US3778358A - Zinc plating solution - Google Patents
Zinc plating solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3778358A US3778358A US00269396A US3778358DA US3778358A US 3778358 A US3778358 A US 3778358A US 00269396 A US00269396 A US 00269396A US 3778358D A US3778358D A US 3778358DA US 3778358 A US3778358 A US 3778358A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- acid
- solution
- per litre
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- YDJJYISOOCYHQU-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;disulfamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O YDJJYISOOCYHQU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- NJHVMXFNIZTTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tribromoethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC(O)C(Br)(Br)Br NJHVMXFNIZTTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VREVKZLUMZQJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SH2]=N Chemical class [SH2]=N VREVKZLUMZQJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloral hydrate Chemical compound OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002327 chloral hydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PMCYAZIDOVWKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC#CCS(O)(=O)=O PMCYAZIDOVWKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DNZMDASEFMLYBU-RNBXVSKKSA-N hydroxyethyl starch Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.OCCOC[C@H]1O[C@H](OCCO)[C@H](OCCO)[C@@H](OCCO)[C@@H]1OCCO DNZMDASEFMLYBU-RNBXVSKKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- Electrolyte solution for use in the electrodeposition of zinc comprises an aqueous solution of (A) zinc sulphamate and (B) fiuoroboric acid and/or one or more soluble salts of fiuoroboric acid and/or a combination of fluoroboric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
- Preferred solutions comprise 0.5 to 4 mols per litre zinc sulphamate and 0.01 to 0.5 mols per litre fluoroboric acid.
- Brightening agents e.g. 1 to 75 gms. per litre boric acid
- levelling agents e.g. 0.05 to 1 gm. per litre gelatin, may also be present.
- This invention relates to zinc plating solutions for the electrolytic deposition of zinc.
- electroplate various metallic substrates notably continuous steel strip and wire in order to provide protection from corrosion.
- a zinc anode is used which dissolves as electrolysis proceeds.
- Very many electrolyte solutions have been suggested and used in attempts to improve the speed of deposition, homogeneity and appearance of the zinc coating and to avoid the formation of dendritic deposits.
- Commonly used electrolyte solutions comprise a solution of chloride, sulphate, cyanide, fluoroborate or pyrophosphate salts of zinc.
- a diversity of other additives is also known which modify or improve the properties of electrolyte solutions in various respects.
- a limitation on electrolyte solutions is that the use of too high a current in attempts to accelerate the rate of electrodeposition leads to burning which is the production of a rough non-coherent deposit often containing oxides or other inclusions.
- the upper current density at which an electrolyte solution may be employed without giving rise to this effect is an important criterion of its utility.
- the invention provides an electrolyte solution for use in the electrodeposition of zinc which comprises an aqueous solution of (A) zinc sulphamate and (B) fluoroboric acid and/or one or more soluble salts of :tluoroboric acid and/or a combination of boric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
- the zinc sulphamate is preferably present in a concentration of from 0.5 to 4 molar, most preferably 1-2 molar and the lfluoroboric acid is preferably present in a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.5 molar, preferably 0.025 to 0.25, most preferably 0.08 to 0.12 molar, e.g. 0.1 molar.
- fluoroboric acid in the category (B) above may generally be employed in like quantitles as for fluoroboric acid, i.e. to give similar fluorine concentrations (expressed as atomic fluorine) in the solution.
- the fluoroborate salt or salts may be any salt or mixture of salts which are soluble and whose cations do not impair the zinc deposit. The incidence of such impairment may readily be ascertained by simple experiment. Suitable salts are the fluoroborates of zinc, ammonium, sodium and potassium. If desired a mixture of fluoroboric acid with one or more of such salts may be used. Combinations of boric acid and hydrofluoric acid, although offering advantages as additives to the electrolyte are less preferred but if used are preferably present in at least substantially 1:4 molar ratio boric: hydrofluoric acid, excluding any boric acid used as a brightening agent.
- novel electrolyte solutions should be an acidic solution having a pH of from 2 to 5, preferably 3 to 4, most preferably 3.6 to 3.8 e.g. 3.7 pH adjustment to the desired value may be effected for example, by addition to the electrolyte solution of zinc oxide or sulphamic acid.
- Preferred novel electrolyte solutions further comprise a brightening agent, most preferably together with a levelling agent which latter helps to reduce dendritic deposits.
- a brightening agent may be known materials for electroplating applications.
- Possible brightening agents include boric acid; sulphur-containing organic compounds such as aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulphonic acids and disulphonic acids such as 2- butyne-1,4-disulphonic acid and salts thereof, and the benzene, toluene or naphthalene sulphonic acids and alkali metal salts thereof; sulphonamides and sulphimides such as p-toluene-sulphonamide, benzene sulphonamide, o-benzoyl sulphonamide, alkyl sulphonic acids and alkali metal salts thereof; and O-sulpho-benzaldehyde; formaldehyde; chloral hydrate; bromal hydrate; coumarin and but
- Levelling agents include gelatin, glucose, starch, glue, goulac, polyethylene glycol, triethanolamine, gum of guar, fecula, products of the degradation of starch and fecula such as hydroxy ethyl starch, gluten, casein, albumin, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols and alkali metal silicates.
- the preferred brightening agent is boric acid, which is preferably present in a concentration of from 1 to g./l. more preferably 5 to 50 g./l., most preferably 15-25, e.g. 20 g./l.
- the aforesaid quantities exclude any additional boric acid which may be present together with hydrofluoric acid as component B of the electrolyte.
- the preferred levelling agent is gelatin which is preferably present in a concentration of from 0.05 to 1 g./l., most preferably from 0.1 to l g./l.
- novel solutions may further comprise other known additives for electrolyte solutions used in electroplating applications.
- novel electrolyte solutions may be used according to standard techniques of zinc electroplating. Operating temperatures are not critical, being generally from room temperature to boiling point, but are preferably in the range 25-60 C.
- the current densities employed may be considerably higher than has hitherto been acceptable in such applications. Under static conditions a current density up to 500 amps. s.f. may be possible whilst under conditions of agitation of the electrolyte solution; such as where a mechanical agitator is provided or in a strip line application where movement of the strip through the electrolyte solution causes rapid passage of the solution over the substrate surface, a current density of up to 800-1000 amps. s.f. may be found possible in preferred cases.
- Zinc electrodeposition processes wherein is used as an electrolyte solution a solution as hereinbefore defined constitute a further aspect of this invention.
- EXAMPLE I A solution containing zinc sulphamate (1.5 M) and fiuoroboric acid (0.1 M) having a pH of 3.7 was used as an electrolyte in a standard pull cell.
- the anode for the cell was made from thin zinc sheet and the cathode was degreased mild steel.
- the temperature of the cell was maintained in the range 35-40" C. and the electrolyte was essentially static.
- a current range of -20 amps. (corresponding to a current density of 0-1300 a.s.f.) was passed through the cell for minutes. It was found that even at the areas where the current densities had been as high as 1300 a.s.f. no burning was apparent and an even matt grey deposit was obtained on the cathode. Only inconsiderable dendritic growth was observed in the higher current density ranges.
- EXAMPLE II A solution containing zinc sulphamate (1.5 M) fluoroboric acid (0.1 M) and boric acid (20 g./l.) was used as an electrolyte in a cell of capacity of lis. Two anodes made of /2" zinc plate were used and the cathode was of degreased mild steel which was anodically etched in 10% sulphuric acid prior to insertion in the bath. The electrolyte which was maintained at a pH of 3.7 and a temperature in the range 3540 C. was maintained by continuous circulation of the solution through the cell. A current range O-100 amps.
- EXAMPLE III An electrolyte similar to that described in Example II was used, except that gelatin (0.5 g./l.) was added. As in the preceding experiment, a bright lustrous deposit was obtained, but on this occasion dendritic growth was suppressed to such a degree as to be negligible. No burning was observed.
- An electrolyte solution for use in the electrodeposition of zinc which comprises an acidic aqueous solution of (A) zinc sulphamate in a concentration of 0.5 to 4 molar and (B) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of fluoroboric acid, soluble salts of fluoroboric acid, and a combination of boric acid and hydrofluoric acid; said additive being present in an amount such as to give a fluorine concentration as atomic fluorine corresponding to a concentration of 0.01 to 0.5 molar of fluoroboric acid.
- a solution as claimed in claim 1 which contains zinc sulphamate in a concentration of 12 molar.
- a solution as claimed in claim 2 which contains fluoroboric acid in a concentration of 0.025 to 0.25 molar.
- a solution as claimed in claim 3 which has a pH of from 3.6 to 3.8.
- a solution according to claim 4 which contains boric acid as a brightening agent present in a concentration of from 5 to 50 gms. per litre in addition to any boric acid present together with hydrofluoric acid in a molar ratio of substantially 1:4 as said component (B) of the solution.
- a solution as claimed in claim 1 which contains an effective amount of a levelling agent selected from the group consisting of gelatin; glucose; starch; glue; goulac; polyethylene glycol; triethanolamine; gum of guar; fecula; products of the degradation of starch or fecula; gluten; casein; albumin; carboxymethyl cellulose; polyvinyl alcohols and alkali metal silicates.
- a levelling agent selected from the group consisting of gelatin; glucose; starch; glue; goulac; polyethylene glycol; triethanolamine; gum of guar; fecula; products of the degradation of starch or fecula; gluten; casein; albumin; carboxymethyl cellulose; polyvinyl alcohols and alkali metal silicates.
- a solution as claimed in claim 7 which contains an eflFective amount of a brightening agent selected from the group consisting of boric acid; aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulphonic acids and disulphonic acids and salts thereof; sulphonamides; sulphimides; alkyl sulphonic acids and alkali metal salts thereof; O-sulpho-benzaldehyde; formaldehyde; chloral hydrate; bromal hydrate; coumarin; and butyne-diol.
- a brightening agent selected from the group consisting of boric acid; aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulphonic acids and disulphonic acids and salts thereof; sulphonamides; sulphimides; alkyl sulphonic acids and alkali metal salts thereof; O-sulpho-benzaldehyde; formaldehyde; chloral hydrate; bromal hydrate; coumarin; and butyne-diol.
- a solution as claimed in claim 1 which has a pH of from 3 to 4.
- a solution as claimed in claim 1 which contains boric acid as a brightening agent, present in a concentration of from 5 to 50 gms. per litre in addition to any boric acid present together with hydrofluoric acid in a molar ratio of substantially 1:4 as said component (B) of the solution.
- a process for the electrodeposition of zinc wherein zinc is electrodeposited from a solution as claimed in claim 1.
- An electrolyte solution for use in the electrodeposition of zinc which comprises an acidic aqueous solution of from 0.5 to 4 moles per litre of zinc sulphamate; from 0.01 to 0.5 moles per litre of fluoroboric acid; from 1 to gms. per litre of boric acid and from 0.1 to 1 gm. per litre of gelatin.
- a solution as claimed in claim 12 having a pH of from 3 to 4.
- a solution according to claim 13 containing zinc sulphamate in a concentration of 1-2 molar; and boric acid in a concentration of from 5 to 50 gms. per litre.
- a process for the electrodeposition of zinc wherein zinc is electrodeposited from a solution as claimed in claim 12.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3389171A GB1393894A (en) | 1971-07-20 | 1971-07-20 | Zinc plating solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3778358A true US3778358A (en) | 1973-12-11 |
Family
ID=10358792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00269396A Expired - Lifetime US3778358A (en) | 1971-07-20 | 1972-07-06 | Zinc plating solution |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3778358A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2234325A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2146401B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1393894A (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7209816A (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3972788A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-08-03 | M & T Chemicals Inc. | Zinc anode benefaction |
| EP4541946A1 (de) * | 2023-10-20 | 2025-04-23 | Benteler Steel/Tube GmbH | Verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden einer zinkbeschichtung auf einem stahlsubstrat und stahlrohrprodukt |
-
1971
- 1971-07-20 GB GB3389171A patent/GB1393894A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-07-06 US US00269396A patent/US3778358A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-07-12 DE DE2234325A patent/DE2234325A1/de active Pending
- 1972-07-14 NL NL7209816A patent/NL7209816A/xx unknown
- 1972-07-19 FR FR7226086A patent/FR2146401B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3972788A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-08-03 | M & T Chemicals Inc. | Zinc anode benefaction |
| EP4541946A1 (de) * | 2023-10-20 | 2025-04-23 | Benteler Steel/Tube GmbH | Verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden einer zinkbeschichtung auf einem stahlsubstrat und stahlrohrprodukt |
| EP4541947A3 (de) * | 2023-10-20 | 2025-05-28 | Benteler Steel/Tube GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden einer zinkbeschichtung auf einem stahlsubstrat und stahlrohrprodukt |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2146401B1 (enExample) | 1976-10-29 |
| FR2146401A1 (enExample) | 1973-03-02 |
| GB1393894A (en) | 1975-05-14 |
| DE2234325A1 (de) | 1973-02-22 |
| NL7209816A (enExample) | 1973-01-23 |
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