US3773259A - Installation for detonation working of materials - Google Patents

Installation for detonation working of materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3773259A
US3773259A US00271202A US3773259DA US3773259A US 3773259 A US3773259 A US 3773259A US 00271202 A US00271202 A US 00271202A US 3773259D A US3773259D A US 3773259DA US 3773259 A US3773259 A US 3773259A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
chamber
nozzles
mixing
working
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00271202A
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English (en)
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A Zverev
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0006—Spraying by means of explosions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/10—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation
    • G01F11/12—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements
    • G01F11/14—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements wherein the measuring chamber reciprocates
    • G01F11/18—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements wherein the measuring chamber reciprocates for fluent solid material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An installation for detonation working of materials comprising a working chamber communicating with a metering device supplying the material to be treated and with a mixing chamber which prepares the explosive mixture.
  • the mixing chamber is provided with a lateral partition in which nozzles are installed which improve mixing of the explosive mixture components.
  • the present invention relates to devices which utilize the effect of detonation in real gases for working of materials according to which, if an elongated tube closed at one end is filled with an explosive mixture capable of exothermic reaction and said mixture is ignited at the closed end of the tube by means of, say, an electric spark, the flame front will propagate at an everincreasing speed until a detonation wave appears at a certain distance from the point of ignition.
  • Such a wave has constant high pressure and temperature and propagates with a constant and maximum possible speed for the given explosive and given conditions, said speed reaching approximately 2-4 km/s.
  • the present invention can be used most successfully for the application of inorganic coatings such as carbides of tungsten, titanium, boron, molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum and various oxides of these metals and alloys applied to metallic and non-metallic materials.
  • inorganic coatings such as carbides of tungsten, titanium, boron, molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum and various oxides of these metals and alloys applied to metallic and non-metallic materials.
  • These devices comprise a working chamber for treating the material, made in the form of a cylindrical calibrated tube closed at one end and having a certain length and diameter sufficient for the initiation of a detonation wave, a device for delivering the powder to be sprayed (metering device) and a mixing chamber where the components of the explosive mixture are mixed together.
  • the mixing chamber has valves for the delivery of the components of the combustible mixture, i.e., of a fuel gas and oxidizer and another valve for the admission of a scavenging gas. All these valves are linked kinematically with the camshaft of the electric control drive.
  • the rotating camshaft opens the valves in a definite sequence, admitting the components of the combustible mixture into the mixing chamber.
  • the combustible mixture prepared in this chamber enters the working chamber simultaneously with the spraying powder.
  • the valves close and the mixing chamber is filled with the scavenging gas (nitrogen) after which the combustible mixture is ignited.
  • the detonation of the mixture creates high pressure and temperature in the working chamber, accompanied by violent liberation of gaseous products.
  • the products of explosion strongly compressed at the moment of detonation, serve as physical agents whose conversion causes an instantaneous transition of the potential energy of the explosive mixture into the kinetic energy of the moving gases. This energy is transmitted to the particles of the spraying powder suspended in the flow of gases; as a result, these particles are heated, accelerated and, flying out of the working chamber tube, form a coating on the surface of a part.
  • the velocity of the detonation wave depends on the percentage of fuel and oxidizer in the mixture. Prevalence of one of the components exerts a corresponding influence both on the velocity of the detonation wave and on the spraying powder, thereby influencing the quality of the produced coatings.
  • Still another disadvantage of such installations lies in insufficient reliability due to a large number of mechanical elements.
  • An object of the present invention resides in providing an installation for detonation working of materials with such a mixing chamber which would ensure preparation of a homogeneous mixture from the components of fuel, oxider and neutral gas and the possibility of controlling both the volume of the component portions and that of the already prepared mixture entering the working chamber.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a possibility for a quick change of the programs for the application of coatings of various materials under various conditions of application, and a maximum versatility of the installation and simplicity of its readjustment to different working conditions for the use of various materials.
  • the mixing chamber has a lateral partition dividing it into a discharge space connected with the sources of explosive mixture composelecting the explosive components, including liquid ones.
  • the nozzles should be arranged in concentric rows coaxially with the outlet hole of the mixing chamber and that the discharge space should be provided with concentric partitions between these rows of nozzles, said partitions dividing said space into closed circular spaces, each connected with the source of one of the explosive mixture components.
  • This provides for the control of both the individual percentage of each explosive component and the volume of the portion entering the working chamber.
  • the installation can utilize spray nozzles whose axes in each row are set at the same angle to the axis of the outlet hole of the mixing chamber, said angle ensuring the intersection of the jets of all the explosive mixture components.
  • the lateral partition can be made in the form of a disc provided in the middle with a projection in the shape of a truncated cone directed towards the outlet hole of the mixing chamber while on the periphery said disc has an inverted truncated cone whose walls are provided with calibrated through holes used in the capacity of spray nozzles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic general view of the installation for detonation spraying of coatings
  • FIG. 2 is fragment A in FIG. 1, longitudinal section
  • FIG. 3 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 2.
  • the installation is designed for detonation spraying of protective coatings.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises a working chamber 1 (FIG.1) in the fonn of an elongated calibrated cylindrical tube closed at one end, and having a certain length and diameter which are sufficient for the initiation and propagation of a detonation wave in said tube.
  • the chamber 1 is communicated with a mixing chamber 3 through a coil 2 with a nonreturn valve.
  • a metering device 4 installed on the working chamber 1 supplies accurately metered portions of the powdered coating.
  • the mixing chamber 3 has an airtight body 5 (FIG.2) with a lateral partition 6 inside, said partition dividing the mixing chamber 3 into a mixing space 7 and a discharge space which, in its turn, is divided by three concentric partitions 8, 9 and 10 and circular covers 1 1, 12 and 13 of the body 5, which are coaxial with the axis of the outlet hole 14 of the mixing chamber 1, into three circular discharge spaces l5, l6 and 17.
  • Each of these spaces 15, 16 and 17 is communicated by respective electromagnetic valves 18, 19 and 20 (FIGJ), a filter 21 and a respective pipe 22, 23 and 24 with the source (not shown) of one of the components of the explosive mixture.
  • the mixing space 7 of the chamber 3 communicates with the inlet of the working chamber 1 through an outlet opening 14 in the pipe connection 25 of the body 5, the inner end of said pipe connection being set at a distance h" from the front face of the partition 6, said distance ensuring a maximum rate of flow through the outlet hole 14 of the mixing chamber 3.
  • the lateral partition 6 is made in the form of a disc whose central part has a projection 26 in the form of a truncated cone directed towards the outlet hole 14 of the chamber 3 while on the periphery it has an inverted truncated cone whose walls 27, 28 and 29 have calibrated through holes used as spray noule's 30, 31 and 32 whose outlet orifices 33, 34 and 35 are directed towards the mixing space 7.
  • the noules 30, 31 and 32 are arranged in concentric rows 36, 37 and 38 (FIG.3) coaxially with the outlet hole of the mixing chamber 3, each row 36, 37 and 38 of the nozzles being supplied from the respective circular spaces l5, l6 and 17 which are in communication through pipe connections 39, 40 and 41 with the source of the respective mixture component.
  • the discharge space 15 communicates with the source of oxidizer (oxygen), the discharge space 16 is supplied with fuel (acetylene) and the discharge space 17, with neutral gas (nitrogen).
  • oxygen oxygen
  • the discharge space 16 is supplied with fuel (acetylene) and the discharge space 17, with neutral gas (nitrogen).
  • the axes of the nozzles 30, 31 and 32 of each concentric row 36, 37 and 38 are directed at the same angle a,, a and oz respectively, which ensures intersection of the jets of all the explosive mixture components (in this case a, 0).
  • the body 5 of the chamber 3 is removable to ensure free access to the nozzles for inspection and is held by screws 42 to the partition 6.
  • the tightness of the joint is ensured by a sealing ring 43 located in a circular groove.
  • the installation comprises an electronic'control unit 44 (FIG.1) a I-I.T. pulse generator 45 and a spark plug 46 for igniting the emplosive mixture.
  • the unit 44 sends strictly coded pulses (their direction is shown by arrows in FIG.1) to the electromagnetic control valves 18, 19 and 20.
  • the control unit 44 also sends a signal to the HT. pulse generator 45 which sends a pulse to the spark plug 46 for igniting the explosive mixture in the working chamber 1.
  • the operational cycle of the detonation installation consists in the following.
  • the electromagnetic valves 18, 19 and 20 (for oxidizer, fuel and neutral gas) are opened; the neutral gas valve 20 may be either Open or Closed depending on the required percentage of the explosive mixture components.
  • the last-mentioned factor becomes particularly important if one of the explosive components is liquid.
  • the neutral gas is supplied from a separate electromagnetic valve (not shown in the drawing). In such a case all the valves are controlled from one and the same control unit 44.
  • the components of the explosive mixture enter the mixing space 7 where they are mixed and form a homogeneous explosive mixture which fills the working chamber 1, passing through the outlet hole 14 of the pipe connection 25 of the body 5 of the mixing chamber 3, then through the non-return valve 3 and coil 2.
  • the quantity of the sprayed powder is controlled by the metering device 4.
  • control unit sends a signal for opening the neutral gas valve and another signal to the H.T. pulse generator 45 which, in turn, sends a pulse to the spark plug 46 for igniting the explosive mixture.
  • the mixture is ignited with a certain delay and, on completion of the process, the working chamber 1 is scavenged with a neutral gas and the working cycle is repeated over again.
  • the installation according to the invention produces a truly homogeneous explosive mixture and delivers it into the working chamber.
  • the stability of the composition and the homogeneity of the produced explosive mixture have improved materially the initiation, formation and propagation of a stationary detonation wave which, in turn, has improved the quality of the applied coatings.
  • Another advantage of the present invention lies in that such operations as changing the programs of the coating application, increasing or decreasing the portion of one of the explosive mixture components supplied into the mixing chamber, increasing or decreasing the time of scavenging, changing the beginning and end of the spraying cycle and the time of ignition delay, accelerating or slowing down the rate of explosions, etc. are performed at a distance, directly from the operators control desk.
  • An installation for detonation working of materials comprising: a working chamber in the form of a cylindrical tube closed at one end; a metering device communicating with said working chamber and supplying it with the treated material; a mixing chamber communicating with said working chamber and supplying it with explosive mixture; a lateral partition installed in said mixing chamber and dividing it into a discharge space communicating with the source of the explosive mixture components and a space for mixing these components, located at the outlet hole of the mixing chamber; nozzles installed in said partition and communicating said discharge space with said mixing space.
  • An installation according to claim 2 comprising spray nozzles whose axes in each row are directed at the same angle to the axis of the mixing chamber outlet hole, said angle ensuring intersection of the jets of all the mixture components.
  • lateral partition is made in the form of a disc whose central part has a projection in the form of a truncated cone directed towards the outlet hole of the mixing chamber while on the periphery it has an inverted truncated cone whose walls have calibrated holes used as spray nozzles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
US00271202A 1971-07-12 1972-07-12 Installation for detonation working of materials Expired - Lifetime US3773259A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1675700 1971-07-12

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US3773259A true US3773259A (en) 1973-11-20

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US00271202A Expired - Lifetime US3773259A (en) 1971-07-12 1972-07-12 Installation for detonation working of materials
US00271189A Expired - Lifetime US3797709A (en) 1971-07-12 1972-07-12 Volumetric metering apparatus

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US00271189A Expired - Lifetime US3797709A (en) 1971-07-12 1972-07-12 Volumetric metering apparatus

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US (2) US3773259A (OSRAM)
CS (2) CS160341B1 (OSRAM)
DD (2) DD97869A1 (OSRAM)
FR (2) FR2147988B1 (OSRAM)
HU (1) HU165107B (OSRAM)
IT (2) IT961343B (OSRAM)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004735A (en) * 1974-06-12 1977-12-25 Zverev Anatoly Apparatus for detonating application of coatings
US4215819A (en) * 1977-12-20 1980-08-05 Andruschak Oleg A Apparatus for explosive application of coatings to articles
US4258091A (en) * 1979-02-06 1981-03-24 Dudko Daniil A Method for coating
US4319715A (en) * 1977-12-20 1982-03-16 Garda Alexandr P Apparatus for explosive application of coatings to articles
EP0134569A1 (de) * 1983-09-05 1985-03-20 INTERATOM Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Löten und/oder zur Oberflächenbeschichtung von Werkstücken
US4687135A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-08-18 Institut Problem Materialovedenia Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr Detonation-gas apparatus for applying coatings
US4826734A (en) * 1988-03-03 1989-05-02 Union Carbide Corporation Tungsten carbide-cobalt coatings for various articles
US4902539A (en) * 1987-10-21 1990-02-20 Union Carbide Corporation Fuel-oxidant mixture for detonation gun flame-plating
US5223332A (en) * 1990-05-31 1993-06-29 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Duplex coatings for various substrates
US5542606A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-08-06 Demeton Usa, Inc. Gas detonation spraying apparatus

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913795A (en) * 1974-07-29 1975-10-21 Eppco Pulsating powder metering and dispensing device
US4163582A (en) * 1977-01-08 1979-08-07 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Pneumatic stowing apparatus
DE2707266A1 (de) * 1977-02-19 1978-08-24 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Verfahren zur vergasung von feinkoernigen bis staubfoermigen brennstoffen
US4162868A (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-07-31 Browne Hubbard P Invalid feeding device
US4184258A (en) * 1978-01-30 1980-01-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Powder blower device
US4305531A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-12-15 Dooley Dan W Pneumatically operated controlled volume dispensing device
DE2914238C2 (de) * 1979-03-02 1981-04-23 Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Tonerdezuführung mittels einer Dosiervorrichtung
US4830547A (en) * 1984-12-07 1989-05-16 The Boeing Company Rivet manifold feed device
DE3507032A1 (de) * 1985-02-28 1986-08-28 Hans Uwe Prof. Dr.rer.nat. 7910 Neu-Ulm Wolf Vorrichtung zum volumenmaessigen abmessen und einschleusen einer probe in ein messgefaess unter luftabschluss
US4627456A (en) * 1985-07-31 1986-12-09 Union Carbide Corporation Valve system for particulate solid flow control
AR240122A1 (es) * 1987-05-19 1990-02-28 Rhone Poulen Agrochimie Un aparato para entregar cantidades medidas de material granular.
SU1720734A1 (ru) * 1988-01-19 1992-03-23 Институт гидродинамики им.М.А.Лаврентьева Устройство дл подачи порошка в ствол детонационной установки
US5400921A (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-03-28 Chem-Trend Incorporated Powdered lubricant applicator
US6543708B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2003-04-08 International Paper Company Gas-controlled spray gun and metering apparatus
DE10222167A1 (de) * 2002-05-20 2003-12-04 Generis Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Fluiden
US12465698B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2025-11-11 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Devices and methods for delivering powdered agents

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2072845A (en) * 1933-11-18 1937-03-09 Benolt Francois Philip Charles Apparatus for spraying pulverized materials
FR953861A (fr) * 1942-07-10 1949-12-14 Procédé et appareil pour la pulvérisation de matières fusibles
US3404838A (en) * 1966-05-24 1968-10-08 Elwin A. Hawk Sr. Torch for applying powdered material

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2818200A (en) * 1954-08-18 1957-12-31 Aerostyle Ltd Powder spray device
US3081914A (en) * 1961-03-01 1963-03-19 Dermont B Crafts Paste dispenser having collapsible tube supply and fluid pressure discharge
US3096948A (en) * 1961-09-12 1963-07-09 Scott Paper Co Winding apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2072845A (en) * 1933-11-18 1937-03-09 Benolt Francois Philip Charles Apparatus for spraying pulverized materials
FR953861A (fr) * 1942-07-10 1949-12-14 Procédé et appareil pour la pulvérisation de matières fusibles
US3404838A (en) * 1966-05-24 1968-10-08 Elwin A. Hawk Sr. Torch for applying powdered material

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004735A (en) * 1974-06-12 1977-12-25 Zverev Anatoly Apparatus for detonating application of coatings
US4215819A (en) * 1977-12-20 1980-08-05 Andruschak Oleg A Apparatus for explosive application of coatings to articles
US4319715A (en) * 1977-12-20 1982-03-16 Garda Alexandr P Apparatus for explosive application of coatings to articles
US4258091A (en) * 1979-02-06 1981-03-24 Dudko Daniil A Method for coating
EP0134569A1 (de) * 1983-09-05 1985-03-20 INTERATOM Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Löten und/oder zur Oberflächenbeschichtung von Werkstücken
US4687135A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-08-18 Institut Problem Materialovedenia Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr Detonation-gas apparatus for applying coatings
GB2190101A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-11 Inst Materialovedenia Akademii Detonation-gas apparatus for applying coatings
GB2190101B (en) * 1986-05-09 1990-10-17 Inst Materialovedenia Akademii Detonation-gas apparatus for applying coatings
US4902539A (en) * 1987-10-21 1990-02-20 Union Carbide Corporation Fuel-oxidant mixture for detonation gun flame-plating
US4826734A (en) * 1988-03-03 1989-05-02 Union Carbide Corporation Tungsten carbide-cobalt coatings for various articles
US5223332A (en) * 1990-05-31 1993-06-29 Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. Duplex coatings for various substrates
US5542606A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-08-06 Demeton Usa, Inc. Gas detonation spraying apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU165107B (OSRAM) 1974-06-28
IT965905B (it) 1974-02-11
FR2147988B1 (OSRAM) 1978-05-05
DD97869A1 (OSRAM) 1973-05-21
FR2151840A5 (OSRAM) 1973-04-20
DD98048A1 (OSRAM) 1973-06-12
CS156046B1 (OSRAM) 1974-06-24
US3797709A (en) 1974-03-19
CS160341B1 (OSRAM) 1975-03-28
FR2147988A1 (OSRAM) 1973-03-11
IT961343B (it) 1973-12-10

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