the rear atomizer producing the smaller particle; it is highly probable that the small particle would be sucked into oneof the void spaces in the mist produced by the front atomizer.
  • the larger or non-respirable particles produced by the first atomizer in the series never reach the spray plume of the forward or second atomizer, because their decaying trajectory causes them to rain-out. This serves to keep the nebulizer from becoming cluttered with non-respirable large particles, which in turn reduces the possibility of collision and agglomeration.
  • the relative velocity of the spray particles produced by the individual atomizers is reduced. Thispromotes more efficient droplet entrainment which in turn allows more liquid particles to be transported per volume of carrier air.
  • a method of spraying comprising the steps of providing a spray chamber, providing a first liquid atomizing means in said chamber, providing at least one-additional liquid atomizing device in said chamber in series with the first atomizing device, introducing carrier gas into said chamber so as to pass over the series oriented atomizing devices while confined within said chamber, simultaneously operating said atomizing devices to produce atomized liquid particles whereby the atomized particles from said first device are at least partially evaporated into the carrier gas prior to its passage over said additional atomizing devices and thereafter discharging said particle-laden carrier gas from said chamber.
  • a method of producing high density liquid sprays of particles on the order'of .10 microns or less comprising the steps of providing a moving stream of a carrier vehicle within a chamber, first introducing the liquid substance being sprayed into said carrier vehicle in atomized particle form whereby a portion of the particles are absorbed by said carrier vehicle while in said chamber and thereafter introducing additional amounts of the substance being aerosolized into the carrier vehicle in liquid particle form within said chamber, whereby the majority of particles last introduced into the carrier vehicle are retained and carried thereby to a point of i use in liquid particle form and discharging said particle-

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
US00255686A 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Method of spraying Expired - Lifetime US3790080A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25568672A 1972-05-22 1972-05-22

Publications (1)

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US3790080A true US3790080A (en) 1974-02-05

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US00255686A Expired - Lifetime US3790080A (en) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Method of spraying

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3790080A (Direct)
JP (1) JPS5628591B2 (Direct)
CA (1) CA972007A (Direct)
FR (1) FR2186005A5 (Direct)
GB (1) GB1439356A (Direct)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407450A (en) * 1980-10-30 1983-10-04 Chegolya Alexandr S Method of aerodynamic production of liquid and solid disperse aerosols
US6299735B1 (en) * 1998-08-12 2001-10-09 U.S. Aquasonics Corp. Method for solid-liquid separation in water-based solutions
US6432084B1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-08-13 Baxter International Inc. Non-newtonian fluid spray applicator and method
US20030002019A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2003-01-02 Seth Miller Lubricating micro-machined devices using fluorosurfactants
US6884230B1 (en) 1998-03-09 2005-04-26 Baxter International Inc. Dispensing head for a tissue sealant applicator and process of use
US6921380B1 (en) 1998-10-01 2005-07-26 Baxter International Inc. Component mixing catheter

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407450A (en) * 1980-10-30 1983-10-04 Chegolya Alexandr S Method of aerodynamic production of liquid and solid disperse aerosols
US6884230B1 (en) 1998-03-09 2005-04-26 Baxter International Inc. Dispensing head for a tissue sealant applicator and process of use
US6299735B1 (en) * 1998-08-12 2001-10-09 U.S. Aquasonics Corp. Method for solid-liquid separation in water-based solutions
US6921380B1 (en) 1998-10-01 2005-07-26 Baxter International Inc. Component mixing catheter
US6432084B1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-08-13 Baxter International Inc. Non-newtonian fluid spray applicator and method
US20030002019A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2003-01-02 Seth Miller Lubricating micro-machined devices using fluorosurfactants
US7291363B2 (en) * 2001-06-30 2007-11-06 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lubricating micro-machined devices using fluorosurfactants
US20080062496A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2008-03-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lubricating Micro-Machined Devices Using Fluorosurfactants
US7738154B2 (en) 2001-06-30 2010-06-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lubricating micro-machined devices using fluorosurfactants
US20100242258A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2010-09-30 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lubricating Micro-Machined Devices Using Fluorosurfactants
US8049946B2 (en) 2001-06-30 2011-11-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lubricating micro-machined devices using fluorosurfactants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1439356A (en) 1976-06-16
JPS5628591B2 (Direct) 1981-07-02
CA972007A (en) 1975-07-29
FR2186005A5 (Direct) 1974-01-04
JPS4943208A (Direct) 1974-04-23

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