US3773089A - Hose construction and method of forming the same - Google Patents
Hose construction and method of forming the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3773089A US3773089A US00193492A US3773089DA US3773089A US 3773089 A US3773089 A US 3773089A US 00193492 A US00193492 A US 00193492A US 3773089D A US3773089D A US 3773089DA US 3773089 A US3773089 A US 3773089A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hose
- surface portion
- hose construction
- forming
- construction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/085—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more braided layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A method of forming a hose construction wherein a peptide surface portion is treated by a nonsolvent material which disrupts the intermoleculer hydrogen bonds between --NH- and CO groups to soften the surface portion and permit urging of a fibrous second hose element against the softened surface portion to embed the fibrous second portion therein whereupon removal of the treating material permitting reformation of the disrupted intermolecular hydrogen bonds cuases a loclied 3556156653 the ho se elements.
- the second surface portion is formed of a material substantially inert to the treating material. Also disclosed is a hose construction formed by this method.
- a reinforcing braid is provided about a tubular core for reinforcing the core.
- the braid may be formed of a strong plastic material, such as Dacron (polyethylene terephthalates).
- the core is preferably formed of an impervious material having good fluid carrying characteristics.
- core material utilized in many conventional hose constructions is nylon, such as nylon 6/6 (polyhexamethylene adipamide).
- the core is conventionally heated so as to soften the nylon sufficiently so as to permit the braid to be urged into the outer surface by the tension forces occurring in the normal braiding operation.
- One method of effecting such heating has been to provide a coolant fluid within the core while heat is directed against the exterior portion so as to prevent undue weakening of the entire tubular core by the heating thereof.
- Another method of softening the core outer surface has been to dissolve the nylon material with a suitable solvent such as resorcinol, phenol, etc.
- a suitable solvent such as resorcinol, phenol, etc.
- the intersection at which the filaments are bonded frequently have a swollen appearance, which evidences the solution and redeposition of polymer which is generally referred to as a polymer migration. This adversely affects the bond strength.
- the present invention comprehends an improved method of forming a hose construction manufacture avoiding the disadvantages of the above discussed hose construction manufactures in a novel and simple manner while yet providing an improved high strength reinforced hose construction.
- the invention comprehends the provision of a method of forming a hose construction including the steps of providing a tubular hose element having a polyamide first surface portion having NI-I- CO groups, treating the surface portion to a nonsolvent material, disrupting the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between NH and -CO- groups thereby to soften the surface portion, providing a second hose element having a second surface portion formed of an embeddable material substantially inert to the treating material having a preselected small cross-section suitable to be embedded in the first surface portion, urging the fibrous second surface portion against the treated softened first surface portion of the tubular hose element to embed the fibrous second surface portion in the softened first surface portion of the tubular hose element,
- the second hose element may comprise a reinforcing braid.
- the braid may be formed of a suitable plastic, such as Dacron.
- the treating material may comprise a gas. More specifically, the treating material comprises an anhydrous gas, such as a hydrogen halide.
- the treating material may comprise a mixture of bond-disrupting and inert gases.
- the treatment of the polyamide surface portion may be effected by introducing the treating material through the pores of the fibrous second hose element.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hose construction embodying the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of forming a hose construction embodying the invention.
- a hose construction generally designated 10 is shown to comprise a tubular core 11, a reinforcing element 12 disposed concentrically about core 11, and a sheath 13 disposed concentrically about the reinforcing element 12.
- the invention is concerned with the forming of such a hose construction wherein the reinforcing element 12 is caused to be intimately embedded in either, or both, of the core and sheath elements by a nonsolvent, substantially nontherrnal treatment of the surface portions thereof confronting the reinforcing element.
- the invention comprehends providing either, or both, of the outer surface portion 14 of core 11 and the inner surface portion 15 of sheath 13 of polyamide material and causing the surface portion to be softened by treating the same with a material suitable to disrupt the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between NH- and -CO groups thereof.
- the reinforcing material preferably comprises a fibrous reinforcing braid wherein the individual fibers 16 define embeddable elements which, by virtue of the softening of the surface portions 14 and/or 15, are caused to be intimately embedded therein in the manufacturing process.
- the treating material is withdrawn to permit the reformation of the intermolecular hydrogen bond between --NH and CO groups to restore the nylon to the original hard condition but with the braid fibers now firmly embedded therein to provide an improved high strength bonded arrangement.
- the braid 12 is preferably formed of a material which is inert to the treating material so that only the surface portions 14 and/or 15 are softened during the manufacturing operation.
- the braid 12 may be formed of a suitable plastic, such as Dacron (polyethylene terephthalates), metals, such as stainless steel, and the like.
- the core portion 14 and sheath portion 15 may be formed of any suitable polyamide having a substantial number of accessible NHCO groups other than fully aromatic polyamides which do not appear to be suitably softened by the treating material possibly due to the rigidity of the molecular structure and or the effect of the aromatic rings on the basicity of the amides groups.
- suitable polyamides are Poly(6-aminocaproic acid (nylon 6), polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 6/6), and polyhexamethylene sebacicamide (nylon 6110).
- Suitable intermolecular hydrogen bond disrupting materials for use with such polyamides are hydrogen halides, such as anhydrous hydrogen chloride, hydro gen bromide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide and boron trichloride; oxides, such as nitrogen dioxide and sulphur and nitrogen trioxide, molecular chlorine, and the like.
- the treating material may be in gaseous form, one excellent example thereof being gaseous anhydrous hydrogen chloride.
- the gaseous treating material may be substantially diluted with an inert solvent, such as chloroform, aceton, benzene, and the like, for accurate control of the bond-disrupting action.
- the activating gas is preferably maintained at a temperature of approximately 20 to 25 C.
- solvating action is effectively avoided to maintain a high strength of the surface portion in the hose construction.
- tube 11 may be delivered to a suitable apparatus for applying the intermolecular hydrogen bond disrupting material to the outer surface portion 14.
- apparatus 17 may comprise a chamber through which the tube 1 I is passed and containing the gaseous treating material, such as anhydrous hydrogen chloride, at the desired temperature which, as indicated above, may be approximately 20 to 25 C.
- the treatment of the surface portion may be varied suitably with the concentration of the hydrogen chloride gas, and the pressure thereof and temperature thereat so as to obtain a desired depth of softening. lllustratively, such treatment may be effected in approximately one or two minutes where the hydrogen chloride gas is substantially undiluted and at a pressure of approximately psi. and a temperature in said range.
- the thusly treated tube is then delivered to an apparatus 18 for providing the reinforcing 12 which, illustratively, may comprise a conventional braider adapted to wrap a suitable material, such as Dacron (polyethylene terephthalates), about the softened core portion 14 under normal manufacturing tension.
- a suitable material such as Dacron (polyethylene terephthalates)
- the fibrous braid becomes embedded in the softened core poriton 14.
- the braid covered subassembly 19 is then delivered to a suitable apparatus 20 for removing the hydrogen bond disrupting material.
- the apparatus 20 may comprise an oven for heating the subassembly 19 suitably to drive off the gaseous bond-disrupting material.
- the apparatus 20 may comprise a conventional washing apparatus for removing the band-disrupting material by washing it with water, alkaline water, etc., from the subassembly.
- the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the -NH and CO- groups of the core portion 14 are reformed causing the surface portion to regain the normal, relatively hard characteristics of the nylon material but now having the fibers of the reinforcing braid 12 intimately embedded therein so as to provide a positive bonded association of the fibers of the inner portion of the braid E2 to the outer core portion 14.
- relative movement may be had between the fibers of the braid outwardly thereof providing an improved flexible reinforcement notwithstanding the strong improved bonding of the inner fibers to the core as discussed above.
- the sheath 13 may be provided by suitable apparatus 21 illustratively comprising a conventional extruder.
- the set subassembly 22 may be delivered from the bond-locking material apparatus 20 to the extruder for application of the sheath.
- the outer surface fibers of the braid 12 may be subjected to the hydrogen bond disrupting material immediately prior to the delivery thereof to the extruder 21, such as by passing the set subassembly 22 through the apparatus 17 so that hydrogen bond disrupting material retained in the interstices of the outer portion of the braid 12 may act on the inner surface portion 15 of the extruded sheath to soften the surface portion 15 similarly as core portion 14 by disrupting the intermolecular hydrogen bonds thereof.
- the treating material may diffuse through the sheath 13 so as to permit reformation of at least a portion of the disrupted intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the final hose construction so as to provide a desired positive bonded association of the braid and sheath.
- the inner surface portion 15 is caused to flow into the interstices of the braid so as to cause effectively an embedding of the outer braid fibers in the sheath similarly to the embedment of the fibers in the core portion 14.
- the intermolecular hydrogen bond disrupting material may be applied through the interstices thereof subsequent to the wrapping of the braid about the core if so desired.
- the braid-covered core would be passed through the apparatus 17 to effect the disruption of the hydrogen bonds between NH--- and --CO groups of the underlying nylon core surface portion 14 to form the subassembly 19.
- the hydrogen bond disrupting material permeates only the outer surface portion 14, the remainder of the core maintains the original strength thereof during the softening of the outer portion 14 thus avoiding the necessity of providing internal pressure means conventionally used to avoid collapse of the core.
- the present invention comprehends an improved hose construcu'on 10 having highly accurately controlled embedment of the reinforcing fibers in the confronting nylon hose portions to provide an improved high strength reinforced hose.
- the nylon hose elements are caused to have effectively maximum strength in the final hose construction.
- the disclosed method permits facilitated highly accurately controlled manufacture of the hose in an extremely simple and novel manner.
- the method of forming a hose construction comprising the steps of: providing a tubular hose element having a synthetic linear polyamide first surface portion; treating the surface portion to a nonsolvent material disrupting the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between Nl-i and CO groups of said polyamide surface portion thereby to soften said surface portion; providing a second hose element having a second surface portion formed of an embeddable material substantially inert to said treating material having a preselected small cross section suitable to be embedded in said first surface portion; urging said fibrous second surface portion against said treated softened first surface portion of said tubular hose element to embed said fibrous second surface portion in said softened first sur face portion of the tubular hose element; and removing the treating material to cause reformation of the disrupted intermolecular hydrogen bonds of said first surface portion to lock said second hose element surface portion to said first hose element surface portion.
- a hose construction formed by the steps of: providing a first tubular hose element having a first synthetic linear polyamide surface portion; treating the surface portion to a material disrupting the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of NH- and CO-- groups of said polyamide surface portion thereby to soften said surface portion; providing a fibrous second hose element having a second surface portion formed of a material substantially inert to said treating material; urging said fibrous second surface portion against said treated softened first surface portion of said tubular hose element to embed the fibrous second surface portion in said softened first surface portion of the tubular hose element; and removing the treating material to cause reformation of the spaced hydrogen bonds of said first surface portion to lock said fibrous second hose element surface portion to said first hose element surface portion.
- first hose element comprises a core and said second hose element comprises a braid wound onto said core.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
- 2. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said second hose element comprises a reinforcing braid.
- 3. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said first hose element comprises a tubular core element and said second hose element comprises a reinforcing braid wrapped thereabout under tension.
- 4. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material comprises anHydrous hydrogen chloride gas.
- 5. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material comprises an anhydrous hydrogen halide gas.
- 6. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material comprises an anhydrous boron trifluoride gas.
- 7. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material comprises a mixture of intermolecular hydrogen bond disrupting and inert materials.
- 8. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said second surface portion is urged against said first surface portion prior to the treating step.
- 9. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said second hose element is porous and said treating material is introduced to said first surface portion through said second porous hose element.
- 10. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said second hose element is formed of polyethylene terephthalate polyester resin.
- 11. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said steps are effected continuously.
- 12. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating step is carried out under anhydrous conditions.
- 13. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material is removed by washing with water.
- 14. The method of forming a hose construction of claim 1 wherein said treating material is removed by heating.
- 15. A hose construction formed by the steps of: providing a first tubular hose element having a first synthetic linear polyamide surface portion; treating the surface portion to a material disrupting the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of -NH- and -CO- groups of said polyamide surface portion thereby to soften said surface portion; providing a fibrous second hose element having a second surface portion formed of a material substantially inert to said treating material; urging said fibrous second surface portion against said treated softened first surface portion of said tubular hose element to embed the fibrous second surface portion in said softened first surface portion of the tubular hose element; and removing the treating material to cause reformation of the spaced hydrogen bonds of said first surface portion to lock said fibrous second hose element surface portion to said first hose element surface portion.
- 16. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said first hose element comprises a core and said second hose element comprises a braid wound onto said core.
- 17. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said first hose element surface portion is formed of a material selected from the group of nylon 6, nylon 6/6 and nylon 6/10.
- 18. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said second hose element is formed of polyethylene terephthalate polyester resin.
- 19. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said second hose element comprises a reinforcement element.
- 20. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said second hose element comprises a spiral wrapped reinforcement.
- 21. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said treating material comprises anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas.
- 22. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said treating material comprises an anhydrous hydrogen halide gas.
- 23. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said treating material comprises an anhydrous boron trifluoride gas.
- 24. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said treating material comprises a mixture of intermolecular hydrogen bond disrupting and inert materials.
- 25. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said second surface portion is urged against said first surface portion prior to the treating step.
- 26. The hose construction of claim 15 wherein said second hose element is porous and said treating material is introduced to said first surface portion through said second porous hose element.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19349271A | 1971-10-28 | 1971-10-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3773089A true US3773089A (en) | 1973-11-20 |
Family
ID=22713857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00193492A Expired - Lifetime US3773089A (en) | 1971-10-28 | 1971-10-28 | Hose construction and method of forming the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3773089A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3861973A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-01-21 | Rilsan Corp | Polyamide hose and preparation thereof |
US3905398A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-09-16 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite reinforced hose wherein the reinforcing material is braided aromatic polyamide filaments |
US3944453A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-03-16 | Imperial-Eastman Corporation | Hose construction |
US4168195A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1979-09-18 | Monsanto Company | Method of autogenously bonding a nonwoven polyamide web |
EP0027708A1 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-04-29 | Angus Fire Armour Limited | Thermoplastic reinforced hose |
US6807988B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-10-26 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Thermoplastic reinforced hose construction |
US20080302437A1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2008-12-11 | Lovett Brad A | Reinforced Plastic Hose |
US20090151805A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Martino Nick A | Blow-out prevention hose bundle for offshore oil rigs |
WO2011136869A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Nylon airbrake tube constructions |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2251508A (en) * | 1939-08-04 | 1941-08-05 | Du Pont | Treatment of polyamides |
US2876524A (en) * | 1954-12-08 | 1959-03-10 | Univ Minnesota | Method of altering the physical characteristics of linear condensation polymers withanhydrous hydrogen halide gas |
US2977839A (en) * | 1958-07-28 | 1961-04-04 | Polymer Corp | Nylon tubing with braided cover and method of making |
-
1971
- 1971-10-28 US US00193492A patent/US3773089A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2251508A (en) * | 1939-08-04 | 1941-08-05 | Du Pont | Treatment of polyamides |
US2876524A (en) * | 1954-12-08 | 1959-03-10 | Univ Minnesota | Method of altering the physical characteristics of linear condensation polymers withanhydrous hydrogen halide gas |
US2977839A (en) * | 1958-07-28 | 1961-04-04 | Polymer Corp | Nylon tubing with braided cover and method of making |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3861973A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-01-21 | Rilsan Corp | Polyamide hose and preparation thereof |
US3905398A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-09-16 | Moore & Co Samuel | Composite reinforced hose wherein the reinforcing material is braided aromatic polyamide filaments |
US3944453A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-03-16 | Imperial-Eastman Corporation | Hose construction |
US4168195A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1979-09-18 | Monsanto Company | Method of autogenously bonding a nonwoven polyamide web |
EP0027708A1 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-04-29 | Angus Fire Armour Limited | Thermoplastic reinforced hose |
US6807988B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-10-26 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Thermoplastic reinforced hose construction |
US20080302437A1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2008-12-11 | Lovett Brad A | Reinforced Plastic Hose |
US8807173B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2014-08-19 | Cooper-Standard Automotive, Inc. | Reinforced plastic hose |
US20090151805A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Martino Nick A | Blow-out prevention hose bundle for offshore oil rigs |
WO2011136869A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Nylon airbrake tube constructions |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: IMPERIAL CLEVITE INC.,ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:I-T-E IMPERIAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003993/0242 Effective date: 19810928 Owner name: IMPERIAL CLEVITE INC. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:I-T-E IMPERIAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003993/0242 Effective date: 19810928 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CLEVITE INDUSTRIES INC., A CORP. OF DE.,STATELESS Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:IMPERIAL CLEVITE INC., A PA. CORP. (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:004600/0610 Effective date: 19860615 Owner name: CLEVITE INDUSTRIES INC., A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:IMPERIAL CLEVITE INC., A PA. CORP. (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:004600/0610 Effective date: 19860615 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PULLMAN COMPANY, THE, A DE. CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CLEVITE INDUSTRIES INC.,;REEL/FRAME:005165/0550 Effective date: 19890811 |