US3784275A - Method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3784275A US3784275A US00245252A US3784275DA US3784275A US 3784275 A US3784275 A US 3784275A US 00245252 A US00245252 A US 00245252A US 3784275D A US3784275D A US 3784275DA US 3784275 A US3784275 A US 3784275A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- phosphorous
- filament
- oxynitride
- suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(=O)C=C1 AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOPJVJYWEDDOBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynephosphane Chemical compound P#N AOPJVJYWEDDOBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
Definitions
- a getter on the filament generally red phosphorus or a mixture of red phosphorus and cryolite.
- the stem and the filament provided with a getter is mounted in the envelope.
- the lamp is evacuated, filled with a gas, if a gas-filled lamp is concerned, and sealed. Subsequently the lamp is operated while the red phosphorus is evaporated and chemically reacts with oxygen residues still present in the lamp.
- P N is mixed with a finely divided metal for the purpose of enhancing the decomposition of P- N in phosphorus and nitrogen and for reducing the formation of volatile PN.
- An object of the invention is to use a phosphoruscontaining material which need not be mixed with other materials so as to enhance the gettering action.
- the method of manufacturing both gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps in which a phosphorus compound provided in the lamp during manufacture is decomposed after the lamp has been sealed is characterized in that phosphorus oxynitride (PON) is decomposed in the lamp.
- PON phosphorus oxynitride
- Phosphorus oxynitride is found to be very suitable for the envisaged object. It decomposes at temperatures of more than approximately l,000C in phosphorous nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide. It is chemically nonreactive or little reactive at room temperature and it does not react noticeably with water vapour. It is an amorphous white powder which can be easily obtained in a form in which it is suspensible.
- Various methods of manufacturing phosphorous oxynitride are known from literature. It may be obtained, for example, by heating phosphorous oxytriamide (PO (NH in a vacuum or in the absence of air.
- Phosphorous oxynitride is preferably provided on the filament of an incandescent lamp. To this end a suspension is prepared in a volatile organic solvent. This suspension may be obtained, for example, as follows.
- a solvent of cellulose nitrate (12 percent by weight of nitrogen) in methylisobutylketone comprising 39 gms of-cellulose nitrate per litre is prepared.
- a quantity of 8 gms of phosphorous oxynitride is added per litre to this solution and the entire quantity is ground for 24 hours in a ball mill.
- a blackening-preventing getter such as cryolite may be added to the suspension.
- the suspension may be provided on the filament in the conventional manner, for example, by immersing the filament mounted on the current conductors of the stem into the suspension.
- the solvent is subsequently evaporated, for example, by placing the filament in a hot air-stream.
- the stem is subsequently sealed to the envelope.
- the lamp is then evacuated and, if a gasfilled lamp is concerned, it is filled with an inert gas such as argon, crypton, nitrogen or a mixture of argon and nitrogen.
- the lamp is then sealed and is provided with a suitable base having end contacts to which the current conductors are secured.
- the lamp is operated at avoltage at which the filament reaches at least a temperature at which phosphorous oxynitride decomposes while'forming phosphorus, phosphorous pentoxide and nitrogen. Since phosphorous pentoxide is formed during .this decomposition, water vapour residues in the lamp are rapidly gettered. The phosphorous evolving during decomposition serves to neutralize oxygen residues in the lamp.
- a method of manufacturing gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps comprising the steps of:
- the method of claim 2 also including the step of operating the lamp at a voltage at which the filament at least reaches a temperature at which phosphorous Joxynitride decomposes while forming phosphorous,
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
An incandescent lamp which comprises phosphorus as a getter obtained by decomposition of phosphrus oxynitride (PON) in the lamp.
Description
United States Patent [191 [111 3,784,275 Wiedijk Jan. 8, 1974 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN INCANDESCENT LAMP Inventor: Piet Wiedijk, Emmasingel,
Eindhoven, Netherlands Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation, New
York, NY. Filed: Apr. 18, 1972 Appl. No.: 245,252
Foreign Application Priority Data References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,475,072 10/1969 Graves 316/3 1,612,661 12/1926 Sproesser.. 316/18 1,644,712 10/1927 Graaffe 252/1812 1,817,333 8/1931 Zons... 316/25 X Primary Examiner-Roy Lake Assistant Examiner-J. W. Davie Attorney-Frank R. Trifari' [57 ABS'fRACT An incandescent lamp which comprises phosphorus as a getter obtained by decomposition of phosphrus oxynitride (PON) in the lamp.
4 Claims, No Drawings 1" METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN INCANDESCENT LAMP The invention relates to the manufacture of both gasfilled and vacuum incandescent lamps.
In the manufacture of incandescent lamps it is common practice to provide a getter on the filament, generally red phosphorus or a mixture of red phosphorus and cryolite. The stem and the filament provided with a getter is mounted in the envelope. The lamp is evacuated, filled with a gas, if a gas-filled lamp is concerned, and sealed. Subsequently the lamp is operated while the red phosphorus is evaporated and chemically reacts with oxygen residues still present in the lamp.
During mounting of the stem and evacuation the envelope is generally heated to a temperature of between has been proposed to use PgN as a getter. P N
decomposes at temperatures of more than approximately 750 C in phosphorus and nitrogen and at room temperature it is chemically inactive. Its gettering action may be enhanced by mixing it with aslight quantity i of a material which supplies oxygen upon heating. Its purpose is to obtain rapid formation of a slight quantity of P 0 when P N is decomposed in the'lamp. As is known P 0 is a very satisfactory water vapour getter.
According toanother proposal P N is mixed with a finely divided metal for the purpose of enhancing the decomposition of P- N in phosphorus and nitrogen and for reducing the formation of volatile PN.
An object of the invention is to use a phosphoruscontaining material which need not be mixed with other materials so as to enhance the gettering action.
According to the invention the method of manufacturing both gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps in which a phosphorus compound provided in the lamp during manufacture is decomposed after the lamp has been sealed is characterized in that phosphorus oxynitride (PON) is decomposed in the lamp.
Phosphorus oxynitride is found to be very suitable for the envisaged object. It decomposes at temperatures of more than approximately l,000C in phosphorous nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide. It is chemically nonreactive or little reactive at room temperature and it does not react noticeably with water vapour. It is an amorphous white powder which can be easily obtained in a form in which it is suspensible. Various methods of manufacturing phosphorous oxynitride are known from literature. It may be obtained, for example, by heating phosphorous oxytriamide (PO (NH in a vacuum or in the absence of air.
Phosphorous oxynitride is preferably provided on the filament of an incandescent lamp. To this end a suspension is prepared in a volatile organic solvent. This suspension may be obtained, for example, as follows.
A solvent of cellulose nitrate (12 percent by weight of nitrogen) in methylisobutylketone comprising 39 gms of-cellulose nitrate per litre is prepared. A quantity of 8 gms of phosphorous oxynitride is added per litre to this solution and the entire quantity is ground for 24 hours in a ball mill. If desired, a blackening-preventing getter such as cryolite may be added to the suspension.
The suspension may be provided on the filament in the conventional manner, for example, by immersing the filament mounted on the current conductors of the stem into the suspension. The solvent is subsequently evaporated, for example, by placing the filament in a hot air-stream. The stem is subsequently sealed to the envelope. The lamp is then evacuated and, if a gasfilled lamp is concerned, it is filled with an inert gas such as argon, crypton, nitrogen or a mixture of argon and nitrogen. The lamp is then sealed and is provided with a suitable base having end contacts to which the current conductors are secured.
The lamp is operated at avoltage at which the filament reaches at least a temperature at which phosphorous oxynitride decomposes while'forming phosphorus, phosphorous pentoxide and nitrogen. Since phosphorous pentoxide is formed during .this decomposition, water vapour residues in the lamp are rapidly gettered. The phosphorous evolving during decomposition serves to neutralize oxygen residues in the lamp.
During tests measuring the average lifetime of the lamps, the number of lumens per watt and the percentage of lumens per watt after three-fourths of the lifetime it was found that phosphorus oxynitride and phosphorous nitride (P N yield much better results than are achievable with red phosphorus However, as compared with P N the use of phosphprus oxynitride has the following advantages:
During decomposition the formation of phosphorous pentoxide takes place immediately so that water vapour is rapidly gettered. As regards P N this is only possible after part of the evolved phosphorus has reacted with oxygen until a hygroscopic phosphorous oxide is formed. A
What is claimed is:
1. In a method of manufacturing gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps in which a phosphorous compound which is provided in the lamp during manufacture is decomposed after the lamp is sealed, the improvement being the steps of introducing phosphorus oxynitride into the ,lamp during manufacture and decomposing said phosphorous oxynitride after the lamp has been sealed.
2. A method of manufacturing gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps comprising the steps of:
preparing a solution of cellulose nitrate in methylisobutylketone;
adding to said solution a predetermined quantity of phosphorous oxynitride;
grinding said solution containing phosphorous oxynitride to form a suspension;
providing said suspension on a filament to be used in an incandescent lamp;
evaporating the solvent from the suspension provided on said filament;
sealing a stern carrying said filament to the envelope;
evacuating said lamp; and
sealing said lamp.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said cellulose nitrate comprises 12 percent by weight of nitrogen, said solvent-of methylisobutylketone comprises 39 grams of cellulose nitrate per liter and a quantity of 8 grams of phosphorous oxynitride is added per liter of solution.
4. The method of claim 2 also including the step of operating the lamp at a voltage at which the filament at least reaches a temperature at which phosphorous Joxynitride decomposes while forming phosphorous,
phosphorous pentoxide and nitrogen.
Claims (3)
- 2. A method of manufacturing gas-filled and vacuum incandescent lamps comprising the steps of: preparing a solution of cellulose nitrate in methylisobutylketone; adding to said solution a predetermined quantity of phosphorous oxynitride; grinding said solution containing phosphorous oxynitride to form a suspension; providing said suspension on a filament to be used in an incandescent lamp; evaporating the solvent from the suspension provided on said filament; sealing a stem carrying said filament to the envelope; evacuating said lamp; and sealing said lamp.
- 3. The method of claim 2 wherein said cellulose nitrate comprises 12 percent by weight of nitrogen, said solvent of methylisobutylketone comprises 39 grams of cellulose nitrate per liter and a quantity of 8 grams of phosphorous oxynitride is added per liter of solution.
- 4. The method of claim 2 also including the step of operating the lamp at a voltage at which the filament at least reaches a temperature at which phosphorous oxynitride decomposes while forming phosphorous, phosphorous pentoxide and nitrogen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7105839A NL7105839A (en) | 1971-04-29 | 1971-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3784275A true US3784275A (en) | 1974-01-08 |
Family
ID=19813035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00245252A Expired - Lifetime US3784275A (en) | 1971-04-29 | 1972-04-18 | Method of manufacturing an incandescent lamp |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3784275A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5229546B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA946457A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2217531B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2136770A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1318168A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7105839A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4727286A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1988-02-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Electric lamp including oxygen getter |
| EP0295592A2 (en) * | 1987-06-13 | 1988-12-21 | Knut Otto Sassmannshausen | Electric lamp |
| US20070210715A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-09-13 | Foundation For Advancement Of International Science | Vacuum Tube And Vacuum Tube Manufacturing Apparatus And Method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1612661A (en) * | 1923-07-16 | 1926-12-28 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Introduction of hygroscopic material into evacuated devices |
| US1644712A (en) * | 1922-04-27 | 1927-10-11 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp |
| US1817333A (en) * | 1929-02-13 | 1931-08-04 | American Neon Light Corp | Method of preparing luminescent tubes |
| US3475072A (en) * | 1967-05-19 | 1969-10-28 | Gen Electric | Getter for incandescent lamps and similar devices |
-
1971
- 1971-04-29 NL NL7105839A patent/NL7105839A/xx unknown
-
1972
- 1972-04-12 DE DE19722217531 patent/DE2217531B2/en active Granted
- 1972-04-18 US US00245252A patent/US3784275A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-04-26 JP JP47042084A patent/JPS5229546B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-04-26 GB GB1935672A patent/GB1318168A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-04-28 FR FR7215200A patent/FR2136770A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-04-28 CA CA140,804A patent/CA946457A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1644712A (en) * | 1922-04-27 | 1927-10-11 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp |
| US1612661A (en) * | 1923-07-16 | 1926-12-28 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Introduction of hygroscopic material into evacuated devices |
| US1817333A (en) * | 1929-02-13 | 1931-08-04 | American Neon Light Corp | Method of preparing luminescent tubes |
| US3475072A (en) * | 1967-05-19 | 1969-10-28 | Gen Electric | Getter for incandescent lamps and similar devices |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4727286A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1988-02-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Electric lamp including oxygen getter |
| EP0295592A2 (en) * | 1987-06-13 | 1988-12-21 | Knut Otto Sassmannshausen | Electric lamp |
| EP0295592A3 (en) * | 1987-06-13 | 1991-01-02 | Knut Otto Sassmannshausen | Electric lamp |
| US20070210715A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-09-13 | Foundation For Advancement Of International Science | Vacuum Tube And Vacuum Tube Manufacturing Apparatus And Method |
| US8502450B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2013-08-06 | Foundation For Advancement Of International Science | Vacuum tube and vacuum tube manufacturing apparatus and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2217531B2 (en) | 1976-07-15 |
| DE2217531A1 (en) | 1972-11-09 |
| NL7105839A (en) | 1972-10-31 |
| GB1318168A (en) | 1973-05-23 |
| CA946457A (en) | 1974-04-30 |
| JPS5229546B1 (en) | 1977-08-02 |
| FR2136770A5 (en) | 1972-12-22 |
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