US3778939A - Integral stud and bracket standard and the assembly thereof in a wall construction - Google Patents

Integral stud and bracket standard and the assembly thereof in a wall construction Download PDF

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US3778939A
US3778939A US00288450A US3778939DA US3778939A US 3778939 A US3778939 A US 3778939A US 00288450 A US00288450 A US 00288450A US 3778939D A US3778939D A US 3778939DA US 3778939 A US3778939 A US 3778939A
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flange
studs
stud
brackets
assembly
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N Nelsson
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United States Gypsum Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0008Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge
    • F16B5/0028Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge using I-shaped connectors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/76Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
    • E04B2/78Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips
    • E04B2/7854Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of open profile
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/82Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge characterised by the manner in which edges are connected to the building; Means therefor; Special details of easily-removable partitions as far as related to the connection with other parts of the building
    • E04B2/825Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge characterised by the manner in which edges are connected to the building; Means therefor; Special details of easily-removable partitions as far as related to the connection with other parts of the building the connection between the floor and the ceiling being achieved without any restraining forces acting in the plane of the partition
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2002/7487Partitions with slotted profiles

Definitions

  • Conventional drywall constructions provide for the wall attachment of shelves and other heavy articles generally by the location of bracket standards in conjunction with the joint of two wallboards and the stud mounting these wallboards. This is necessitated by the inability of the wallboards to support a significant load directly, and also by the convenience and occassional necessity of mounting the wallboards so as to be removable or demountable without the brackets having been attached directly thereto.
  • the strength and general permanence of the supporting web portion of the studs have permitted the standards to be structurally attached to and/pr dependent thereupon, but only as separate articles independently manufactured.
  • the bracket standard has heretofore generally been a separate member which is mounted in place with the stud only by the use of a large number of components.
  • one construction requires, apart from the wallboard panels and shelf brackets, two studs, two separate bracket standards, two fillers, an 8" shaped web, support channels for the studs, four metal edges for the wallboard panels, and four screws mounting the panels in place; in all 17 components.
  • all but the screws and metal edges must be mounted between the two studs which are to support the four panels.
  • Such a construction puts a premium on miniaturization, as the studs so joined must preferably have a minimum longitudinal extension. Such miniaturization and a large collection of parts complicate the assembly, making it tedious, time consuming, and expensive at best.
  • Bracket standard requires it to be attached after the wall has otherwise been assembled. Such independent erection of the standard is time consuming and may depend, for successful erection, upon accurate placement of the standard with respect to the now-covered studs. For example, it may be necessary to screw-attach the standard to the stud underneath the wallboard. Where considerable effort is made, as in many cases, to hide the joints on the finished wall assembly with a filler, the later accurate location of the studs may become a guessing game.
  • the disclosure relates to an improved stud and the assembly of this stud in a demountable drywall construction wherein the bracket standard for mounting shelves and the like and the stud cooperate in the engagement of the partition members to form the wall.
  • this is accomplished by making the standard an integral part of the stud, and specifically the part connecting the central web to the ends of the stud which engage the partition members.
  • a stud having a central supporting web portion and a flange extending at an angle therefrom, the improvement featuring a portion of the flange having vertically spaced therealong means for removably accommodating shelf brackets.
  • the integral stud and standard combination is provided in a variety of different stud configurations, most of which generally have an H"-shaped cross-sectional configuration. This variety essentially eliminates the need for adaptor components for other types of studs. Means are also provided at at least one integral extension of the flange to engage the partition members comprising the wall, the engaging means being especially shaped and dimensioned to support the partition members without the use of additional components such as screws.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a stud and assembly wherein the bracket standard is an integral part of the stud, regardless of the particular type of stud involved.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a stud and wall construction wherein the completion of the assembly of the wall components automatically provides for the incorporation of brackets.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, partially broken away perspective view of a demountable wall constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, sectioned elevational view illustrating the assembly of the wall at the floor runner
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line IIIIII of FIG. 2, the runners and the shelf brackets having been eliminated for clarity;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary and elevational view of the stud and wall shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating an alternate embodiment of the inventron
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary end elevational view similar to FIG. 4 but of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, sectioned elevational view of the wall constructed in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectioned perspective view of yet another alternate embodiment of the stud and the wall assembly constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are fragmentary sectional views of. studs which are alternate embodiments of that shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is a fragmentary sectional ,view similar to FIGS. 3 and 5 but illustrating still another alternate embodiment.
  • the demountable wall assembly 20 of the invention features conventional ceil- This meaning is to be contrasted with the meaning for the word inter-engage and its other forms, which word is intended in which both parts are so especially formed.
  • the outwardly facing surface 27 of the board which is to be exposed when the wall is assembled may or may not have special decorative effects thereon.
  • the floor runner 28 conventionally engages the bot I tom edges 29 of the wallboard 26 by means of screws 30 which pass through both the runner and the partition members and also through external metal clips 32.
  • a base 34 can be used to cover the screw-attached bases.
  • the structural support of the partition members 26 is provided by studs 35 and 40.
  • the former are conventional metallic channels which support the interior surfaces of the partition members 26 either removably or by adhering thereto by means of adhesive.
  • Conven tional brackets such as shelf brackets 36 are associated with the wall assembly at the joints thereof for supporting loads. It will be readily appreciated that brackets performing other functions, such as the mounting of cabinets, can also be .used and mounted in a manner more fullydescribed hereinafter.
  • the brackets 36 are directly inserted into and directly structurally supported and accomodated by the studs 40 without the need for a separate standard. This is accomplished by combining into a single piece the standard and the structure which engages the partition members. Preferably, this is accomplished in a manner which will now be discussed.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 the particular embodiment shown therein comprises a stud 40 having a central vertically extending supporting web portion .42, having legs or flanges 44 and 46 integrally extending from opposite edge portions 48 of the web portion at an angle thereto.
  • each of the flanges 44 and 46 extends beyond both sides of the web portion generally perpendicular thereto and parallel to each other so as to give to the stud 40 a generally I-l" shaped cross-sectional configuration;
  • a portion 60 of the flanges located at a point between the ends or edges 62 of the flanges is provided with vertically spaced slots 64 which are especially positioned and shaped to accomodate the barckets 36.
  • the slots 64 are necessarily offset from the web portion.
  • the ends 62 are especially positioned and shaped to accomodate the brackets 36.
  • the slots 64 are necessarily offset from the web portion 42 a slight amount to permit the end of the bracket to be inserted thereinto.
  • the amount of offset is not critical; for example, the inside edge of the slot can be flush with the web portion.
  • the ends 62 are especially provided with a flat inner surface 66 which abuts the outwardly facing surface 27 of the partition members.
  • the engagement of the members 26 by the stud 40 is completed by a sec- 0nd set of flanges 68 and 70 which project from both sides of web portion 42 at the edges 48 thereof generally parallel to flanges 44 and 46 but spaced interiorly therefrom an amount which will just accommodate the thickness of a partition member.
  • Each of the flanges 68 and 70 has a flat reinforcing surface 72 which abuts against the interior surface of the member 26, thus forming with flanges 44 and 46 a track-like member the two parts of which accomodate the partition member 26.
  • the spacing of the flanges 44, and 68 and 70 defines a leg in the edge 48 the length of which must not be a greater than the thickness of the partition members 26.
  • the member 26 is thus engaged so that the slotted portion 60 projects outwardly from the plane of surface 72.
  • the abutting surfaces 66 and 72 are thus covered, while, as shown in FIG. 1, the slotted portion 60 of the flanges 44 and 46are exposed.
  • a shoulder 74 projects from the surface 72 into the partition memberaccomodating space to terminate the insertion of the member 26 short of the space reserved for the end of the bracket 36.
  • the opposite, exposed surface of the ends 62 of the flanges 44 and 46 include projecting ridges 78.
  • a wallboard tape of conventional material such as vinyl and which is dimensioned to fit between said ridges is thus removably held in place by a backing over those slots 64 which are not intended to support brackets.
  • the above-described embodiment preferably has a plane of symmetry which extends longitudinally through the approximate center 86 of the web portion 42, so that the opposite edge portions 48 and all the flanges extending therefrom are mirror images of each other.
  • flange 46 is the mirror image of flange 44, having the identical function of interengagement with, and support of brackets, and engagement with opposite partition members. This mirror image construction simplifies installation as no one end or one side of the stud is unique or requires a specified location.
  • the stud 40 shaped in the above fashion is preferably metallic, and therefore can be manufactured by a variety of techniques, of which extrusion is one example.
  • the assembly of the components to form the wall assembly 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 requires simply the mounting of an end stud 40 with respect to the floor or ceiling runner, and the placement of the first partition members 26 in an oppositely positioned pair which are engaged within the first stud and the ceiling runner 22. After the first members 26 are fixed to the floor runner, the next stud is engaged with the edge of the first sections 26, and the process repeated. As shown in FIG. 2, it is not necessary that the stud 40 be fixed such as by screws to the floor runner 28. Instead, the stud need only be mounted thereabove, preferably resting upon the base 34.
  • the stud 40 provides all of the supporting, attaching, and bracket-engaging functions heretofore provided by the stud, said components, and a bracket standard, respectively. Furthermore, the assembly of the complete wall thus automatically and readily provides the bracket standards for the support of brackets, should they be needed at a later date.
  • FIGS. 5 7 illustrate an alternate form of the embodiment shown in FlGS. 1-4, wherein the stud is shaped to accomodate an additional support element. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix a has been added.
  • stud 40a has a central supporting web portion 42a the opposite edges 48a of which each have integrally extended therefrom at an angle thereto from both sides of the web portion a flange or leg 44a and 46a.
  • the cross-sectional appearance of the stud is generally one of an H shape due to the approximate perpendicularity of the flanges to the web portion 42a.
  • a central portion 60a of these flanges spaced from the edges 62a of the flange is provided with slots 64a shaped as in the previous embodiment to interengage with brackets for shelves and the like.
  • the offset relationship of the slots 64a from the web portion 42a is accomplished in this case by extending the flanges 44a and 46a considerably more from one side of the web portion 42a than from the other.
  • the studs 40a are formed in the following manner.
  • the edges 62a are extruded so as to turn outwardly away from the plane of the flange portion a, and are each split into a trackshaped element having two flat rails 92 and 94.
  • the interior surfaces of the rails abut against the exterior surface 27 and the interior surface of a partition member.
  • the interior rails 94 serve to reinforce the back surface of the partition members 26 abutted thereagainst.
  • the stud 40a mounts the partition members 26 so that the slotted portion 60a is recessed and generally hidden from view.
  • This effect is further enhanced by forming the extreme ends of the flanges 44a and 46a so as to form two vertically extended rows 96 an 98 of hooks inwardly faced towards the flanges.
  • the hooks serve the additional function of guides for an additional support element 100 which is slidably interengaged by the hooks within the turned-out edges 62a of the flanges 44a and 46a.
  • the support element 100 conventionally comprises a bolt head 102 having parallel grooves 104 spaced along one'face thereof for accommodating the hooks 96 and 98, a spring 106 for biasing the bolt head against the hooks to hold element 100 in a desired portion, and a bolt 108 projecting from the head for interengagement with a shelf or the like.
  • the stud 40a is integrally formed with structure which will interengage and support two different types of mounting elements for shelves and the like.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates one method of assemblying stud 40a within a wall. Because of the additional loads likely to be incurred through the use of the additional supporting elements 100, it is preferred that the studs 40a be attached by means such as bolts and 122 to the ceiling and floor runners 22a and 28 a respectively.
  • the floor runner can be further modified so that the studs 40a and the partition members 26 are completely inserted therewithin. In that event the stud 40a should have a notch 128 formed near the bottom edges 130 thereof, to permit the clips 34a to fit flush against the partition members 26 as opposed to being bent outwardly around the rails 92.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of the bracket-engaging stud of the invention, which stud is designed for a different type, thicker partition member. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix b has been added.
  • the partition members 26b forming wall assembly 20b comprise a conventional wall board panel of substantially thicker dimensions, the vertical edges of which have kerfs 142 formed therein. A representative thickness of the panel is three-fourths of an inch.
  • the stud 40b comprises a central supporting web portion 42b and flanges 44b and 46b extending angularly from both sides of the opposite edge portions thereof approximately perpendicular to portion 42b and generally parallel to each other.
  • Each flange has two extensions and 160, each projecting from one'of the two sides of the web portion 42b.
  • One extension or part 150 of the flanges 44b and 46b is formed with a portion 60b which projects outwardly from the plane of the rest of the part 150. It is this portion 60b which is slotted with openings 64b to receive the brackets, as in the previous embodiment.
  • the remainder or edge 152 or part 150 is bent back generally to lie in the plane of the extension 160.
  • the edge 152 of the extension 150, and the extension are shaped to be essentially flat, providing the means necessary for interengaging the interior of the kerfs 142.
  • the over-all cross-sectional configuration of the stud 40b, as in the previous embodiments, thus is H-shaped.
  • the partition members 26b are mounted with exterior surfaces 26b that are flush with the exposed slotted por- -tion 60b, the partition member-engaging portions of the flanges 44b and 46b being hidden from view.
  • the outward projection of the slotted portion 60b from the remainder 152 of the extension 150, and from the extension 160 is approximately 0.375 of an inch for partition members having a total thickness of 0.75 of an inch.
  • the stud 40b may be floating, i.e., notstructurally dependent in any way upon the floor or ceiling runners; or it may rest upon or be fixed to the floor runner, and- /or fixed to the ceiling runner.
  • the stud may provide additional support to the back surface of the partition members in the form of knock-out'tabs, not shown.
  • the stud 40b A number of fabricating methods will be readily apparent for the stud 40b. Preferred examples, in the case where the stud is preferably metallic, are extrusion and roll forming. Thereafter, the slots or openings 64b can be punched or otherwise machined out.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate alternate forms of the embodiment of the bracket-engaging stud shown in FIG. 8, the stud being altered to accommodate both the brackets and the partition members in different positional relationships. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffixes c and d, respectively, have been added.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a stud 40c identical to the stud 40b except that the extension 150C and the remainder or edge 152a thereof are all in the plane of the extension 160e, thereby providing completely flat flanges 44c and 460. Because the edge 152a and the extension 1600 are interengaged within the kerf 142 of the two partition members, as shown, flanges 44c and 460 result in the slots 640 of the slotted portion 600 of extension 1500 being at least partially hidden by partition members.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a form of the stud similar to the stud shown in FIG. 9 and which is closely allied to the one of the floating studs disclosed and claimed in my copending U.S. application Ser. No. 77,997, filed on Oct. 9, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,732,657. Parts simithe , lar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix 2 has been added.
  • stud 402 is characterized by a single partition-member interengaging flange 442, the extension 1602 of which is the only portion especially shaped and dimensioned to fit within the kerf 142 of the partition member 262.
  • the stud 402 interengages only one such partition member, permitting selective assembly and disassembly of the wall 202 without disturbing other neighboring partition members.
  • the extension 1502 is shortened compared to the previous embodiments, so as to comprise solely the slotted portion 602.
  • Yet another difference in stud 402 is the provision of a surface 170 at the edge48e of the web portion 422 which is especially shaped and adapted so as to rest against and abut in a supportive, non-interengaging fashion, the back surface of the opposite partition member.
  • the surface 170 is preferably a flange of short length bent at the edge 482 so as to be properly spaced from the flange 442, i.e., spaced a distance approximately equal to the distance from the midpoint of one side of the wall 202 to the back surface of the opposite side of the wall.
  • a knock-out tab 172 may be used to reinforce the back surface of the member 262, but it is not essential.
  • the stud 180 is preferably identical with one of the embodiments shown and claimed in my aforesaid copending application. Accordingly, the specification of that application is incorporated herewith.
  • the stud 180 can thus be characterized as having a kerf-engaging flange 182 projecting at an angle from the web portion 184, and generally perpendicular thereto.
  • a knock-out tab 186 reinforces the back surface of the partition member 262 interengaged by the stud 180.
  • a second flange 190 projecting from the edge portion of the web 184 opposite to the flange 182 and generally parallel to that flange provides the same limited function as does flange 170 for the stud 402.
  • the extension 1502 of the flange 442 of necessity must be spaced from, or at least not covered by, the flange 182 of the stud 180. Accordingly, the two studs 402 and 180 are preferably spaced apart by a shim or channel 200 to which one of the studs may be anchored. if it is desired that selective removai of a partition member not be possible, the shim 200 may be anchored to both the studs by a single bolt (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 1 results in the slotted portion 602 being recessed from view in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 9. it will also be recognized by those skilled in the art that any of theembodiments shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 can be manufactured preferably from suitable metal by the techniques listed for the embodiment of FIG. 8.
  • bracket standard is an integral part thereof.
  • the slotted portion supporting the brackets can be exposed or covered.
  • Even studs each of which is adapted to interengage only a single partition member can be so constructed.
  • the invention is suitable in a variety of construction assemblies so that the attendant savings in manufacturing cost and time of assembly can be extended to many different types of wall construction.
  • a wall assembly having a minimum number of parts comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members and a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners, the studs being removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending outwardly from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a support web, at least one flange integrally extending from at least one edge of said web at an :angle thereto, means associated with said flange for engaging said stud with at least one of the members, and means integrally mounted on and vertically spaced along a portion of said flange for removably accommodating some of the brackets, said accommodating means being offset from the web portion.
  • said accommodating means include vertically spaced slots in said flange portion especially positioned and shaped to accomodate some of said brackets inserted therein.
  • a wall assembly having a minimum number of parts, comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members removably fixed to the runners, a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners and removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a channel having a central web portion and legs, said web and said legs defining a generally H "-shaped cross sectional configuration,
  • said legs having as integral extensions of their ends means for engaging said partition members and at points between said ends and offset from said web means for accommodating said brackets.
  • each of said studs having a support web and at least one flange extending from each edge of the web, one surface of said flange being abutted against the back surface of at least one of the partipartition members.

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Abstract

A stud and wall assembly constructed therewith for supporting shelf brackets and the like, the stud having as an integral part thereof, both a slotted flange for engaging shelf brackets, and as an extension of the flange, flat surfaces for engaging partition members which make up the wall. The slotted portion of the flange may be recessed within the stud or projected therefrom, so as to conceal or expose, respectively, the slotted portion. Additional bracket-supporting hooks can be extruded as part of the flange. The over-all cross-sectional configuration of most of the embodiments of the stud is an ''''H''''-shaped configuration.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Nelsson 1 1 Dec. 18, 1973 1 INTEGRAL STUD AND BRACKET 3,429,090 2 1969 Metelnick 52/481 STANDARD AND THE ASSEMBLY 3,509,669 5/1970 Plemeng 52/36 3,517,467 6 1970 Propst et a1 52/36 THEREOF IN A WALL CONSTRUCTION 3,562,970 2/1971 Schwartz 52/481 X Inventor: Nels Nelsson, Des Plaines, Ill.
Assignee: United States Gypsum, Chicago, 111.
Filed: Sept. 12, 1972 App1, No.: 288,450
Related US. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 79,580, Oct. 9, 1970, Pat. No. 3,712.015.
US. Cl. 52/36, 52/481 Int. Cl E041) 2/32 Field of Search 52/241, 481, 36,
References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS 12/1957 Solomon 52/290 12/1962 Dahme 52/732 X Primary Examiner-Price C. Faw, Jr. Attorney-Dana M. Schmidt ABSTRACT A stud and wall assembly constructed therewith for supporting shelf brackets and the like, the stud having as an integral part thereof, both a slotted flange for engaging shelf brackets, and as an extension of the flange, flat surfaces for engaging partition members which make up the wall. The slotted portion of the flange may be recessed within the stud or projected therefrom, so as to conceal or expose, respectively, the slotted portion. Additional bracket-supporting hooks can be extruded as part of the flange. The overall cross-sectional configuration of most of the embodiments of the stud is an H"-shaped configuration.
8 Claims, 11 Drawing Figures PATENTEB DEC 18 I973 SHEET 10$ 3 INTEGRAL STUD AND BRACKET STANDARD AND THE ASSEMBLY THEREOF IN A WALL CONSTRUCTION This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 79,580 filed Oct. 9, 1970, now US. Pat. No. 3,712,015.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventional drywall constructions provide for the wall attachment of shelves and other heavy articles generally by the location of bracket standards in conjunction with the joint of two wallboards and the stud mounting these wallboards. This is necessitated by the inability of the wallboards to support a significant load directly, and also by the convenience and occassional necessity of mounting the wallboards so as to be removable or demountable without the brackets having been attached directly thereto. On the other hand, the strength and general permanence of the supporting web portion of the studs have permitted the standards to be structurally attached to and/pr dependent thereupon, but only as separate articles independently manufactured.
Thus, the bracket standard has heretofore generally been a separate member which is mounted in place with the stud only by the use of a large number of components. For example, one construction requires, apart from the wallboard panels and shelf brackets, two studs, two separate bracket standards, two fillers, an 8" shaped web, support channels for the studs, four metal edges for the wallboard panels, and four screws mounting the panels in place; in all 17 components. In the construction utilizing these parts, all but the screws and metal edges must be mounted between the two studs which are to support the four panels. Such a construction puts a premium on miniaturization, as the studs so joined must preferably have a minimum longitudinal extension. Such miniaturization and a large collection of parts complicate the assembly, making it tedious, time consuming, and expensive at best.
Yet another conventional bracket standard requires it to be attached after the wall has otherwise been assembled. Such independent erection of the standard is time consuming and may depend, for successful erection, upon accurate placement of the standard with respect to the now-covered studs. For example, it may be necessary to screw-attach the standard to the stud underneath the wallboard. Where considerable effort is made, as in many cases, to hide the joints on the finished wall assembly with a filler, the later accurate location of the studs may become a guessing game.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The disclosure relates to an improved stud and the assembly of this stud in a demountable drywall construction wherein the bracket standard for mounting shelves and the like and the stud cooperate in the engagement of the partition members to form the wall. Preferably, this is accomplished by making the standard an integral part of the stud, and specifically the part connecting the central web to the ends of the stud which engage the partition members. Thus, there is provided a stud having a central supporting web portion and a flange extending at an angle therefrom, the improvement featuring a portion of the flange having vertically spaced therealong means for removably accommodating shelf brackets. The integral stud and standard combination is provided in a variety of different stud configurations, most of which generally have an H"-shaped cross-sectional configuration. This variety essentially eliminates the need for adaptor components for other types of studs. Means are also provided at at least one integral extension of the flange to engage the partition members comprising the wall, the engaging means being especially shaped and dimensioned to support the partition members without the use of additional components such as screws.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a bracket supporting stud and a demountable wall assembly utilizing this stud to mount brackets wherein a reduced number of component parts is necessary for the assembly.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a stud and assembly wherein the bracket standard is an integral part of the stud, regardless of the particular type of stud involved.
It is a related object of the invention to provide such a stud and wall construction formed thereby which are inexpensive to manufacture and simple to install.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a stud and the wall construction assembled therefrom which will permit the standard portion of the stud to be concealed or exposed, as desired.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a stud and wall construction wherein the completion of the assembly of the wall components automatically provides for the incorporation of brackets.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent on reference to the following drawings and detailed discussion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, partially broken away perspective view of a demountable wall constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, sectioned elevational view illustrating the assembly of the wall at the floor runner;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line IIIIII of FIG. 2, the runners and the shelf brackets having been eliminated for clarity;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary and elevational view of the stud and wall shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating an alternate embodiment of the inventron;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary end elevational view similar to FIG. 4 but of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, sectioned elevational view of the wall constructed in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectioned perspective view of yet another alternate embodiment of the stud and the wall assembly constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are fragmentary sectional views of. studs which are alternate embodiments of that shown in FIG. 8; and
Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional ,view similar to FIGS. 3 and 5 but illustrating still another alternate embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the demountable wall assembly 20 of the invention features conventional ceil- This meaning is to be contrasted with the meaning for the word inter-engage and its other forms, which word is intended in which both parts are so especially formed. I
The outwardly facing surface 27 of the board which is to be exposed when the wall is assembled may or may not have special decorative effects thereon.
The floor runner 28 conventionally engages the bot I tom edges 29 of the wallboard 26 by means of screws 30 which pass through both the runner and the partition members and also through external metal clips 32. A base 34 can be used to cover the screw-attached bases. The structural support of the partition members 26 is provided by studs 35 and 40. The former are conventional metallic channels which support the interior surfaces of the partition members 26 either removably or by adhering thereto by means of adhesive. Conven tional brackets such as shelf brackets 36 are associated with the wall assembly at the joints thereof for supporting loads. It will be readily appreciated that brackets performing other functions, such as the mounting of cabinets, can also be .used and mounted in a manner more fullydescribed hereinafter.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention the brackets 36 are directly inserted into and directly structurally supported and accomodated by the studs 40 without the need for a separate standard. This is accomplished by combining into a single piece the standard and the structure which engages the partition members. Preferably, this is accomplished in a manner which will now be discussed. Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the particular embodiment shown therein comprises a stud 40 having a central vertically extending supporting web portion .42, having legs or flanges 44 and 46 integrally extending from opposite edge portions 48 of the web portion at an angle thereto. Specifically, each of the flanges 44 and 46 extends beyond both sides of the web portion generally perpendicular thereto and parallel to each other so as to give to the stud 40 a generally I-l" shaped cross-sectional configuration; A portion 60 of the flanges located at a point between the ends or edges 62 of the flanges is provided with vertically spaced slots 64 which are especially positioned and shaped to accomodate the barckets 36. The slots 64 are necessarily offset from the web portion. To engage the members 26, the ends 62 are especially positioned and shaped to accomodate the brackets 36. The slots 64 are necessarily offset from the web portion 42 a slight amount to permit the end of the bracket to be inserted thereinto. The amount of offset is not critical; for example, the inside edge of the slot can be flush with the web portion. To engage the members 26, the ends 62 are especially provided with a flat inner surface 66 which abuts the outwardly facing surface 27 of the partition members. The engagement of the members 26 by the stud 40 is completed by a sec- 0nd set of flanges 68 and 70 which project from both sides of web portion 42 at the edges 48 thereof generally parallel to flanges 44 and 46 but spaced interiorly therefrom an amount which will just accommodate the thickness of a partition member. Each of the flanges 68 and 70 has a flat reinforcing surface 72 which abuts against the interior surface of the member 26, thus forming with flanges 44 and 46 a track-like member the two parts of which accomodate the partition member 26. The spacing of the flanges 44, and 68 and 70 defines a leg in the edge 48 the length of which must not be a greater than the thickness of the partition members 26. The member 26 is thus engaged so that the slotted portion 60 projects outwardly from the plane of surface 72. The abutting surfaces 66 and 72 are thus covered, while, as shown in FIG. 1, the slotted portion 60 of the flanges 44 and 46are exposed. A shoulder 74 projects from the surface 72 into the partition memberaccomodating space to terminate the insertion of the member 26 short of the space reserved for the end of the bracket 36.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, to permit unused slotted portions 60 to be covered, the opposite, exposed surface of the ends 62 of the flanges 44 and 46 include projecting ridges 78. A wallboard tape of conventional material such as vinyl and which is dimensioned to fit between said ridges is thus removably held in place by a backing over those slots 64 which are not intended to support brackets.
Thus, the above-described embodiment preferably has a plane of symmetry which extends longitudinally through the approximate center 86 of the web portion 42, so that the opposite edge portions 48 and all the flanges extending therefrom are mirror images of each other. Specifically, flange 46 is the mirror image of flange 44, having the identical function of interengagement with, and support of brackets, and engagement with opposite partition members. This mirror image construction simplifies installation as no one end or one side of the stud is unique or requires a specified location.
The stud 40 shaped in the above fashion is preferably metallic, and therefore can be manufactured by a variety of techniques, of which extrusion is one example.
The assembly of the components to form the wall assembly 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 requires simply the mounting of an end stud 40 with respect to the floor or ceiling runner, and the placement of the first partition members 26 in an oppositely positioned pair which are engaged within the first stud and the ceiling runner 22. After the first members 26 are fixed to the floor runner, the next stud is engaged with the edge of the first sections 26, and the process repeated. As shown in FIG. 2, it is not necessary that the stud 40 be fixed such as by screws to the floor runner 28. Instead, the stud need only be mounted thereabove, preferably resting upon the base 34. Because of the aforedescribed construction wherein the standard is an integral part of the stud, the parts necessary to mount the brackets have been considerably reduced, resulting in a substantial savings of manufacturing cost and time of assembly. The elimination of components heretofore used to adapt the standards to the studs also avoids the need for miniaturization. Instead, the stud 40 provides all of the supporting, attaching, and bracket-engaging functions heretofore provided by the stud, said components, and a bracket standard, respectively. Furthermore, the assembly of the complete wall thus automatically and readily provides the bracket standards for the support of brackets, should they be needed at a later date.
FIGS. 5 7 illustrate an alternate form of the embodiment shown in FlGS. 1-4, wherein the stud is shaped to accomodate an additional support element. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix a has been added. Thus, stud 40a has a central supporting web portion 42a the opposite edges 48a of which each have integrally extended therefrom at an angle thereto from both sides of the web portion a flange or leg 44a and 46a. Thus, as in the previous embodiment the cross-sectional appearance of the stud is generally one of an H shape due to the approximate perpendicularity of the flanges to the web portion 42a. A central portion 60a of these flanges spaced from the edges 62a of the flange is provided with slots 64a shaped as in the previous embodiment to interengage with brackets for shelves and the like. The offset relationship of the slots 64a from the web portion 42a is accomplished in this case by extending the flanges 44a and 46a considerably more from one side of the web portion 42a than from the other.
To engage the partition members, the studs 40a are formed in the following manner. The edges 62a are extruded so as to turn outwardly away from the plane of the flange portion a, and are each split into a trackshaped element having two flat rails 92 and 94. The interior surfaces of the rails abut against the exterior surface 27 and the interior surface of a partition member. The interior rails 94 serve to reinforce the back surface of the partition members 26 abutted thereagainst. I
It is thus apparent that, when assembled in a wall, the stud 40a mounts the partition members 26 so that the slotted portion 60a is recessed and generally hidden from view. This effect is further enhanced by forming the extreme ends of the flanges 44a and 46a so as to form two vertically extended rows 96 an 98 of hooks inwardly faced towards the flanges. The hooks serve the additional function of guides for an additional support element 100 which is slidably interengaged by the hooks within the turned-out edges 62a of the flanges 44a and 46a. The support element 100 conventionally comprises a bolt head 102 having parallel grooves 104 spaced along one'face thereof for accommodating the hooks 96 and 98, a spring 106 for biasing the bolt head against the hooks to hold element 100 in a desired portion, and a bolt 108 projecting from the head for interengagement with a shelf or the like. Thus, the stud 40a is integrally formed with structure which will interengage and support two different types of mounting elements for shelves and the like.
FIG. 7 illustrates one method of assemblying stud 40a within a wall. Because of the additional loads likely to be incurred through the use of the additional supporting elements 100, it is preferred that the studs 40a be attached by means such as bolts and 122 to the ceiling and floor runners 22a and 28 a respectively. The floor runner can be further modified so that the studs 40a and the partition members 26 are completely inserted therewithin. In that event the stud 40a should have a notch 128 formed near the bottom edges 130 thereof, to permit the clips 34a to fit flush against the partition members 26 as opposed to being bent outwardly around the rails 92.
FIG. 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of the bracket-engaging stud of the invention, which stud is designed for a different type, thicker partition member. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix b has been added. Thus, the partition members 26b forming wall assembly 20b comprise a conventional wall board panel of substantially thicker dimensions, the vertical edges of which have kerfs 142 formed therein. A representative thickness of the panel is three-fourths of an inch. The stud 40b comprises a central supporting web portion 42b and flanges 44b and 46b extending angularly from both sides of the opposite edge portions thereof approximately perpendicular to portion 42b and generally parallel to each other. Each flange has two extensions and 160, each projecting from one'of the two sides of the web portion 42b. One extension or part 150 of the flanges 44b and 46b is formed with a portion 60b which projects outwardly from the plane of the rest of the part 150. It is this portion 60b which is slotted with openings 64b to receive the brackets, as in the previous embodiment. The remainder or edge 152 or part 150 is bent back generally to lie in the plane of the extension 160. The edge 152 of the extension 150, and the extension are shaped to be essentially flat, providing the means necessary for interengaging the interior of the kerfs 142. The over-all cross-sectional configuration of the stud 40b, as in the previous embodiments, thus is H-shaped.
By the above construction, as shown with flange 46b, the partition members 26b are mounted with exterior surfaces 26b that are flush with the exposed slotted por- -tion 60b, the partition member-engaging portions of the flanges 44b and 46b being hidden from view. For this configuration of the assembly, the outward projection of the slotted portion 60b from the remainder 152 of the extension 150, and from the extension 160, is approximately 0.375 of an inch for partition members having a total thickness of 0.75 of an inch.
The stud 40b may be floating, i.e., notstructurally dependent in any way upon the floor or ceiling runners; or it may rest upon or be fixed to the floor runner, and- /or fixed to the ceiling runner. The stud may provide additional support to the back surface of the partition members in the form of knock-out'tabs, not shown.
A number of fabricating methods will be readily apparent for the stud 40b. Preferred examples, in the case where the stud is preferably metallic, are extrusion and roll forming. Thereafter, the slots or openings 64b can be punched or otherwise machined out.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate alternate forms of the embodiment of the bracket-engaging stud shown in FIG. 8, the stud being altered to accommodate both the brackets and the partition members in different positional relationships. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffixes c and d, respectively, have been added.
Thus, FIG. 9 illustrates a stud 40c identical to the stud 40b except that the extension 150C and the remainder or edge 152a thereof are all in the plane of the extension 160e, thereby providing completely flat flanges 44c and 460. Because the edge 152a and the extension 1600 are interengaged within the kerf 142 of the two partition members, as shown, flanges 44c and 460 result in the slots 640 of the slotted portion 600 of extension 1500 being at least partially hidden by partition members.
' In FIG. 10, the slotted portion 60d of the flanges 44d and 46d of the stud 40d is recessed even more from view. The extension 150d is itself recessed with respect to the edge portion 152d thereof, which along with the extension 160d lie in a common plane which projects considerably outwardly beyond the slotted portion 60d. This construction further insures that the slotted portion 6011! will be hidden by the partition members interengaged at their kerfs 142 by the flanges of the stud.
FIG. 11 illustrates a form of the stud similar to the stud shown in FIG. 9 and which is closely allied to the one of the floating studs disclosed and claimed in my copending U.S. application Ser. No. 77,997, filed on Oct. 9, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,732,657. Parts simithe , lar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral to which the distinguishing suffix 2 has been added. Thus stud 402 is characterized by a single partition-member interengaging flange 442, the extension 1602 of which is the only portion especially shaped and dimensioned to fit within the kerf 142 of the partition member 262. Thus the stud 402 interengages only one such partition member, permitting selective assembly and disassembly of the wall 202 without disturbing other neighboring partition members. The extension 1502 is shortened compared to the previous embodiments, so as to comprise solely the slotted portion 602. Yet another difference in stud 402 is the provision of a surface 170 at the edge48e of the web portion 422 which is especially shaped and adapted so as to rest against and abut in a supportive, non-interengaging fashion, the back surface of the opposite partition member. As shown, the surface 170 is preferably a flange of short length bent at the edge 482 so as to be properly spaced from the flange 442, i.e., spaced a distance approximately equal to the distance from the midpoint of one side of the wall 202 to the back surface of the opposite side of the wall. A knock-out tab 172 may be used to reinforce the back surface of the member 262, but it is not essential.
Because the stud 402 is interengaged with only one partition member, it is necessary that a second stud 180 be positioned adjacent to stud 402 generally back-toback therewith to interengage the adjacent partition member forming that side ofthe wall 202. The stud 180 is preferably identical with one of the embodiments shown and claimed in my aforesaid copending application. Accordingly, the specification of that application is incorporated herewith. The stud 180 can thus be characterized as having a kerf-engaging flange 182 projecting at an angle from the web portion 184, and generally perpendicular thereto. A knock-out tab 186 reinforces the back surface of the partition member 262 interengaged by the stud 180. A second flange 190 projecting from the edge portion of the web 184 opposite to the flange 182 and generally parallel to that flange provides the same limited function as does flange 170 for the stud 402.
The extension 1502 of the flange 442 of necessity must be spaced from, or at least not covered by, the flange 182 of the stud 180. Accordingly, the two studs 402 and 180 are preferably spaced apart by a shim or channel 200 to which one of the studs may be anchored. if it is desired that selective removai of a partition member not be possible, the shim 200 may be anchored to both the studs by a single bolt (not shown).
It will be readily apparent that the embodiment of FIG. 1 1 results in the slotted portion 602 being recessed from view in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 9. it will also be recognized by those skilled in the art that any of theembodiments shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 can be manufactured preferably from suitable metal by the techniques listed for the embodiment of FIG. 8.
it will thus be recognized that, in accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a great variety of differently shaped studs can be provided wherein the bracket standard is an integral part thereof. The slotted portion supporting the brackets can be exposed or covered. Even studs each of which is adapted to interengage only a single partition member can be so constructed. Thus, the invention is suitable in a variety of construction assemblies so that the attendant savings in manufacturing cost and time of assembly can be extended to many different types of wall construction.
Although this application sets forth certain preferred embodiments, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereto. Rather, it is intended that the invention cover all alternatives, alternate arrangements, and embodiments as may be included within the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed as exclusive property is:
l. A wall assembly having a minimum number of parts comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members and a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners, the studs being removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending outwardly from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a support web, at least one flange integrally extending from at least one edge of said web at an :angle thereto, means associated with said flange for engaging said stud with at least one of the members, and means integrally mounted on and vertically spaced along a portion of said flange for removably accommodating some of the brackets, said accommodating means being offset from the web portion.
2. The assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein said accommodating means include vertically spaced slots in said flange portion especially positioned and shaped to accomodate some of said brackets inserted therein.
3. The assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein said flange extends beyond both sides of said web portion, one of the extensions of said flange including said slotted portion.
4. The assembly as defined in claim 1, and further including means associated with said flange for engaging one of the studs with at least one of said members.
5. The assembly as deflned in claim 4, and further including a second flange projecting at an angle to said web portion, said second flange abutting in a noninterengaging fashion the back surface only of a partition member opposite to said one member.
6. The assembly as defined in claim 1, and further including means for covering said accommodating means I where brackets are not desired.
7. A wall assembly having a minimum number of parts, comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members removably fixed to the runners, a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners and removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a channel having a central web portion and legs, said web and said legs defining a generally H "-shaped cross sectional configuration,
said legs having as integral extensions of their ends means for engaging said partition members and at points between said ends and offset from said web means for accommodating said brackets.
8. In a wall assembly having a limited number of parts which include ceiling and floor runners, partition members and studs removably mounted with respect to the runners, and brackets extending outwardly from at least some of said studs, each of said studs having a support web and at least one flange extending from each edge of the web, one surface of said flange being abutted against the back surface of at least one of the partipartition members.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent 2.77892 jehemher 184 M272 lnventofls) Nels Nelsson It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 1, line 20, "and/pr" should read and/or Column 2, line 43, "fragmentaryand elevational view should read fragmentary end elevational view Column 3, line 7, "convered" should read covered Column 3, line 55, "barckets 36" should read brackets "36 Column 5, line 10, an" should read and Column 6, line 33, "surfaces 26b" should read surfaces Signed and sealed this 6th day of August 197A.
' (SEAL) Attest:
MCCOY M. GIBSON, JR. I C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents ORM Do-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC 6O376-P69 U.ST GOVERNMENT PRINTlNG OFFICE Z IQD 0-355-33.

Claims (8)

1. A wall assembly having a minimum number of parts comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members and a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners, the studs being removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending outwardly from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a support web, at least one flange integrally extending from at least one edge of said web at an angle thereto, means associated with said flange for engaging said stud with at least one of the members, and means integrally mounted on and vertically spaced along a portion of said flange for removably accommodating some of the brackets, said accommodating means being offset from the web portion.
2. The assembly as defined in claIm 1, wherein said accommodating means include vertically spaced slots in said flange portion especially positioned and shaped to accomodate some of said brackets inserted therein.
3. The assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein said flange extends beyond both sides of said web portion, one of the extensions of said flange including said slotted portion.
4. The assembly as defined in claim 1, and further including means associated with said flange for engaging one of the studs with at least one of said members.
5. The assembly as defined in claim 4, and further including a second flange projecting at an angle to said web portion, said second flange abutting in a non-interengaging fashion the back surface only of a partition member opposite to said one member.
6. The assembly as defined in claim 1, and further including means for covering said accommodating means where brackets are not desired.
7. A wall assembly having a minimum number of parts, comprising ceiling and floor runners, partition members removably fixed to the runners, a plurality of studs removably mounted with respect to the runners and removably engaged with said members, and brackets extending from at least some of said studs, said studs each being characterized by a channel having a central web portion and legs, said web and said legs defining a generally ''''H''''-shaped cross sectional configuration, said legs having as integral extensions of their ends means for engaging said partition members and at points between said ends and offset from said web means for accommodating said brackets.
8. In a wall assembly having a limited number of parts which include ceiling and floor runners, partition members and studs removably mounted with respect to the runners, and brackets extending outwardly from at least some of said studs, each of said studs having a support web and at least one flange extending from each edge of the web, one surface of said flange being abutted against the back surface of at least one of the partition members; the improvement comprising accommodating means projecting outwardly from the plane of said flange surface for removably accommodating some of the brackets, and at least one leg interposed between said accommodating means and said flange surface and extending between the partition members abutting said surface, said leg extending generally perpendicularly to said accomodating means and having a length which is no greater than the thickness of said partition members.
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US4231197A (en) * 1978-02-21 1980-11-04 Component Systems, Inc. Building system employing prefabricated wall panels
US4446669A (en) * 1980-09-30 1984-05-08 Acme Steel Door Corp. End channel member for space dividing system panel
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US8191331B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2012-06-05 Little Jr W Frank Demountable paneling system
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US6807776B2 (en) 2002-03-29 2004-10-26 Steelcase Development Corporation Building outfitting system with common accessory-mounting feature
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US20040049997A1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-03-18 Frank Wheeler Header apparatus and method for a structural framing system
US7484705B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2009-02-03 Steelcase Inc. Lighting adapter for partition frames
US20060010787A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-19 Hand Richard S Lighting adapter for partition frames
US20070062134A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-22 Chung Wen Y Cellularcrete wall system
US20110033693A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2011-02-10 Little Jr W Frank Tape
US10648153B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2020-05-12 W. Frank Little, Jr. Tape
US20110169386A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Silver Street, Inc. Wall mounting system for movably mounting modular institutional furniture and fixtures
US8434835B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2013-05-07 Silver Street, Inc. Wall mounting system for movably mounting modular institutional furniture and fixtures
US8196365B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2012-06-12 Inscape Corporation Modular wall system and connection

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