US3779640A - Heating apparatus for scan lamp - Google Patents

Heating apparatus for scan lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3779640A
US3779640A US00297520A US3779640DA US3779640A US 3779640 A US3779640 A US 3779640A US 00297520 A US00297520 A US 00297520A US 3779640D A US3779640D A US 3779640DA US 3779640 A US3779640 A US 3779640A
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light source
temperature
recited
end portion
heating means
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US00297520A
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English (en)
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W Kidd
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
    • G03G15/04036—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to an electrophotographic printing machine, and more particularly concerns an illuminating apparatus having the spectral en ergy distribution of the light rays being disseminated therefrom substantially constant.
  • a photoconductive surface is uniformly charged and exposed to a light image of an original document. Exposure of the photoconductive surface records thereon an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the original document. The electrostatic latent image is then rendered visible by depositing thereon toner particles which adhere electrostatically thereto in image configuration. Subsequently, the toner powder image is transferred to a sheet of support material which may be plain paper or a transparent thermoplastic material, amongst others. The toner powder image is, then, permanently affixed to the support material, thereby providing a copy of the original document.
  • Multi-color electrophotographic printing is substantially the same as the heretofore discussed process with the following distinctions.
  • the light image is filtered producing a single color light image which is a partial light image of the original.
  • the foregoing single color light image exposes the charged photoconductive surface recording thereon a single color electrostatic latent image.
  • This single color latent image is developed with toner particles of a color complementary to the single color light image.
  • the single color toner powder image is transferred to the support material.
  • the foregoing process is repeated a plurality of cycles with difi'erently colored light images and the respective complementary colored toner particles.
  • Each single colored toner powder image is transferred to the support material in superimposed registration with the prior toner powder image to form a composite multipowder image thereon.
  • This multi-color powder image is coalesced and permanently affixed to the support material.
  • the spectral characteristics of the illuminating apparatus are critical.
  • the spectral energy distribution of the light source in the illuminating apparatus remains substantially constant. Thisis desirable to insure that the filtered light image has the specified bandwidth and amplitude.
  • the photoconductive member is designed to be responsive to the bandwidth and amplitude of the light image being transmitted through the filter. Variations in bandwidth and/or amplitude will create variations in the color balance of the reproduction.
  • a typical light source may be a tri-phosphor fluorescent lamp. This type of lamp is arranged to have peak energy outputs at the blue, green and red wavelengths. The corresponding filters are arranged to permit a single color light image topass therethrough. Hence, a blue filter only permits the blue light image to be transmitted therethrough, a red filter only a red light image and a green filter only a green light image. It is apparent that if the spectral energy distribution of the lamp should vary, the amplitude and/or bandwidth of the filtered light image may be changed. For example, if the spectral energy distribution of the lamp varies such that the blue light image is of a too narrow a bandwidth and- /or of a low amplitude, a weak blue light image will be formed.
  • This weak blue image will, in turn, record a weak electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive member, and the complementary toner powder image will be course be weak.
  • the toner powder images complementary to the red and green filtered light images will be of normal strength resulting in the copy having a distorted color balance.
  • Fluorescent lamps generally are sensitive to thermal variations in the surrounding environment.
  • Typical fluorescent lamps have a discrete amount of liquid mercury deposited within a phosphor coated lamp bulb.
  • the mercury is vaporized to a very low pressure generating a mercury line radiation at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. This radiation is absorbed by the phosphor coating producing radiation in the visible spectrum.
  • the spectral energy distribution of the lamp is a function of the 253.7 nm mercury line radiation, which, in turn, is a function of the mercury vapor pressure within the lamp bulb.
  • the mercury vapor pressure is dependent upon the lamp bulb temperature.
  • amplitude and/or the bandwidth of the respective spectral energy outputs from the lamp are dependent upon temperature gradients.
  • an illuminating apparatus in which the spectral energy distribution therefrom is maintained substantially constant.
  • a light source having heating means entrained about a portion of the exterior peripheral surface thereof.
  • cooling means spaced from the light source, are provided. Regulating means control the cooling and heating means to maintain the light source substantially at a predetermined temperature. In this manner, the spectral energy distribution of the light rays emitted from the light source are unaffected by thermal disturbances and remains substantially constant.
  • FIG. I is a schematic perspective view of an electrophotographic printing machine having the present invention therein;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the illuminating apparatus incorporated in the FIG. 1 printing machine
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the light source utilized in the FIG. 2 illuminating apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the components of an electrophotographic printing machine for producing multi-color copies from a colored original.
  • the electrophotographic printing machine particularly adapted to utilize the present invention, includes a rotatably mounted drum having a photoconductive surface 12 thereon.
  • Drum 10 is mounted on a shaft journaled in the printing machine frame to rotate in the direction indicated by arrow 14 causing photoconductive surface 12 to pass sequentially through processing stations A through E, inclusive.
  • drum 10 rotates in the direction of arrow 14 to move photoconductive surface 12 through charging station A.
  • Charging station A has positioned thereat a corona generating device indicated generally at 16.
  • corona generating device 16 is arranged to extend in a generally transverse direction across photoconductive surface 12.
  • Corona generating device 16 charges photoconductivesurface 12 to a relatively high substantially uniform potential.
  • US. Pat. No. 2,778,946 issued to Mayo in 1957 describes a typical corona generating device which may be suitable for use in a multi-color electrophotographic printing machine.
  • drum 10 rotates to exposure station B.
  • photoconductive surface 12 is exposed to a single color light image of the original document.
  • a moving lens system, gener ally designated by the reference numeral 18, and a color filter mechanism, shown generally at 20 are positioned at exposure station B.
  • One type of moving lens system suitable for the electrostatographic printing machine of FIG. 1 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,062,108 issued to Mayo in 1962.
  • Original document 22 is supported stationarily upon transparent viewing platen 24.
  • the lamp assembly, indicated generally at 25, includes a pair of lamps 26, associated with lens system 18. Lamps 26 move in a timed relation with drum 10 scanning successive incremental areas of original document 22 positioned upon platen 24.
  • filter mechanism 20 interposes selected colored filters into the optical light path of lens 18.
  • the color filter operates on the light rays transmitted through lens 18 to record a single color electrostatic latent image on photoconductive surface 12 corresponding to a preselected spectral region of the electromagnetic wave spectrum.
  • Development station C includes three individual developer units, generally indicated by the reference numerals 28, 30 and 32, re-
  • a suitable development system utilizing a plurality of developer units is disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 255,259 filed in 1972.
  • the developer units are all magnetic brush development units.
  • Typical magnetic brush developer units utilize a magnetizable developer mix including carrier granules and toner particles. This developer mix is brought continually through a directional flux field to form a brush thereof. Development is achieved by bringing the single color electrostatic latent image recorded on photoconductive surface 12 into contact with the brush of developer mix. Differently colored toner particles corresponding to the complement of the spectral region of the wavelength of light transmitted through filter 20 are contained within each of the respective developer units. For example, a green filtered electrostatic image is made visible by depositing green absorbing magneta toner particles thereon. Similarly, blue and red latent images are developed with yellow and cyan toner particles respectively,
  • drum 10 is rotated to transfer station D.
  • the powder image adhering electrostatically to photoconductive surface 12 is transferred to a sheet of final support material 34.
  • Final support material 34 may be plain paper or, in the formation of transparencies, a thermoplastic transparent material.
  • a bias transfer roll shown generally at 36, recirculates support material 34 in the direction of arrow 38.
  • Roll 36 is electrically biased to a potential of sufficient magnitude and polarity to electrostatically attract toner particles from photoconductive surface 12 to sheet 34.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,612,677 issued to Langdon in 1972 discloses a suitable electrically biased transfer roll.
  • Transfer roll 36 is arranged to rotate in synchronism with photoconductive surface 12, i.e. transfer roll 36 and drum l0 rotate substantially at the same speed and have substantially the same outer diameter.
  • support material 34 is secured releasably to transfer roll 36 for movement therewith in a recirculating path, successive toner powder images may be transferred thereto.
  • successively colored toner particles are transferred from photoconductive surface 12 to support material 34 in superimposed registration with one another. In this way, a multi-colored toner powder image corresponding to the colors found in the original document is formed on support material 34.
  • Stack 40 of support material 34 is supported on tray 42.
  • Feed roll 44 operatively associated with retard roll 46 separates and advances the uppermost sheet from stack 40.
  • the advancing sheet moves into paper chute 48 and is directed into the nip of register rolls 50.
  • gripper fingers 42 mounted on transfer roll 36, releasably secure thereto support material 34 for movement therewith in a recirculating path.
  • support material 34 is stripped from transfer roll 36 and moved on endless belt conveyor 54 to fixing station E, where a fuser indicated generally at 56, coalesces and permanently affixes the transferred powder image to sheet 34.
  • a fuser indicated generally at 56, coalesces and permanently affixes the transferred powder image to sheet 34.
  • a typical fuser is described in US. Pat. No. 3,498,592
  • support material 34 is advanced by endless belt conveyors 58 and 60 to catch tray 62.
  • catch tray 62 an operator may remove the final multi-color copy from the machine.
  • the final process in the direction of rotation of drum is cleaning station F.
  • brush cleaning device 64 positioned at cleaning station F is of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,412 issued to Gerbasi in 1971.
  • a rotatably mounted fibrous brush is maintained in contact with photoconductive surface 12 to remove residual toner particles remaining thereon after each transfer operation.
  • lamp 26 preferably, is of the type conventionally referred to as a fluorescent lamp. Typical fluorescent lamps are sensitive to variations in the surrounding thermal environment. It is, therefore, evident that it would be desirable to maintain the thermal environment surrounding lamp 26 substantially constant.
  • lamp carriage 56 supporting a pair of light sources or lamps 26 therein.
  • Lamp carriage 66 is arranged to traverse platen 24 illuminating incremental widths of original 22.
  • Heating means or sleeve heater 68 is arranged to supply energy to light source 26.
  • Sleeve heater 68 has an arcuate portion arranged to be mounted slidably on lamp 26 extending about the entire longitudinal length thereof, and in substantial contact with a portion of the exterior circumferential surface thereof. The arcuate portion extends over a 270 arc with a slot extending the entire length of lamp 26 permitting light rays to pass therethrough.
  • Heater 68 preferably, has a watt output and operates at a voltage ranging from about 98 volts to 127 volts at about 60 hertz.
  • the wire resistance elements incorporated in heater 68 have a resistance of about 685 ohms.
  • the laminated structure surrounding the wire resistant elements is a polyester impregnated glass cloth laminated over a nomex substrate or, in lieu thereof, a nichrome wire grid laminated in an insulation of teflon and epoxy coated glass cloth.
  • the exterior surface of the heater is coated with a flat black paint arranged to withstand an operating temperature of about 175 F.
  • Sleeve heater 68 engages the exterior surface of lamp 26 with a pull-out force ranging from about 1 pound to about 5 pounds, and preferably is about 3 pounds.
  • Cooling means or blower 70 is secured to lamp carriage 66.
  • Blower 70 creates a flow of air, in the direction of arrow 72, upon lamp 26 for reducing the temperature thereof.
  • heater 68 may raise the temperature of lamp 26 when it is beneath a predetermined temperature
  • blower 70 may reduce the temperature of lamp 26 when it exceeds a predetermined temperature.
  • Blower 70 is a centrifugal blower having a two-pole permanent split capacitormotor, and operates at about 1 17 volts, 60 hertz with about a 53 CFM capacity at a sea level static pressure of about 0 inches of water.
  • Air filter 71 is secured to the intake of blower 70. The density of the air filter is critical in establishing the flow characteristics of the system.
  • filter 71 is made from a foam material having a density of 45 pores per linear inch. Regulating means,
  • the operatively associated with heater 68 and blower 70 maintain lamp 26 substantially at about the predetermined temperature, preferably, 100 F.
  • the predetermined temperature may range from about F to about 115 F.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a single lamp 26 having a sleeve heater 68 wrapped thereabout.
  • sleeve heater 68 extends the entire length of lamp 26 about 270 arc.
  • the exterior circumferential surface of lamp 26 is opaque with a clear region 74 extending over a 45 arc therein. Region 74 extends substantially the entire length of tubularly configured lamp 26.
  • Lamp 26 operates at about 30 watts, 37 volts and 1.5 amps RMS.
  • the spectral energy distribution of the red output is about 44 micro watts per centimeter squared, the green output about 82 micro watts per centimeter squared, and the blue output about 25 micro watts per centimeter squared.
  • the lamp includes three phosphors having a color balance such that the blue/green ratio is 0.3 and the red/green is about 0.53.
  • the regulating means includes suitable circuit means (not shown) and/or a thermally responsive member 76.
  • Thermally responsive member 76 is, preferably, a hermatically sealed bi-metal snap action disc type thermostat.
  • the contacts of thermostat 76 are rated at about 0.5 amps, 117 volts AC at 60 hertz.
  • the contacts open at about 110 F and close at about Ft
  • thermostat 76 is positioned on the wall of lamp 26 substantially at the center of the slot in sleeve heater 68.
  • Thermostat 76 is an on-off type of device. In operation, when lamp 26 is heated to a temperature greater than F, the contacts of thermostat 76 open de-energizing sleeve heater 68.
  • control schemes maintain the temperature surrounding lamp 26 substantially constant. This insures that the light rays emitted from lamp 26 have a substantially constant spectral energy distribution.
  • the various electrostatic images recorded on photoconductive surface 12 have the color content thereof properly balanced with one another.
  • the present invention improves the temperature control of the illuminating apparatus utilized in multicolor electrophotographic printing machines, thereby maintaining the spectral energy distribution therefrom substantially constant. This, in turn, insures that the color balance of the copy compares favorably with the original.
  • An illuminating apparatus including:
  • a substantially elongated tubular tri-phosphor light source having a substantially opaque region extending over a portion of the exterior circumferential surface thereof from about one end portion of said light source to about the other end portion thereof, and a substantially transparent region extending over the remaining portion of the exterior circumferential surface of said light source;
  • heating means entrained substantially about the opaque region of the exterior circumferential surface of said light source and arranged to supply energy to said light source, said heating means being an arcuate member arranged to mount slidably on said light source in substantial contact with the opaque region of the exterior circumferential surface thereof, said arcuate member extending in a longitudinal direction from about the region of one end portion of said light source to about the region of the other end portion thereof and having a slot therein extending in a longitudinal direction from one end portion of said light source to the other end portion thereof permitting light rays transmitted through the transparent region of said light source to pass therethrough;
  • thermoly responsive member contacting the exterior peripheral surface of said light source for detecting the temperature thereof
  • circuit means operatively associated with said thermally responsive member for energizing said heating means when said thermally responsive member indicates that the temperature of said light source is beneath a predetermined value, said circuit means being adapted to de-energize said heating means when said thermally responsive member indicates that the temperature of said light source exceeds the predetermined value.
  • said regulating means includes a thermally responsive member contacting the exterior peripheral surface of said light source for detecting the temperature thereof, said thermally responsive member energizing said heating means when the temperature of said light source is beneath a predetermined lower value and de-energizing said heating means when the temperature of said light source is above a predetermined upper value.
  • a multi-color electrophotographic printing machine of the type having an apparatus for illuminating longitudinal sections of incremental width of an original document during the scanning thereof, and means for exposing a photoconductive surface to the light image thereof, wherein the improvement includes:
  • a substantially elongated tri-phosphor light source having a substantially opaque region extending over a portion of the exterior circumferential surface thereof from about one end portion of said light source to about the other end portion thereof, and a substantially transparent region extending over the remaining portion of the exterior circumferential surface of said light source;
  • heating means entrained substantially about the opaque region of the exterior circumferential surface of the light source and arranged to supply energy to the ligh source, said heating means being an arcuate member arranged to mount slidably on said light source in substantial contact with the opaque region of the exterior circumferential surface thereof, said arcuate member extending in a longitudinal direction from about the region of one end portion of said light source to about the region of the other end portion thereof and having a slot therein extending in a longitudinal direction from one end portion of said light source to the other end portion thereof permitting light rays transmitted through the transparent region of said light source to pass therethrough;
  • said cooling means includes blower means adapted to create a flow of air upon the light source.
  • said regulating means includes:
  • said regulating means includes a thermally responsive member contacting the exterior peripheral surface of the light source for detecting the temperature thereof, said thermally responsive member energizing said heating meanS when the temperature of the light source is beneath a predetermined lower value of de-energizing said heating means when the temperature of the light source is above a predetermined upper valve.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Light Sources And Details Of Projection-Printing Devices (AREA)
  • Exposure Or Original Feeding In Electrophotography (AREA)
US00297520A 1972-10-13 1972-10-13 Heating apparatus for scan lamp Expired - Lifetime US3779640A (en)

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US (1) US3779640A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4974951A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7306059D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1020921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2333886A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2203168B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1443183A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT995677B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7312663A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967893A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-07-06 Xerox Corporation Illuminating apparatus
US3970382A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-07-20 Xerox Corporation Spatially selective optical system
US4072417A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-02-07 Rank Xerox Ltd. Exposure device for a xerographic copying machine
US4080545A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-03-21 Xerox Corporation Sodium vapor lamp with emission aperture
US4098552A (en) * 1976-04-23 1978-07-04 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Copying machine
JPS5413354U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-27
US4168522A (en) * 1976-07-12 1979-09-18 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Light emission control for gas-discharge lamp
US4190355A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-02-26 Xerox Corporation Facetted reflector
US4297024A (en) * 1978-04-25 1981-10-27 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Exposure device of an electrographic copying apparatus
US4351019A (en) * 1981-06-29 1982-09-21 Xerox Corporation Facetted reflector
US4656561A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-04-07 Nippon Seiki Corporation Device for illuminating measuring instruments
DE3623372A1 (de) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-21 Hoelter Heinz Apparat und verfahren zum zwecke der automatischen kopplung der luftmenge und temperatur in ultraviolett-/ozongeneratoren
US4727252A (en) * 1984-10-20 1988-02-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image erase unit for use with stimulable phosphor sheet
US4774550A (en) * 1985-02-25 1988-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image information reading apparatus
US4827313A (en) * 1988-07-11 1989-05-02 Xerox Corporation Mechanism and method for controlling the temperature and output of an amalgam fluorescent lamp
US4922078A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-05-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for operating an exposure apparatus and exposure apparatus for conducting this process
US5079681A (en) * 1989-03-22 1992-01-07 Toshiba Lighting And Technology Corporation Illuminating apparatus
US5189340A (en) * 1987-07-03 1993-02-23 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluorescent lamp assebmly for image scanner
WO1998015970A1 (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-04-16 Purup-Eskofot A/S A circuit for maintaining the temperature of a light source, and use of the circuit
US5768663A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-06-16 Lin; Bob Light source arrangement of a scanner
US5950053A (en) * 1997-01-29 1999-09-07 Lin; Bob Illumination compensation device of scanner
US20020024595A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-02-28 Spence Stuart T. Optical design for film conversion device
US6724420B2 (en) * 1999-12-23 2004-04-20 Dfr2000, Inc. Portable film conversion device
US20060227552A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 Acuity Brands, Inc. Fluorescent lamp fixture and heater

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4403848A (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-09-13 Xerox Corporation Electronic color printing system
JPS60124168A (ja) * 1983-12-09 1985-07-03 Canon Inc 原稿読み取り装置
JPH0321160A (ja) * 1990-06-01 1991-01-29 Canon Inc 画像読取装置
JP3862549B2 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2006-12-27 シャープ株式会社 乾燥洗濯機

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US2581959A (en) * 1950-11-13 1952-01-08 Adolph F Koehler Fluorescent lamp
US3112890A (en) * 1961-05-16 1963-12-03 Charles D Snelling Fluorescent lamp fixture
US3141621A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-07-21 Gen Electric Luminaire with lamp temperature control
US3330180A (en) * 1964-10-14 1967-07-11 Xerox Corp Illumination control system
US3482918A (en) * 1967-10-04 1969-12-09 Gaf Corp Exposure assembly for light sensitive diazo-type copy paper

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581959A (en) * 1950-11-13 1952-01-08 Adolph F Koehler Fluorescent lamp
US3141621A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-07-21 Gen Electric Luminaire with lamp temperature control
US3112890A (en) * 1961-05-16 1963-12-03 Charles D Snelling Fluorescent lamp fixture
US3330180A (en) * 1964-10-14 1967-07-11 Xerox Corp Illumination control system
US3482918A (en) * 1967-10-04 1969-12-09 Gaf Corp Exposure assembly for light sensitive diazo-type copy paper

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970382A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-07-20 Xerox Corporation Spatially selective optical system
US3967893A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-07-06 Xerox Corporation Illuminating apparatus
US4098552A (en) * 1976-04-23 1978-07-04 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Copying machine
US4168522A (en) * 1976-07-12 1979-09-18 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Light emission control for gas-discharge lamp
US4072417A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-02-07 Rank Xerox Ltd. Exposure device for a xerographic copying machine
US4080545A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-03-21 Xerox Corporation Sodium vapor lamp with emission aperture
JPS5413354U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-27
US4297024A (en) * 1978-04-25 1981-10-27 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Exposure device of an electrographic copying apparatus
US4190355A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-02-26 Xerox Corporation Facetted reflector
US4351019A (en) * 1981-06-29 1982-09-21 Xerox Corporation Facetted reflector
US4656561A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-04-07 Nippon Seiki Corporation Device for illuminating measuring instruments
US4727252A (en) * 1984-10-20 1988-02-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image erase unit for use with stimulable phosphor sheet
US4774550A (en) * 1985-02-25 1988-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image information reading apparatus
DE3623372A1 (de) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-21 Hoelter Heinz Apparat und verfahren zum zwecke der automatischen kopplung der luftmenge und temperatur in ultraviolett-/ozongeneratoren
US5189340A (en) * 1987-07-03 1993-02-23 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluorescent lamp assebmly for image scanner
US4922078A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-05-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for operating an exposure apparatus and exposure apparatus for conducting this process
US4827313A (en) * 1988-07-11 1989-05-02 Xerox Corporation Mechanism and method for controlling the temperature and output of an amalgam fluorescent lamp
US5079681A (en) * 1989-03-22 1992-01-07 Toshiba Lighting And Technology Corporation Illuminating apparatus
WO1998015970A1 (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-04-16 Purup-Eskofot A/S A circuit for maintaining the temperature of a light source, and use of the circuit
US5768663A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-06-16 Lin; Bob Light source arrangement of a scanner
US5950053A (en) * 1997-01-29 1999-09-07 Lin; Bob Illumination compensation device of scanner
US20020024595A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-02-28 Spence Stuart T. Optical design for film conversion device
US6611293B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2003-08-26 Dfr2000, Inc. Method and apparatus for synchronization of ancillary information in film conversion
US20040071445A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2004-04-15 Tarnoff Harry L. Method and apparatus for synchronization of ancillary information in film conversion
US6724420B2 (en) * 1999-12-23 2004-04-20 Dfr2000, Inc. Portable film conversion device
US6829012B2 (en) * 1999-12-23 2004-12-07 Dfr2000, Inc. Method and apparatus for a digital parallel processor for film conversion
US6864913B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2005-03-08 Harry L. Tarnoff Method and apparatus for a reconfigurable digital processor for film conversion
US6891562B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2005-05-10 Stuart T. Spence Optical design for film conversion device
US20060227552A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 Acuity Brands, Inc. Fluorescent lamp fixture and heater
US7325946B2 (en) * 2005-04-11 2008-02-05 Acuity Brands, Inc. Fluorescent lamp fixture and heater
US20080137340A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2008-06-12 Acuity Brands, Inc. Fluorescent lamp fixture and heater
US7621656B2 (en) 2005-04-11 2009-11-24 Abl Ip Holding, Llc Fluorescent lamp fixture and heater

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JPS4974951A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-19
IT995677B (it) 1975-11-20
GB1443183A (en) 1976-07-21
CA1020921A (en) 1977-11-15
BR7306059D0 (pt) 1974-07-25
DE2333886A1 (de) 1974-04-18
FR2203168B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-12
NL7312663A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-26
FR2203168A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-10

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