US3782910A - Production of wax heaters - Google Patents
Production of wax heaters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3782910A US3782910A US00053647A US3782910DA US3782910A US 3782910 A US3782910 A US 3782910A US 00053647 A US00053647 A US 00053647A US 3782910D A US3782910D A US 3782910DA US 3782910 A US3782910 A US 3782910A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- container
- containers
- slack
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2720/00—Engines with liquid fuel
- F02B2720/12—Four stroke engines with ignition device
- F02B2720/124—Four stroke engines with ignition device with measures for charging, increasing the power
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for the production of wax heaters.
- BP Case DNL.2681 discloses an orchard heater comprising a container containing a wax composition, the sides of the container being formed of a flame-retardant material the rate of combustion of which is lower than that of the wax composition, the base of the container being formed of a combustible material.
- British patent specification 1,126,014 discloses an article of manufacture comprising a fire-resistant container having an open end and a heating composition consisting essentially of 90-99.9% by weight of a wax component containing 01-10% by weight of a buoyant particulate material component in contact with the wax in the container.
- Slack wax is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of lubricating oils and asphalts. It comprises a mixture of parafiin wax and normally liquid hydrocarbons. When poured hot and allowed to cool it tends to separate into a solid or semisolid phase and a liquid phase. Furthermore if containers are to be filled with molten wax, they must be made stronger than is necessary to hold the wax when it is solidified. When the wax heater is lit only a small proportion of the wax is molten so that the greatest strain on the container is when molten wax is used to fill it. i
- a process for the production of Wax filled heaters which process comprises homogenizing solid slack wax and filling a container with the homogenized slack wax composition.
- the homogenization of the slack wax is achieved by mechanically working the solid slack wax.
- This mechanical working converts the solid wax into a product which has some of the properties of a viscous liquid in that it can flow to take up the shape of a container into which it is poured, even though the mechanically worked wax is at ambient temperatures.
- the mechanical working converts the wax into a fluid with non-Newtonian flow properties.
- the homogenization may be achieved by any convenient method of mechanically working the wax. Thus 3,782,910 Patented Jan. 1, 1974 cold slack wax may be milled in a pug mill, or it may be introduced into special pumps capable of handling very viscous materials. Alternatively, homogenization may be achieved by the use of shear or extrusion homogenizers.
- the container into which the homogenized wax is introduced may have a side wall of a flame-retardant material, e.g. card covered with aluminium foil, the rate of combustion of which is lower than that of the wax composition, the base of the container being formed of a combustible material e.g. plastics material as disclosed in copending application, Case DNL.2681.
- a flame-retardant material e.g. card covered with aluminium foil
- the rate of combustion of which is lower than that of the wax composition the base of the container being formed of a combustible material e.g. plastics material as disclosed in copending application, Case DNL.2681.
- Hot slack wax from a storage tank was passed to the surface of a rotary cooling drum from which the cooled solid wax was removed by a scraper. It was then fed to a solids pump, which was a Comet 4 inch heavy duty positive displacement pump modified to have a 5 inch inlet, and pumped through a tube into cardboard containers covered with aluminium foil. Despite the fact that the Wax was well below its melting point, the containers were satisfactorily filled in a uniform manner. No shrinkage of the Wax and no separation of wax and oil occurred. The filled containers could be immediately fitted with lids and removed from the vicinity of the filling plant for storage.
- EXAMPLE 2 This is a comparative example not according to the invention.
- Containers of the type used in Example 1 were filled with molten slack wax. It was found necessary to allow the containers to stand for 8 hours to allow the wax to cool and solidify. It was then necessary to add further quantities of molten wax to the containers to make up for shrinkage, and to allow the containers to cool down over a further 8 hour period before the containers could be stacked on pallets. It was observed that the molten wax caused the board from which the containers were made to soften so that thicker walls are required using molten wax if the container is to have adequate strength during filling.
- a process for the production of wax filled heaters which comprises homogenizing solid slack wax and filling a container with the homogenized slack wax composition at ambient temperatures.
- the container comprises a side wall of card covered with aluminium foil and a base of plastics material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
WAX FILLED HEATERS ARE PRODUCED BY HOMOGENIZING SOLID SLACK WAX AND FILLING A CONTAINER WITH HOMOGENIZED SLACK WAX.
Description
United States Patent US. CI. 44-40 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Wax filled heaters are produced by homogenizing solid slack wax and filling a container with homogenized slack wax.
This invention relates to a process for the production of wax heaters.
Our copending application, BP Case DNL.2681 discloses an orchard heater comprising a container containing a wax composition, the sides of the container being formed of a flame-retardant material the rate of combustion of which is lower than that of the wax composition, the base of the container being formed of a combustible material.
British patent specification 1,126,014 discloses an article of manufacture comprising a fire-resistant container having an open end and a heating composition consisting essentially of 90-99.9% by weight of a wax component containing 01-10% by weight of a buoyant particulate material component in contact with the wax in the container.
Up to the present, such heaters have been prepared by pouring hot molten Wax into a container and allowing the wax to cool. Unfortunately, wax shrinks on cooling and thus the container must be topped up with more wax in a second stage operation, with a lengthy cooling period intervening. A further problem is involved if the material known as slack wax is employed. Slack wax is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of lubricating oils and asphalts. It comprises a mixture of parafiin wax and normally liquid hydrocarbons. When poured hot and allowed to cool it tends to separate into a solid or semisolid phase and a liquid phase. Furthermore if containers are to be filled with molten wax, they must be made stronger than is necessary to hold the wax when it is solidified. When the wax heater is lit only a small proportion of the wax is molten so that the greatest strain on the container is when molten wax is used to fill it. i
We have now discovered a process which enables containers to be filled by slack wax without the use of molten Wax in a one-stage operation Without cooling, shrinking or phase separation problems arising.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided a process for the production of Wax filled heaters which process comprises homogenizing solid slack wax and filling a container with the homogenized slack wax composition.
The homogenization of the slack wax is achieved by mechanically working the solid slack wax. This mechanical working converts the solid wax into a product which has some of the properties of a viscous liquid in that it can flow to take up the shape of a container into which it is poured, even though the mechanically worked wax is at ambient temperatures. The mechanical working converts the wax into a fluid with non-Newtonian flow properties. The homogenization may be achieved by any convenient method of mechanically working the wax. Thus 3,782,910 Patented Jan. 1, 1974 cold slack wax may be milled in a pug mill, or it may be introduced into special pumps capable of handling very viscous materials. Alternatively, homogenization may be achieved by the use of shear or extrusion homogenizers.
The container into which the homogenized wax is introduced may have a side wall of a flame-retardant material, e.g. card covered with aluminium foil, the rate of combustion of which is lower than that of the wax composition, the base of the container being formed of a combustible material e.g. plastics material as disclosed in copending application, Case DNL.2681. The use of the process of the present invention avoids the problems of shrinkage and phase separation referred to above. Furthermore the possible hazards of having to handle containers full of hot wax, and the problems of finding space to store the heaters until the wax is cool, are avoided.
The invention will now be illustrated by reference to the accompanying examples.
EXAMPLE 1 Hot slack wax from a storage tank was passed to the surface of a rotary cooling drum from which the cooled solid wax was removed by a scraper. It was then fed to a solids pump, which was a Comet 4 inch heavy duty positive displacement pump modified to have a 5 inch inlet, and pumped through a tube into cardboard containers covered with aluminium foil. Despite the fact that the Wax was well below its melting point, the containers were satisfactorily filled in a uniform manner. No shrinkage of the Wax and no separation of wax and oil occurred. The filled containers could be immediately fitted with lids and removed from the vicinity of the filling plant for storage. Similar results were obtained by extruding wax using a pug-mill with a perforated plate and transporting the resulting semi-liquid product to fill the containers using any one of a variety of positive displacement pumps e.g. a Mirrles Tirro rotary screw positive displacement pump V 338:.
EXAMPLE 2 This is a comparative example not according to the invention. Containers of the type used in Example 1 were filled with molten slack wax. It was found necessary to allow the containers to stand for 8 hours to allow the wax to cool and solidify. It was then necessary to add further quantities of molten wax to the containers to make up for shrinkage, and to allow the containers to cool down over a further 8 hour period before the containers could be stacked on pallets. It was observed that the molten wax caused the board from which the containers were made to soften so that thicker walls are required using molten wax if the container is to have adequate strength during filling. It will be realized that in addition to the economic penalty of having to provide stronger containers when using molten wax, there will be additional costs arising from the extra handling of the container needed because of the topping up of the container with molten wax required to compensate for shrinkage in the wax originally added. Furthermore the filling area must be very large to allow the containers containing molten wax to be set out for cooling before they can be removed for storage. If the molten wax filling plant is operated during the day only, the production on the first day will not be ready for topping-up with further molten Wax till the second day, and will not be ready for removal to storage till the third day. Floor space for storing 3 days production of wax filled containers in the filling area is therefore required.
I claim:
1. A process for the production of wax filled heaters which comprises homogenizing solid slack wax and filling a container with the homogenized slack wax composition at ambient temperatures.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the slack wax is homogenized by being mechanically worked in a pump.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the slack wax is homogenized by being mechanically worked in a 10 pug mill.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the container into which the wax is filled has a side wall of flame-retardant material, and a base of combustion material.
5. A process according to claim 4 wherein the container comprises a side wall of card covered with aluminium foil and a base of plastics material.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Van Tassel, Jr 241-30 Hopkins 241-30 Voorhees 106270 Schiermeier et a1. 20821 X Olson 20821 X Bel-ak et al. 44-40 X Ambrose et a1 4440 Hicks 44--7.5 X
US. Cl. X.R.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION BP 3049 Patent No. 782 910 Dated January 1 1974 lnventoflw EDWARD BARNES It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent arehereby corrected as shown below:
Claim 4, line 3, thereof, change "combustion" to --combustible-.
Signed and sealed this 9th day of A r-i 19m.
(SEA Attest:
' EDWARD DLFLETCHERJR. 0. MARSHALL DANN Atte sting Officer Commissioner of Patents i
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3744670 | 1970-05-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3782910A true US3782910A (en) | 1974-01-01 |
Family
ID=10396539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00053647A Expired - Lifetime US3782910A (en) | 1970-05-29 | 1970-07-09 | Production of wax heaters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3782910A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1324394A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102061999A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-05-18 | 重庆润通动力有限公司 | Engine with automatic carburetor throttle control device |
-
1970
- 1970-07-09 US US00053647A patent/US3782910A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-08-03 GB GB3744670A patent/GB1324394A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102061999A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-05-18 | 重庆润通动力有限公司 | Engine with automatic carburetor throttle control device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1324394A (en) | 1973-07-25 |
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