US378885A - Tellurian - Google Patents

Description

s sheets-sheen 2. l C. W. HOLBROOK.

Y(No Model.)

TELLURIAN.

Patented Mar. 6, 1888.

Lamgnpner. wmingmn. n. c.

8 sheets-sheet '8.

(No Model.) 8

'G8 W. HoL'BRooK.

TBLLURIAN. No. 878,885. Patentd Mar. 8, 1888.

UNITED STATT-is PATENT Ormea.

vCHARLES W. HOLBROOK, OF WINDSOR LOCKS, CONNECTICUT.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,885, dated March 6, IESS.

Application filed December 3, 1887. Serial No. 256.879. (No model.\

.To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLEs W. Hor.- BRooK, of Windsor Locks, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tellurians, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, whereby any one skilled in the art can make and use the same.

The object of my invention is to provide a device that will illustrate, as closely as can be done by mechanism, the relations as to relative position and movement of the sun, the moon, and the earth, and to provide a device with certain attachments to more readily carry out the general object stated.

To this end my invention consists in the combination of the several parts making up the standard whereby the map of the zodiac is made removable and renewable.

It further consists in the combination of the stand, the globe representing the earth, the

rotary arm with the intermeshing gearing,

and the removable day-circle and night-shade having the peculiar attaching device.

It further consists in the combination of the standard, the globe representing the earth, the rotary arm borne on the standard, and the post supporting the lunar mechanism.

ltfurther consists in the combination of the standard having the circular base with the peripheral groove, the rotary arm bearing the pulley and marking device, and the belt by means of which the pulley is caused to make thirteen revolutions in completing one revolution about the central standard; and it further consists in the several parts making up the apparatus and in their combination, as more particularly hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a detail side view of my improved apparatus, arranged to represent the position of the earth with reference to the vertical rays of the sun at the summer solstice, and also showing the geographical distribution of darkness and light. Fig. 2 is a detail View, on enlarged scale, in cross-section, of the arm and the mechanism which supports the globe and the attachments, as shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a view on enlarged scale, in lengthwise section, of the parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail view in central vertical section of the standard. Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation of my improved apparatus, showing the arrangement of parts with-reference to the lunar mechanism. Fig. 6 is a detail view, on enlarged scale, of the parts making up what I have termed the lunar mechanism.77 Fig. 7 is a detail diagram view illustrating the variation in the relation of the plane of the moons orbit to the plane'of ecliptic' and the mechanical means by which the object is attained. Fig. 8 is a detail plan view of the de` vice, arranged to illustrate the track of the moon-s orbit with reference to the earths or bit. Fig. 9 is a detail side View of the marking device borne on the end of the arm. Fig. lO is a detail view illustrating the couplingjoint or means for attaching the lengtheningbar to the horizontal arm.

In the accompanying drawings the letter A denotes the base or standard that supports the entire mechanism,the frame a of the said standard being made, preferably, of metal cast to shape in skeleton form, having a central portion, a', rising from the flat ring o?. Cn this base may be secured a cover, a3, of thin metal, that may be suitably finished, as by plating or polishing. The lower edge of a downturned flange, at, of this cover rests upon the inner edge of the zodiacal circle b, that is an annular piece of paper or like material ou which are shown the signs of the zodiac. edge of this circle bis held by the inturned iiange cof the ring-clamp c that forms the outer edge of the base and is secured to the frame, as by means of pins or screws c2. By means of this construction of the parts all previous defects of fastening the map of the zodiac to a metal base are obviated, and the map can be at any time readily removed and replaced.

To the center of the base an upright post, D, is secured by means of a nut fitting from beneath the frame onto the threaded end of a stud that projects through a hole in the highest part and in the center of the standard, and, to this post D is secured a cog-wheel, d, and as a safety device to prevent this central post from turning, a pin, d', formed on the lower part of the gear, projects into a socket (see Fig. 4) in the upper part of the base. post D is pivoted thehorizontal arm E, supporting on one side the downturned pointer IOO On this forming the solar index c. The other end of the arm extends from thc center a convenient distance and supports the rotary sleeve e', having on its inner end a gear-wheel, e", in mesh with the gear-Wheel d, while on the outer end of this sleeve is secured a gear-wheel, e, that is adapted to mesh with a horizontal gear,f, that has fast to its upper side a hollow sleeve, j', by means of which it is pivoted to a post, f2, that is fast to the blockf, that is firmly secured to the outerend of the arm E.

The globe F, that represents the earth, is borne on an axis that is secured to the outer end of a short arm, g, this arm being provided with a socket that adapts it to fit upon the outside of the sleevef of the gearf, and to which it may be secured by means of the thumb-screw g.

The letter h denotes the day-circle-that is, a thin ring of metal rising from the base 7L- that has a circular socket, h2, that is open ou its upper side and is adapted to tit upon the block f3, that is shaped to fit within the socket h, the block having the outward-projecting stops or shoulders, f4, that prevent any rotation of the circle upon the block.

In a socket in the base of the day'circle 7L is seated a clamp-screw, h, by means of which the exact vertical position of the circle h, with reference to the globe representing the earth, maybe deter1nined-tl1at isuthe circle is capable of a certain longitudinal adjustment along the block to which it is fastened, as described, the circle of course being secured in place so that the side next the north pole shall be in a plane bisecting` the earth when in proper adjustment.

On a curved arm projecting from the ceuter of the day-circle is secured a ring of metal that is parallel to the day-circle and supports, on the side opposite the day-circle, a hollow segment of a sphere formed of a network of wire,which is intended and is used to repre sent the area of darkness. This night-shade is made of a net-work of fine wire in order that the surface of the earth beneath it may be seen and examined.

On the index side ofthe pivot D there is removably attached to the arm E a vertical rod, i, that supports an adjustable pointer, that is used to represent the central solar ray and to illustrate the point at which the said ray strikes the earth.

In order to adapt my improved apparatus to illustrate lunar phenomenon with reference to the earth, the latter is removed from the post on the outer end of the arm, and is attaehed to the top central post, D, ofthe standard. The day-circle and connected parts are removed from the arm, and to the upper and threaded end of the stud f Z is secured the lower end of the rod k, which is thus rigidly fixed to the outer end of the arm E. The tube k', that is mounted on this rod k, is, by means of a clamp-screw, 7a2, fastened to the sleeve f', that is fast to the cog-wheelf, so that the tube will turn with the cog-wheel. By means of the clamp 7a3, that consists of a block bearing a clamp-screw, 7a4, and a downturned pin, 7c, the small globe representing the moon M is connected to the rod k, so that while this moonglobe is held upon and outside of the tube k it does not turn with it. To the tube k', however, is secured the hemispherical shade Z by means of the clamp-screw Z, and this shade surrounds and in part incloses that part of the moon which is opposite to the earth, as shown in Fig. 5. The object of this arrangement of the lunar mechanism L is, however, to correctl y represent at all times with reference to the earth the relative illumination and obsour-ation of the moous surface by the proper tints, all ofthe moous phases during one complete revolution of the moon about the earth being correctly indicated with reference to any point of the earths surface. The lunar index Z is formed of a bent piece of wire, the upper arm of which is thrust through a hole in the thumb-nut l, while the lower arm hangs in a horizontal line directly opposite the center of the moon and in a horizontal plane passing through the center of the moon and of the earth, in which plane the sun, earth, and moon are supposed to be located, and which is termed the plane of the ecliptic.

In order to remove the difficulty that has existed in prior devices in explaining the recurrence ofthe nodes of the moon and the fact that the maximum distance of moonrise and moonset north and south of the equator is fiftyseven degrees, and that the nodes of the moonthat is, the points at which the moons orbit crosses the plane of the ecliptic-are not fixed, and that they relate solely to the plane ofthe ecliptic, and not to the equator, the arm g is provided with the pin g2, adapted to fit into a socket in the upper end of the post D. The angle that this pin r/L makes with the axis of the earth is twenty-eight and one-half degrees, which is tive degrees more than the inclination of the earths axis to the plane of the ecliptic. By attaching the globe to the post by means of" the pin g2 and giving to the earths axis this increased inclination we get the same result which would be obtained by leaving the earth in the normal position and inelining the plane of the moons orbit with relation to the plane of the ecliptic. The latter, however, would compel the use of complicated mechanism, whereas by the simple means above described the several relative movements ofthe earth and moon may be observed and the moons nodes accurately and astronomically ascertained by means of the lunar index.

In Fig. 8 the letter u denotes a lengtheningbar that is secured to the end of the arm E, the outer end of the bar bearing a shaft, u', on the lower end of which is apulley, u2, this pulley being about one-thirteenth the diameter of the base of the stand A. The periphery of this circular base of the stand is grooved, and a belt or cord lits within this groove and into a groove in the pulley n, so that as the armis turned the pulley will be rotated on its shaft IOO the moon.

n. Through the hollow of the shaft n a pencil is thrust, and its point will designate the annual path of the earth around the sun, or the earths orbit o. A pencil, p, borne in a socket in the pulley n2, may be caused to make a line which will represent the track of the moons orbit o', the pencil, for the time being and for the purposes of the illustration, representing By this simple mechanism this phenomenon can be graphically and clearly explained to a class.

In Fig. 10 there is shown a coupling device for securing the lengtheninglbar n to the end of the arm E; and it consists of the cylindrical socket-piece a3, having a lengthwise slot, n4, through its upper wall and firmly secured to the end of the bar a, and adapted to slip onto the block f3, in a manner similar to that in which the base of the day-circle is secured to the like block. It is to be understood, however, that when the lengthening-bar is used the day-circle is removed. This coupling is provided with the clamp-screw a5, as a means of securing it to the block.

I claim as my improvemen`t 4 1. In combination with the stand of a tellurian having the marginal ring, the removable annular map of the zodiac, and the clamp whereby the map is secured to the stand, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, in a tellurian, the stand consisting of the frame having an annular rim,

the raised central portion, the cover of the frame with its downturned ange, the ringclamp and its ange, and the annular map of the zodiacal circle, all substantially as described. Y t

3. In combination with the metallic frame a, having the flat marginal ring c2 and raised central part, a', the cover a3, the annular map b, the ring=clamp with clamping-edge engaging the map, and the fastening-pins, all substantially as described.

4. In combination with the stand A, having 'the removable annular map b of the zodiacal circle,the post D, secured to the center of the stand and bearing the rigid cog wheel d, the rotary arm E, the solar index e, attached to the arm, the rotary sleeve c', bearing the cog-wheels el and e3, the block f3, fastfto the arm E and bearing the rotary cog-wheel f, and the arm g, supporting the globe F and removably secured to the sleeve of the cog-wheel f, all substantially as described.

5. In combination with the base A, rotary arm E, rotary cog-wheel f,borneon a stud on the arm E,the arm g, the block f3, pivoted on a n axis fast to the arm, and the removable daycircle h,removably secured to the outer end of the arm E and bearing the nightshade made of a network of wire, all substantially as described.

6. In combination with the rotary arm E of a tellurian, the block f3, secured thereto, the

tially as described.

8. In combination with the base A, having the central post, D, the rotary arm E,pivoted on said post, the solar index e, the rotary sleeve e,bearing the gears e2 e3,the arm g,with socket adapted to fit upon the post D and supporting the globe F, and the lunar mechanism L, all substantially as described.

9. In a tellurian, in combination with thc rotary arm E,supporting the rotary sleeve e', with the sleeve-driving mechanism of intermeshing gear-wheels, the central post, 7c, secured against rotation to a rigid projection on the arm E,the clamp k3, connecting the moonglobe M with the central post, 7c, and the rotary tube k', supported on the post 7c and bearin the hemispherical hollow shade Z, all substantially as described.

10. In combination with the stand A, bearing the fixed gear-wheel d, the rotary arm E, pivoted to said base, the solar index e, attached to the rotary arm, the rotary sleeve e,bearing the gear-wheels e e3 and supported on said arm, the lunar mechanism L, detachably secured to a rigid projection on the outer end of the arm, the lunar index Z2, supported on the central post of the lunar mechanism, and the arm g, removably secured to a central post on the stand and supporting the globe F, all substantially as described.

11. In combination with the base or stand A, the rotary arm E,thelunar mechanism operated on the outer end of the arm, and the globe F, supported on the arm g, having one socket in a line at an angle of twenty-three and onehalf degrees with the axis of the globe, and another making an angle of twenty-eight and one-half degrees with the axis of the globe, and whereby the said arm may be removably secured to the central post rising from the base or standard A, all substantially as described.

12. In combination with the base A, having a peripheral groove, the rotary arm E, the extension n, secured to said arm and bearing on its outer end a shaft, n,with rotary pulley n2, having an annular groove and supporting a pencil, p, and the cord or belt connecting the .roo

IIO

said base andthe pulley, all substantially as Witnesses:

GEORGE G. HADDOW, A. B. J nNxINs.

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