US3774426A - Apparatus for and method of forming a workpiece - Google Patents

Apparatus for and method of forming a workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US3774426A
US3774426A US00127699A US3774426DA US3774426A US 3774426 A US3774426 A US 3774426A US 00127699 A US00127699 A US 00127699A US 3774426D A US3774426D A US 3774426DA US 3774426 A US3774426 A US 3774426A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
die
ram
forming
recited
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US00127699A
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J Jezik
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United States Steel Corp
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Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
    • B21D22/286—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies with lubricating or cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for and method of forming a workpiece are disclosed.
  • the apparatus for forming a workpiece has a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of the body, the die being adapted to register with the workpiece and the cavity and utilized for forming the workpiece.
  • a ram is adjacent the die assembly in registry with the workpiece and the die.
  • Lubricating means are adjacent the workpiece for coating one side of the workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles. The particles have a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of the die and the ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation.
  • the ram is operable to move the workpiece through the die and into the cavity to form the workpiece without embedding the abrasive particles in the one side of the workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of the one side of the formed workpiece, contamination of the one side of the workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of the one side of the formed workpiece.
  • a method of forming a workpiece includes the steps of:
  • a. receiving the workpiece in a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body registering the workpiece with the die preparatory for forming the workpiece;
  • abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles, the particles having a diameter less than five microns to prevent one member of the die and the ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • FIG. 8A is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 8A.
  • the method of making cans-of black plate included the step of alternating tinplate blanks with black .plate blanks so that the lubricity of .thetin on the *tinplate carried-over onto the diesiand provided anacceptable finish on'the black :plate. Furthermore, it appeared that for these reasons, anycommercial production :of drawn and ironed steel cans would require a minimaltin coatingto-obtainthe high polish necessary for lithography andto prevent alter-, ation of color values. Black'plate cans could not be made continuously as die-polishing requireddisassembly of the die pack when the cans become heavily scored. Since the application of my invention to drawing andironing of beverage cansfrom black plate, the die pack has not been disassembled for removal of scores or die pick-up inthe dies as wasrequired previously..
  • This patented composition of matter adapted to use in the art of configurating sheet metal by plastic deformation comprises about2 to 15 percent by weight of finely divided matter of the type exemplified by ground silica, ground pumice stone, ground alumina, ground limestone, ground emery dust, beryl, feldspar, and the like of about 250mesh fineness dispersed in an oleaginous vehicle, such as cutting lard, lard oil, tallow, woof fat, mineral oil and the like, and containing about 5% to 3.0 percent by weight of free fatty acid, such as plametic, oleic, stearic, tallow acid and the like, to stably maintain the finely divided matter in the vehicle.
  • an oleaginous vehicle such as cutting lard, lard oil, tallow, woof fat, mineral oil and the like
  • free fatty acid such as plametic, oleic, stearic, tallow acid and the like
  • the patented method of drawing a sheet of metal into a product by means of dies under heavy pressure includes the steps of coating the surfaces of the sheet of metal with the above described composition of matter to provide a layer on the sheet which assists the diesto bite into the metal of the sheet to facilitate plastic deformation but which particles also possess (1) the capacity to maintain separation of the surfaces of the sheet of metal and the surfaces of the dies to prevent scoring of the metal; and (2) the capacity to provide uniform frictional pressure over the areas of the dies, and drawing the sheet to form the product.
  • Montgomery embeds desirably the abrasive particles in the workpiece thereby weakening the wall of a workpiece, such as a container, a sheet, a wire, or the like. In the case of a sheet usable for a container or of a container, these embedded particles will contaminate the interior of such containersor reduce the reflectivity of the drawn surfaces.
  • Montgomery utilizes a draw ring die whichclampsdownonthe workpiece and exerts a pressure tending to retard the -flow of the workpiece with respect to the force of the ram.
  • the pressure pad, the outer punch and finally the inner ,punch replace the draw ring.
  • Montgomery polishestheworkpiecebut nottoa sufficient polish to permit lithographic printing thereon.
  • the particles should relatively harder than the sheet metal workpiece. 'l-havefound that forlong die life, the particles should be softerthan the'diesJFurthe the viscosity'of sthe vehicle shouldbe in therangeof about 25 to 800 SUSand preferably'in the range'of about 25-300 SUS ASTM TCL l-2Itest.
  • the apparatus for forming a workpiece has a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of the body, the die being adapted to register with the workpiece and the cavity and utilized for forming the workpiece.
  • a ram is adjacent the die assembly in registry with the workpiece and the die.
  • Lubricating means are adjacent the workpiece for coating one side of the workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles. The particles have a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of the die and the ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation.
  • the ram is operable to move the workpiece through the die and into the cavity to form the workpiece without embedding the abrasive particles in the one side of the workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of the one side of the formed workpiece, contamination of the one side of the workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of the one side of the formed workpiece.
  • a method of forming a workpiece includes the steps of:
  • a. receiving the workpiece in a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body registering the workpiece with the die preparatory for forming the workpiece;
  • abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles, the particles having a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of the die and the ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a die assembly or die pack showing a ram having an outer punch, inner punch, and stripping punch; a disc-like blank held in position by a pressure pack or plate; the lubricating means for introducing the abrasive lubricant; a first draw die assembly, a second draw die assembly, a first ironing or reducing die assembly, and a second reducing die assembly; and the finished fourth cup resting on a domingdie;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the first draw die assembly showing the first formed cup and the outer punch at the end of its travel against the bottom of the cavity in the top of the second 'draw die to hold down the first formed cup preparatory for the second draw operation and showing the stripper punch of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the second draw die assembly and the second formed cup with the inner punch at the bottom of the cavity of such second dra'w die assembly preparatory for the first ironing operation and omitting for clarity the stripper punch of FIGS. 1,2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 2,3 showing the third formed cup in the first reducing die assembly and the inner punch at the bottom of the cavity of such first reducing die assembly preparatory for the second ironing operation;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIGS. 2-4 showing the fourth formed finished cup in the second reducing die assembly and on the inner punch at the bottom of the cavity of the second reducing die preparatory for the doming and stripping operation;
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIGS. 2-5 showing the fourth formed finished cup clear of the die pack and the stripper means on the bottom of the frame of such die pack with such finished cup positioned at the end of the doming operation on the doming die and showing also the stripper punch (shown in FIG. 1), with both the stripper means and the stripper punch being in position preparatory for the stripping operation;
  • FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of the portion of a section of the wall of a workpiece formed with an abrasive lubricant having abrasive particles greater than about 5 microns (i.e., about 20 microns alumina) and showing the embedded abrasive particles in the polished outer wall, the weakening of the outer wall, and the reduced reflectivity of the surface of the section;
  • FIG. 8 is another photomicrograph, similar to FIG. 7, of a section of a portion of the wall of a workpiece formed with an abrasive lubricant having abrasive particles less than about 5 microns (i.e., about 0.3 micron alumina) showing the elimination of embedded abrasive particles in the surface of the section, elimination of the resultant defects shown in FIG. 7, the highly polished surface of the section suitable for lithographic printing thereon, and for easy cleaning and lacquering thereof;
  • FIG. 8A is a photograph of a fourth formed finished cup formed with a lubricant having about 0.3 microns alumina
  • FIG. 8B is a photograph of a fourth formed finished cup formed with a lubricant having about 20 microns alumina;
  • FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view of the can body, inner punch and stripper means in the closed position taken along the line 9-9 of FIG. 6 in the direction of the arrows and showing the stripper means in the closed position about the inner punch preparatory for the retraction of such inner punch so that the fourth formed finished cup is arrested by the closed half members of the stripper means (when the inner punch is retracted) and is stripped from such inner punch;
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view, for example, of a portion of a reducing die showing the improved land insert
  • FIG. 1 l is a schematic side elevational view of reducing rolls for reducing a sheet workpiece and showing "the lubricating means for applying the abrasive lubri- 'can't to both sides of the sheet; and
  • an apparatus for forming adisc-like workpiece blank 10- is indicated generally by the reference numetal 12.
  • the forming apparatus or die pack 12 shown in FIG. 1, has a frame or. housing (FIGS 1-6). Such die pack 12 is provided with a first draw die assembly 16' (FIGS. 1,2), a second'draw die assembly.18" (FIGS;
  • the blank 10 is suitably a disc-like metallic member formed of black plate steel or the like having a thickness T,,.(FIG. 2) of about 0.01 17 inch and an outside diameter D (FIG. 2) of about 6.062 inches as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a ram 24 (FIGS. 1-3) is disposed above. the first draw die assembly'16 in, registry withthe workpiece blank 10 and the first draw die asseinbly- 16.
  • Lubricating means 26 (FIG. 1) are disposed adjacent the work'- piece blank 10 for coating one or both sides of'the workpiece blank 10 with an abrasive lubricant (having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles having a diameter less than about microns) to prevent the die assemblies 16,18,20,22.and theram 24;
  • An external or preliminary lubricating means26a (FIG. 1) has a pair of noz? zles 28 (FIG. 1) for directing a supply of lubricant indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1 and the legend""from abrasive lubricant supply onto the outside surface a of the blank 10, held or positioned in registry with-the first draw die assembly 16 by a pressure pad 30 (FIGS. 1,2), which pressure pad 30 is held downagainst the blank 10 by pistons 32 (FIG. 1) of fluid cylinders 34 affixed to a frame 35.
  • the ram 24 (FIGS. 1-6) is operable to successively move the blank 10 through the first draw die assembly 16, etc. and into the cavity 36(FIG. 1), etc. associated with each of the successive die assemblies 16, etc. to form the workpiece 10 without embedding abrasive particles in one or both sides of the workpiece
  • a FIRST DRAW DIE ASSEMBLY 16 The blank 10 positioned by the pressure pad 30 with respect to the first draw die assembly 16 is shown in the dash-dot lines of FIG. 2 and is engaged by an outer punch 38 (FIGS. l3)-of the ram 24'as such ram 24 moves from the position shown in FIG. 1 into engagement with the blank 10.
  • Such first draw die assembly lfi has a body 40a (FIGS.
  • A' first spacer 46a separates the body 40a ofthe first draw die 16 from the second draw die assembly 18 (FIG. 2).
  • the body 40a is provided with a cavity 48a (FIGS. 1,2) adapted to receive the formed blank 10after such blank 10 has been forced through the die 44a.
  • the outer punch 38 of the ram 24 moves the blank 10 from the dash-dot line position shown in FIG. 2 and the solid line position shown in FIG. 1 into the solid line position'of FIG. 2 in the cavity 48a, until the outer punch 38 bottoms the now-formed first cup 50a (FIG. 2) against an upper tapered portion 52b of the second drawdie assembly 18.
  • FIRST DRAW- DIE LUBRICATING MEANS 26b As shown in FIG. 1, the under side 10b (FIGS. 1,2) of the blank 10 may be coated with the abrasive lubricant by afirst draw die lubricating means 26b (FIG. 1
  • This first draw die lubricating means 26b has a tank 54 or tanks 54- (FIG. 1) containing the abrasive lubricant, which tank 54 is connected by a line 56 or lines 56 (FIG. l)-through' a pump or pumps 58 (FIG. 1) to a manifold 60 having a series of upwardly extending apertures 62(FIG. l) for directing the abrasive lubricant fluid, as shown by the arrows in FIG. 1, against the under side 10b of the blank 10.
  • the first cup 50a- (FIG. 2) has the following approximate dimensional characteristics shown below:
  • the second draw operation results in an approximate 26 percent draw reduction in the diameter and about 24 percent wall reduction of 13 0.009 inch.
  • This third cup 50c has the following approximate dimensional characteristics:
  • a lubricating means 26d is associated with the first reducing die assembly 20 to lubricate the outside of the third cup 500 preparatory for the second reducing operation.
  • Such lubricating means 26d has an inlet line 68 leading to a ring type manifold'70 disposed in the body 40c of the first reducing die assembly 20 about the side walls of the cavity 480 to coat the outside surface of the third cup 50c preparatory for the second reducing operation.
  • the first reducing operation performs about a 28 percent reduction of the wall thickness of the cup 50c from about 0.009 inch to about 0.0065 inch.
  • such fourth cup 50d may be stripped from the inner punch 64 by either of two means.
  • a stripping punch 84 (FIGS. 1,2,6) in the ram 24 remains in contact with thedoming die 74 while the inner punch 64 is retracted through the opening or discharge aperture 72 in the housing 14.
  • the stripping means 82 shown in FIGS. 1,6, and 9 may close about the inner punch 64 (FIG. 9) to strip the fourth cup 50d from the retracting inner punch 64.
  • the stripping means 82 has a mounting plate 86 on which the generally semi-circular half members 88 are provided at 90.
  • Each of the half members 88 are provided with projecting arms 92 (FIG. 9) which arms 92 are normally biased apart by a spring 94.
  • Adjacent the outer surface of each of the arms 92 (FIG. 9) are positioned a pair of mini fluid cylinders 96 having their pistons 98 in engagement with such arms 92.
  • Inlet and outlet lines 100 and 102 control the movement of the piston 98.
  • the mini fluid cylinders 96 are energized through inlet line 100 to move the plungers or pistons 98 forward against the biasing action of the spring 94 to close the half members 88 about the inner punch 64, so that when the inner punch 64 is retracted, the fourth cup 50d engages the now-closed half members 88 to strip the fourth cup 50d from the retracting inner punch 64.
  • the vehicle employed in the abrasive lubricant may be either water based or oil based and, for example, may be one of the following:
  • ATLANTIC SOLUBLE 4 the trade name for a water based vehicle manufactured by the Atlantic Richfield Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
  • DIE-GARD 210 a water based lubricant manufactured under such trade name by the Riley-Whiteman Walton Company, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania;
  • DUO-KOTE 58 a trade name for an oil-based lubricant manufactured by such Riley-Whiteman Walton Company.
  • RYCOSOL 69 a trade name for a water based lubricant manufactured by Riley-Whiteman Walton Company, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
  • the abrasive particles may be selected from the group consisting of alumina, emery dust, pumice stone, beryl, silica, feldspar, limestone, alpha form aluminum oxide, gamma form aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, diamond paste, or the like.
  • the vehicle should have a viscosity in the range of about 25 to 800 SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds), a measure of viscosity by the length of time the particular vehicle requires to pass through a standard orifice of specified dimensions at a specified temperature, such as 100F. Desirably, such vehicle should have a viscosity in the range of about 25-300 SUS. In addition, the vehicle should have a coefficient of friction in the range of about 0094-0236.
  • Such abrasive lubricant should contain the above described abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 3.3 to 20.0 percent of the vehicle or abrasive lubricant and, preferably, in the range by volume of 15.0-20.0 percent of the vehicle.
  • Table I shown below shows examples of selected abrasives in any one of the lubricants cited above:
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show embedded abrasive particles, which embedded particles weaken the wall of the section, thereby providing reduced reflectivity of the surface of such section.
  • the scoring and galling of such surface by the over-size abrasive particles is similar to the longitudinal streaks shown in FIG. 8B.
  • FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a section of the workpiece (formed with an abrasive lubricant having abrasive particles less than about 5 microns of the type shown in Table I above) and shows the elimination of embedded abrasive particles in the surface of the can wall; the elimination of resulting deleterious results shown in FIG. 7; and the highly polished surface (FIG. 8A) of the section suitable for lithographic printing thereon and easy cleaning and laquering thereof.
  • any one of the above described dies 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d may be provided with a land insert 104 formed of one of the group consisting of plasmaarc fused zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, silica carbide, zirconium silicate, mulite, and the like.
  • land insert 104 may be deposited in the land insert cavity 106 of the die 44c by the plasma arc method and apparatus of the type described in the following patents:
  • a sheet 10s passes between the reduction rolls 108 (backed by backing rolls 110) of a sheet reduction mill 112.
  • lubricating means 26e feed the abrasive lubricant through a supply line 114 to nozzles 116 to coat both sides of the sheet 10s, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the drainage or residue of the abrasive lubricant is collected in a tank 118.
  • FIG. 12 shows a workpiece in the form of a wire 10w passing through a reduction die 44c in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 12. Again, prior to entrance of the wire 10w through the die 44e, lubricating means 26f coat the abrasive fluid onto the wire 10w.
  • Apparatus for forming a workpiece having:
  • a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body and adapted to register with said workpiece and said cavity and for forming said workpiece;
  • lubricating means adjacent said workpiece for coating one side of said workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles; f 1. said particles having a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • said ram being operable to move said workpiece through said die and into said cavity to form said workpiece without embedding said abrasive particles in said one side of said workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of said one side of said formed workpiece, contamination of said one side of said workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of said one side of said formed workpiece;
  • said abrasive lubricant contains said abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 3.3 to 20.0 percent and has a viscosity in the range of about 25 to 800 SUS.
  • abrasive particles are one of a group consisting of alumina, emery dust, pumice stone, beryl, silica, feldspar, limestone, alpha form aluminum oxide, gamma form aluminum oxide, chrome oxide, cerium oxide, and diamond paste.
  • stripping means has a pair of half members pivoted on said die assembly, biasing means for normally maintaining said half members in the open position, and drive means associated with said half members for moving said half members into the closed position about said ram so that said workpiece is arrested by said closed half members when said ram is retracted through said die assembly.
  • said die insert is formed of one of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium silicate and mulite.
  • said land insert is formed of one of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium silicate and mulite.
  • abrasive lubricant contains abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 15 to 20%.
  • said particles having a diameter less than f ve microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • abrasive lubricant containing said abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 3.3 to 20.0 percent and has a viscosity in the range of about 25 to 800 SUS;
  • abrasive particles which are one of a group consisting of alumina, emery dust, pumice stone, beryl, silica, feldspar, limestone, alpha form aluminum oxide, gamma form aluminum oxide, chrome oxide, cerium oxide, and diamond paste.
  • the method recited in claim 29 including the step of stripping said workpiece from said ram by a stripper 48.
  • the method recited in claim 47 including the step of forming said workpiece with a die insert formed of tungsten carbide.
  • the method recited in claim 47 including the step of forming said workpiece with a die insert formed of one of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium silicate and mulite.
  • the method recited in claim 50 including the step of forming said workpiece with a land insert formed of one of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium silicate and mulite.
  • the method recited in claim 29 including the step of using a vehicle having a viscosity in the range of about 25 to 300 SUS.
  • a ram adjacent said die assembly in registry with said workpiece and saiddie; and lubricating means adjacent said workpiece for coating one side of said workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles, said particles having a diameter less than live microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation; said ram being operable to move said workpiece through said die and into said cavity to form said workpiece without embedding said abrasive particles in said one side of said workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of said one side of said formed workpiece, contamination of said one side of said workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of said one side of formed workpiece;
  • a. stripper means for forcing said formed workpiece off said ram.
  • stripping means has a pair of half members pivoted on said die assembly, biasing means for normally maintaining said half members in the open position, and drive means associated with said half members for moving said half members into the closed position about said ram so that said workpiece is arrested by said closed half members when said ram is retracted through said die assembly.
  • Apparatus for forming a workpiece having:
  • a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body and adapted to register with said workpiece and said cavity and for forming said workpiece;
  • lubricating means adjacent said workpiece for coating one side of said workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles,
  • said particles having a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • said ram being operable to move said workpiece through said die and into said cavity to form said workpiece without embedding said abrasive particles in said one side of said workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of said one side of said formed workpiece, contamination of said one side of said workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of said one side of said formed workpiece.
  • Apparatus for forming a workpiece having:
  • a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body and adapted to register with said workpiece and said cavity and for forming said workpiece;
  • lubricating means adjacent said workpiece for coating one side of said workpiece with an abrasive lubricant having a liquid vehicle containing finely divided abrasive particles;
  • said particles having a diameter less than about five microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • said ram being operable to move said workpiece through said die and into said cavity to fonn said workpiece without embedding said abrasive particles in said one side of said workpiece thereby eliminating weakening of the wall of said one side of said formed workpiece, contamination of said one side of said workpiece with abrasive particles and reduced reflectivity of said one side of said formed workpiece;
  • said abrasive lubricant contains said abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 3.3 to 20.0 percent.
  • a. receiving said workpiece in a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body and registering said workpiece with said die preparatory for forming said workpiece;
  • said particles having a diameter less than five microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • a. receiving said workpiece in a die assembly having a body provided with a cavity adapted to receive the formed workpiece and a die at one end of said body and registering said workpiece with said die preparatory for forming said workpiece;
  • said particles having a diameter less than five microns to prevent one member of said die and said ram from picking up workpiece particles during the forming operation;
  • said abrasive lubricant containing said abrasive particles in the range by volume of about 3.3 to 20.0 percent;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
US00127699A 1971-03-24 1971-03-24 Apparatus for and method of forming a workpiece Expired - Lifetime US3774426A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3924437A (en) * 1972-02-11 1975-12-09 K M Engineering Ag Process for the non-cutting production of sheet steel containers
US3930396A (en) * 1974-09-30 1976-01-06 Reynolds Metals Company Die system for can body press
US3945231A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-03-23 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Limited Process and apparatus for preparation of thin walled cylindrical vessels
JPS51144366A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-12-11 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Equipment for press working
JPS524465A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-01-13 Metal Box Co Ltd Method and equipment for coated articles
US4048934A (en) * 1976-07-29 1977-09-20 Reynolds Metals Company Method of bottom embossing
US4183236A (en) * 1978-01-30 1980-01-15 Trw Inc. Method of isothermal forging
US4217770A (en) * 1977-08-24 1980-08-19 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Drawing hollow blanks in multiple steps
WO1982002683A1 (en) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-19 Steel Corp Nat Improved steel container stock,methods of forming drawn and ironed containers therefrom,and containers formed thereby
WO2001097995A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2001-12-27 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Drive for a hold down assembly of a can bodymaker and method of use thereof
WO2007066172A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Corus Staal Bv Process for producing a container and apparatus for producing a container using said process
WO2014164945A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-10-09 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Toolpack for vertical bodymaker
EP4129515A4 (en) * 2020-03-27 2024-04-10 Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd. Method for manufacturing closed-end cylindrical body

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US3924437A (en) * 1972-02-11 1975-12-09 K M Engineering Ag Process for the non-cutting production of sheet steel containers
US3945231A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-03-23 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Limited Process and apparatus for preparation of thin walled cylindrical vessels
US3930396A (en) * 1974-09-30 1976-01-06 Reynolds Metals Company Die system for can body press
JPS51144366A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-12-11 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Equipment for press working
JPS524465A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-01-13 Metal Box Co Ltd Method and equipment for coated articles
US4048934A (en) * 1976-07-29 1977-09-20 Reynolds Metals Company Method of bottom embossing
US4217770A (en) * 1977-08-24 1980-08-19 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Drawing hollow blanks in multiple steps
US4183236A (en) * 1978-01-30 1980-01-15 Trw Inc. Method of isothermal forging
WO1982002683A1 (en) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-19 Steel Corp Nat Improved steel container stock,methods of forming drawn and ironed containers therefrom,and containers formed thereby
WO2001097995A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2001-12-27 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Drive for a hold down assembly of a can bodymaker and method of use thereof
WO2007066172A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Corus Staal Bv Process for producing a container and apparatus for producing a container using said process
WO2014164945A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-10-09 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Toolpack for vertical bodymaker
US9387530B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-07-12 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Toolpack for vertical bodymaker
CN106311854A (zh) * 2013-03-12 2017-01-11 斯多里机械有限责任公司 用于竖直制罐机的工具包
US10427204B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2019-10-01 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Toolpack for vertical bodymaker
US11278952B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2022-03-22 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Toolpack for vertical bodymaker
EP4129515A4 (en) * 2020-03-27 2024-04-10 Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd. Method for manufacturing closed-end cylindrical body

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