US3774644A - Converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals - Google Patents

Converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3774644A
US3774644A US00238149A US3774644DA US3774644A US 3774644 A US3774644 A US 3774644A US 00238149 A US00238149 A US 00238149A US 3774644D A US3774644D A US 3774644DA US 3774644 A US3774644 A US 3774644A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transducer
bendable conduit
fluid
conduit
slots
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00238149A
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English (en)
Inventor
V Leutner
R Romes
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/02—Details, e.g. special constructional devices for circuits with fluid elements, such as resistances, capacitive circuit elements; devices preventing reaction coupling in composite elements ; Switch boards; Programme devices
    • F15C1/04—Means for controlling fluid streams to fluid devices, e.g. by electric signals or other signals, no mixing taking place between the signal and the flow to be controlled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
    • Y10T137/2202—By movable element
    • Y10T137/2213—Electrically-actuated element [e.g., electro-mechanical transducer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2224—Structure of body of device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2278—Pressure modulating relays or followers
    • Y10T137/2322—Jet control type

Definitions

  • Each plate is provided with rectangular extensions for mating with the soft iron pole pieces, and an armature portion having a fixed end and an opposite free movable end.
  • a coil is wound upon the armature portion for receiving electrical signals and modifying the strength and direction of the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet for urging the free end to move in one or another direction from the neutral position.
  • a fluid passage extending along the axis of symmetry of the armature injects liquid passing therethrough under a supply pressure toa pair of receiving nozzles symmetrically oriented about said axis of symmetry for receiving more or less fluid from said armature in dependence on the position of the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals.
  • a converter comprises a fluidic amplifier having a tube-like fluid passage or conduit.
  • the amplifier is fixed at one end and made from an elastic material, its free end being movable under the influence of an electromagnetic force.
  • the fluid passage is arranged to permit the flow of a fluid medium under a predetermined supply pressure. Its free end is located opposite to a pair of laterally spaced receiving nozzles.
  • the French Pat. No. 1,575,978 discloses a fluidic converter in which a jet pipe is fixed at one end to a cross-member of a metal block.
  • a rectangular or square metal plate is arranged on the free end of the jet pipe.
  • the metal plate cooperates together with two similar electromagnets which lie opposite each other.
  • the metal plate is positioned in the air gaps of both the C-formed, bent iron core electromagnets.
  • Both electromagnets are screwed to the metal block, which are again screwed to a base plate.
  • the free end of the jet pipe lies opposite a pair of cylindrical holes or nozzles provided in one of the base plates.
  • the nozzles are symmetrically positioned about the neutral position of the jet pipe but are oriented at an acute angle to each other.
  • the two nozzles form part of the output orifices at which differential pressures may be measured.
  • the known electrofluidic converter has a disadvantage in that it is constructed from very many individual parts. Also, these individual parts must be finished with great accuracy, their construction requiring substantial time and precision work. For these reasons, the known converter is very expensive in its construction.
  • the converter of the known variety is limited in the extent to which it may be reduced in size, because its elements can not be reduced in size when the cost of construction and assembly of the parts should remain economically justifiable.
  • the present invention for a converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals generally comprises electromagnet means having an air gap and producing a magnetic field across said air gap and means for charging the amplitude and direction of said magnetic field in response to electrical signals received by said electromagnet.
  • Fluid pressure amplifier means include elongated elastic armature means located in said air gap and having one end fixed to said electromagnet means and an opposite free end, said armature means being formed with a fluid passage therethrough having an inlet end in the region of said one end of said armature means and an outlet end at such free end, said outlet end being normally located in a neutral position and being deflected to either side of said neutral position upon change of direction of said magnetic field.
  • a pair of receiving nozzles are located opposite said outlet end for receiving in the neutral position of the latter equal amounts of fluid while in the deflected position of said outlet ends one of said receiving nozzles will receive a greater amount of fluid than the other so as to produce in said receiving nozzles a fluid pressure differential.
  • the fluid amplifier means including said armature means and said fluid passage therethrough as well as said receiving nozzles and at least portions of said electromagnet adjacent said air gap being formed by superimposed plate-shaped elements forming a unit.
  • the objects of the present invention are achieved by providing an electromagnet and a fluidic amplifier which forms a single integrated construction.
  • the amplifier is constructed from a number of stacked, plate-formed structural elements.
  • the construction of the present invention has the advantage that the main parts of the electro-fiuidic converter, i.e., the electromagnet and the fluidic amplifier, are joined without special connecting elements and form a single common supporting structure and an integrated construction.
  • the construction of the electrofluidic converter from plate-formed structural elements makes it additionally possible to utilize photochemical etching methods. These methods have the particular advantage that complicated forms can be built very accprately and with small cost.
  • the armature in accordance with the present invention is also provided with core extensions, on each side thereof, which are each connected by a soft iron pole piece to a magnetic pole of a permanent magnet, a coil being wound around the armature for receiving the electrical signals and modifying the magnetic field passing through the armature and normally created by the permanent magnet.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in cross section, of an electro-fluidic converter in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the converter shown in FIG. 1, showing the three plate-shaped structural elements which are stacked with one another on the final assembly.
  • an electro-fluidic converter is shown to comprise three stacked plate-shaped structural elements, an intermediate plate 1 and two cover plates 2, 3. These structural elements have the same contour.
  • the structural elements generally have a middle portion and two end portions. Near the end portions of the elements, rectangular projections 4, 5, 6 and 7 are provided, the projections 4 and 5 being respectively the top left and right two projections and the projections 6 and 7 being respectively the lower left and right projections as seen in FIG. 1.
  • rectangular bars 8 extend in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of symmetry of the converter. The width of the very narrow bars 8 is selected to just provide the required mechanical strength to withstand the stresses they are subjected to. Between the rectangular projections, 4,5 and 6,7 the coil 9 of the electromagnetic converter is wound around the bars 8.
  • slots 11 are provided adjacent to the bars 8 which run substantially parallel thereto.
  • the first slots 11 extend from the upper edges of the lower rectangular extensions 6, 7 up to the upper edges of the upper rectangular extensions or projections 4, 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the plate-shaped elements 2 and 3 serve as cover plates and are constructed identically with each other.
  • the intermediate element 1 varies slightly in its construction from the other elements, as to be described.
  • an armature 10 positioned within the lateral bars 8, is fixed at the lower end and free at the upper end.
  • the material from which the armature 10 is made, as well as its design, is such as to make it easily movable at its free end between the two bars 8 in response to changes in the magnetic field applied thereto, as will be hereafter described.
  • the material out of which the armature 10 is made from is a soft magnetic material such as soft iron.
  • the armature 10, at the lower end thereof is effectively held by a section which has a relatively small cross sectional area. This is accomplished by providing a pair of cross slots 13 which extend from the slots 11 inwardly as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the second slots 13 can be seen to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.
  • a further set of slots 14 is provided, which slots extend well into the armature 10, as shown, in a direction again substantially parallel to the axis of symmetry.
  • the armature 10 is provided with rib-like projections 15, which correspond with similar projections 16 on the inner edges of the rectangular extensions 4 and 5,
  • the rib-like projections on the armature and on the extensions mesh with one another and cooperate to maintain the reluctance of the air gap between the rectangular extensions 4 and 5 and the armature 10 at a substantially constant value independently of the lateral deflection of the armature 10 towards one of the extensions or the other.
  • each of the rectangular extensions namely the left extensions 4, 6 and the right extensions 5, 7, are symmetrically positioned in relation to the axis of symmetry of the converter in the assembled state.
  • the outer edges of the rectangular extensions are mated to make contact with two pole pieces 17.
  • the pieces 17 are selected to provide a good magnetic conducting path to the magnetic flux as to be described.
  • the top rectangular extensions 4, 5 are in contact with the upper portions of the soft iron pole pieces 17.
  • the lower rectangular projections 6, 7 from a pair of fixed air gaps 18, 19 with pole pieces 17.
  • a permanent magnet 17' having generally a C or U- shaped cross-sectional area as shown in FIG. 1 cooperates with the pole pieces 17, each of said pieces being in contact with one of the poles of the magnet 17'.
  • the coil 9 is wound around the armature 10 and extends substantially into the pole pieces 17 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the upper edges of the rectangular extensions 4, 5 and the lower edges of the lower rectangular extension 6, 7 define a distance which is equal to the height dimensions of both the pole pieces 17 and the permanent magnet 17'. It becomes clear, therefore, that the pole pieces as well as the plate shaped elements complete the magnetic circuit for the permanent magnet 17'.
  • the three plate shaped elements which form the structural building blocks of the electro-fluidic converter are shown to be of substantially similar contour.
  • the cover plate elements 2, 3 are each provided with holes 20 in the lower portion of the latter. These holes represent inputs ports for the fluid to be regulated, as to be described.
  • the intermediate element 1 is provided with a corresponding cut out 20 which, in the assembled state, is at least in partial alignment with the holes 20.
  • the intermediate element 1 is also provided with a conduit or fluid passage 21 which, in the assembled state, extends along the axis of symmetry of the converter.
  • the fluid passage 21 is substantially a slot which extends through the entire thickness of the intermediate element 1.
  • the cover elements 2, 3 do not possess slots along the axis of symmetry of the latter, and when the three elements are mated as shown in FIG. 1, the cover elements close opposite sides of the fluid passage 21 to thereby provide a closed conduit.
  • the fluid passage 21 is provided with a reduced cross sectional area, to thereby form a nozzle or orifice 22.
  • the nozzle 22, which normally lies along the axis of symmetry of the intermediate element 1, is interposed opposite two receiving nozzles 23, 24.
  • the nozzles 23, 24 are symmetrically placed about the axis of symmetry of the intermediate element 1 and are designed as diffusers having an inlet of small cross sectional area, the nozzles gradually increasing in cross sectional area in order to diffuse the liquids which are directed into the latter.
  • the cover plates 2, 3 are each provided with holes 25 and 26 which act as output ports, as to be described.
  • the enlarged portions 25', 26' of the receiving nozzles 23, 24 are substantially of the same dimensions as those of the holes 25 and 26, all these being at least partially in alignment in the assembled state of the converter.
  • the plate elements 1, 2 and 3 are also provided with holes 27 and 28 which are provided in the presently preferred embodiment for purposes of connecting either all the plate elements together, as by means of a bolt and screw, or for connecting the converter or mounting the same to another structural element.
  • the butterfly shaped openings 12 are provided in all of the plate shaped elements 1, 2 and 3 and can either be placed in communication with the free atmosphere or be connected by means of a tubeto a tank or reser- The operation of the device will now be described.
  • the converter has one input port and two output ports and 26. It will first be assumed that no electrical signals are applied to the coil 9. Under normal operating conditions, the fluid is fed into the input 20 at a predetermined supply pressure. The fluid is accordingly caused to flow up the fluid passage 21 through the nozzle 22. The fluid exits from the nozzle 22 and is generally dispersed in directions along the axis of symmetry of the converter. Some of this fluid will be intercepted by the receiving nozzles 23 and 24, the latter diffusing the same and causing the fluid to be transmitted into the corresponding holes 25 and 26 which constitute the output ports. Since the armature 10 is normally in its neutral position, both the receiving nozzles 23 and 24 receive an equal amount of liquid, and the resulting pressure at the output port 25 and 26 are the same or, stated another way, the pressure differential between the two output ports is zero.
  • the controlling element for changing the differential pressures is the armature 10 which, by means of mechanical positioning of the channel or fluid passage 21 and the nozzle 22 in relation to the receiving nozzles 23 and 24, causes more or less of fluid to be transmitted into the receiving nozzles 23 and 24, and a fluid differential pressure output signal results.
  • the permanent magnet 17' With no electrical signal applied to the coil 9, the permanent magnet 17' causes an exciting flux 29, 29 to flow from its north to its south pole as shown.
  • the permanent magnet products this magnetic flux, most of which is caused to pass through the low reluctance magnetic circuit consisting of the pieces 17 and the plate elements 1, 2 and 3.
  • the magnetic flux passes through the left pole piece 17, the rectangular projection 4, the air gap between the rib like projections 16 and 15, the armature 10, the air gap between the rib like projections 16 and 15, the rectangular extension 5 and the pole piece 17.
  • the flux In the lower part of the magnetic circuit the flux passes through the left pole piece 17, the fixed air gap 18, the rectangular extensions 6 and 7, the fixed air gap 19 and the right pole piece 17.
  • the air gaps 18 and 19 exhibit a magnetic reluctance which is substantially equal to that which exists between the armature 10 and the corresponding rectangular extensions 4, 5.
  • the overall reluctance in the upper path is substantially equal to that of the lower path.
  • the provision of the permanent magnet 17 is for the purpose of providing a steady state or biasing flux through the upper and lower magnetic paths as described above. Now when an electrical signal is applied to the coil 9, a current is caused to flow through the coil 9, and the latter generates a magnetic control flux 30, 30 in accordance with well-known principles.
  • the direction of the current flowing through the coil 9 is such that the magnetic control flux 30, 30' flows in a clockwise direction on the right-hand side of the converter and in a counterclockwise direction on the lefthand side of the converter.
  • the steady state and the control fluxes will tend to cancel one another on the top left-hand and in the lower right-hand portions of the converter while the fluxes will tend to reinforce one another in the top right and the lower left portions.
  • a force will be applied to the armature 10 towards the right which will cause the free or top end of the armature 10 to flex in that direction.
  • the control current is changed in its direction, so also changes the direction of the control fluxes 30, 30' and therewith thedirection of the force and the deflection of the armature 10.
  • the rib-like projections 15 on the armature 10 and the cooperating projections 16 on the rectangular extensions 4 and 5 intermesh with one another, as described above, and have the characteristic that the magnetic reluctance of the gap therebetween is not substantially modified by the deflection of the armature 10 and is, therefore, only dependent on the strength and direction of the control current.
  • the fluidic amplifier of the type discussed allows a gaseous or liquid fluid to be directed through the fluid passage 21 under a substantially constant supply pressure. After flowing through the fluid passage 21, the medium is passed through the nozzle 22 wherein the supply pressure under which the fluid exists in the fluid passage 21 is transformed into kinetic energy after passage through the latter.
  • the stream from the nozzle 22 is directed substantially equally to the left and right receiving nozzles 23 and 24.
  • the receiving nozzles 23 and 24 which are designed as diffusers, the kinetic energy of the streams of liquids is converted into pressure.
  • the resulting pressure at both of the output ports 25 and 26 is substantially equal.
  • the differential pressure output is substantially null.
  • the actual extent to which the pressure in one of the receiving nozzles increases is a function of the extent to'which the stream reaches the respective nozzle or how much of the kinetic energy containing stream passes into the nozzle. Since the amount of liquid intercepted by one of the receiving nozzles will be a function of the position of the nozzle 22 with relation thereto, this will also be directly proportional to the deflection of the armature 10 and therewith also with the input signal, i.e., the control current.
  • the openings 12 are shown open but normally a cover plate closes these openings and the liquid contained therein may either be discharged into the atmosphere or, by means of a suitable conduit, to a reservoir or'tank.
  • electro-fluidic converter it is also possible to design the electro-fluidic converter so that the inner side of the rectangular projections 4, as well as the external edges of the armature 10, 10' those smooth surfaces such as those of the fixed air gaps 18 and 19.
  • This is a simple construction which, however, is nevertheless usable or serviceable for providing differential pressure output signals.
  • the simple construction is particularly useful when only digital output signals are required.
  • the magnetic circuit be made from materials having good magnetic characteristics, such as soft magnetic material, e.g. soft iron is particularly advantageous.
  • the electrofluidic converter can, when for example large currents are required or when large differential pressures are anticipated, utilize a larger number of plates and/or fluid passages which are, however, similar to those described in accordance with the present invention.
  • the converter in accordance with the present invention is also useful in analog circuits since the differential pressures obtainable are continuously variable as a function of the current flowing through the coil 9, as explained above.
  • a transducer for converting electrical signals into pressure-fluid signals comprising, in combination, first means defining two receptor conduits having respective outlet ports connectable to a fluid-controlled device and having respective inlet ports located adjacent each other, and including a plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members forming a unitary bendable conduit having one end provided with an inlet connectable to a source of pressure fluid and having an other end provided with an outlet and having an internal flow path extending from said outlet, said bendable conduit being mounted at said one end with such an orientation that the outlet of said bendable conduit is located in the vicinity of said inlet ports but spaced from the latter to establish a branched path for the flow of fluid from the outlet of said bendable conduit simultaneously into both of said inlet ports; and electromagnetic means operative when energized for causing said bendable conduit to bend in dependence upon the energization of said electromagnetic second means in a direction and to an extent moving the outlet of said conduit towards one of said inlet ports and away from the other of said inlet ports to increase the fluid flow into the
  • said plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members includes at least one flat member comprising a portion having a cut-out defining at least a part of said internal flow path and comprising a further portion having another cut-out defining at least a part of one of said receptor conduits.
  • a transducer as defined in claim 1, wherein said plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members includes at least one flat member comprising a portion having a cut-out defining at least a part of said internal flow path and comprising a further portion having another cut-out defining at least part of both said receptor conduits.
  • a transducer as defined in claim 1, wherein said plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members includes at least one flat member having one cut-out defining at least a part of said internal flow path and also at least a part of one of said receptor conduits.
  • a transducer as defined in claim 1, wherein said plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members includes at least one flat member having one cut-out defining at least a part of said internal flow path and also at least part of both said receptor conduits.
  • a transducer as defined in claim 5, wherein said plurality of firmly joined laminated flat members includes two further flat members located at opposite sides of said first flat member and each having a surface portion overlying said cut-out of said one flat member and forming a wall of said internal flow path and a wall of each of said receptor conduits.
  • a transducer as defined in claim 8 wherein all the flat members of said plurality of firmly joined flat members have outer peripheries of identical configuration.
  • said electromagnetic second means further comprises two ferromagnetic yoke members each located to one respective side of said bendable conduit and each magnetically connecting the two generally rectangular projections located at the respective side of said bendable conduit, and further including permanent magnet means having a north pole connected to one of said yoke members and a south pole connected to the other of said yoke members.
  • said electromagnetic second means comprises means operative for causing said bendable conduit to bend in dependence upon energization of said second means substantially exclusively in direction parallel to the planes occupied by the facing major surfaces of said flat members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US00238149A 1971-04-24 1972-03-27 Converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals Expired - Lifetime US3774644A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2120076A DE2120076C3 (de) 1971-04-24 1971-04-24 Elektrofluidischer Wandler

Publications (1)

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US3774644A true US3774644A (en) 1973-11-27

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US00238149A Expired - Lifetime US3774644A (en) 1971-04-24 1972-03-27 Converter for converting electrical signals into fluid signals

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US (1) US3774644A (de)
JP (1) JPS5440707B1 (de)
AT (1) AT325332B (de)
DE (1) DE2120076C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2134461B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1385083A (de)
IT (1) IT957226B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965918A (en) * 1973-07-03 1976-06-29 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Electro-fluidic signal converter
US4445377A (en) * 1980-11-12 1984-05-01 The Garrett Corporation Pressure-to-electric output system for an angular rate sensor or the like
US4467984A (en) * 1980-11-12 1984-08-28 The Garrett Corporation Angular rate sensing apparatus and methods
US4475519A (en) * 1980-10-06 1984-10-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
US4796655A (en) * 1987-06-09 1989-01-10 Dowty Hydraulic Units Limited Fluid control devices

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3816748A1 (de) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-30 Teves Gmbh Alfred Hydraulikaggregat

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266514A (en) * 1964-04-20 1966-08-16 John D Brooks Signal summing point device for hybrid fluid and electronic controls
US3362296A (en) * 1965-08-20 1968-01-09 Bell Aerospace Corp Mechanical feedback stroke divider

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965918A (en) * 1973-07-03 1976-06-29 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Electro-fluidic signal converter
US4475519A (en) * 1980-10-06 1984-10-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
US4445377A (en) * 1980-11-12 1984-05-01 The Garrett Corporation Pressure-to-electric output system for an angular rate sensor or the like
US4467984A (en) * 1980-11-12 1984-08-28 The Garrett Corporation Angular rate sensing apparatus and methods
US4796655A (en) * 1987-06-09 1989-01-10 Dowty Hydraulic Units Limited Fluid control devices

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Publication number Publication date
FR2134461A1 (de) 1972-12-08
DE2120076B2 (de) 1973-12-20
FR2134461B1 (de) 1977-07-22
JPS5440707B1 (de) 1979-12-05
AT325332B (de) 1975-10-10
IT957226B (it) 1973-10-10
DE2120076C3 (de) 1974-07-18
GB1385083A (en) 1975-02-26
DE2120076A1 (de) 1973-06-14

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