US3765253A - Speed changing mechanism - Google Patents

Speed changing mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
US3765253A
US3765253A US00165903A US3765253DA US3765253A US 3765253 A US3765253 A US 3765253A US 00165903 A US00165903 A US 00165903A US 3765253D A US3765253D A US 3765253DA US 3765253 A US3765253 A US 3765253A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rolling body
components
unit
mechanism according
units
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00165903A
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English (en)
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P Leeson
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D31/00—Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution
    • F16D31/02—Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution using pumps with pistons or plungers working in cylinders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18296—Cam and slide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/1836—Rotary to rotary

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A speed changing mechanism having a rotary or linear motion and comprising a component provided with a recessed track made up of a number of sections, each including a recess, which are all of one shape and are joined together end-to-end; a component provided with a cam track; and an array of rolling body units, each of which is linearly movable and comprises two rollers arranged respectively in constant contact with the recessed track and the cam track in operation, the number of units being different to the number of recesses.
  • At least one rolling body unit is connected to a piston/cylinder unit. Fluid pressure is either delivered to the unit to move the rolling body unit (s) linearly and drive the mechanism, or the piston/cylinder unit is used to transmit fluid pressure produced by linear movement of the rolling body unit when the mechanism is driven from an external power source.
  • the invention is concerned with speed changing mechanisms of the kind comprising a cam track, a recessed track having an array of identical sections evenly spaced from one another and each including a recess, and an array of identical units each comprising one or more rolling bodies, which units are in constant contact with both the tracks and are movable relatively to one another, seriatim, into and out of driving engagement with the sections of the recessed track under the control of the cam track.
  • a mechanism has three basic components one formed with the cam track, one formed with the recessed track and one carrying the rolling body units arranged at equal spacings from one another and movable relatively to the components.
  • a mechanism of this kind will herein after be referred to as a speed changing mechanism of the kind concerned.
  • the invention has, in'fact, been devised primarily in connection with the speec changing mechanism forming the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 3,507,159.
  • the shape of the recessed track consists of at least two portions defined by either at least two different general mathematical formulae or a general mathematical formula having at least one constant and the same mathematical formula having at least one different constant, the shape of the cam track'being a generation of the shape of the recessed track. It is to be understood that there is no limitation in this regard.
  • Speed changing mechanisms of the kind concerned can have either a rotary or a linear motiom
  • the rolling body units may be of various forms ranging from single bodies of spherical or cylindrical shape to groups each of two or more such bodies connected to move together.
  • an external power source is arranged to produce relative movement between any two of the components and this results in the third com ponent being driven.
  • the rolling body units each move linearly in a direction at or substantially at right angles to the general planes containing the recessed and cam tracks, i.e. in a radial direction relatively to the common axis of the three components in a rotary mechanism or in a direction perpendicular to the linear motion produced in a linear mechanism.
  • the object of the present invention is to utilise this linear motion of the rolling body units in speed changing mechanisms of the kind concerned.
  • the speed changing mechanism according to the invention is characterised in that at least one of the rolling body units has associated therewith means for either transmitting energy from an external source of power to the unit to cause it to perform its linearmovement whereby two or three of the components of the mechanism are driven, or for transmitting to external means energy produced by the linear movement of the unit caused by the movement of two or three of the components of which at least one is driven by an external source of power.
  • the idea is that in one alternative the energy input to the mechanism is applied to at least one of the rolling body units in contrast to one or two of the components as in known arrangements, and this arrangement enables the mechanism to provide two different power energy outputs.
  • the existing linear movement of at least one of the rolling body units is harnessed to provide a further energy output in addition to that or those already provided by one or two of the components.
  • the said means associated with the rolling body unit concerned may comprise a piston/cylinder unit the piston of which is connected to the unit.
  • the invention also provides, according to one embodiment, an infinitely variable speed changing mechanism.
  • means may be provided to restrict the said further energy output so as to impede the movement of the rolling body unit and thereby control the relationship between the speeds of movement of the components carrying the tracks.
  • the mechanism When the restrictor is in its minimum restriction position, the mechanism will operate normally, providing a pre-determined speed relationship between the two components. As the restriction is varied the relationships will vary in proportion. If the energy flow is stopped completely, the linear movement of the rolling body units ceases and the three components of the mechanism must rotate together. Obviously, provision will have to be made to allow the component carryinG the rolllng body units to rotate.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a speed changing mechanism according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view on line 11 ll of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of the second embodiment
  • FIG. 3a is a view similar to FIG. 2 of an alternative embodiment.
  • the speed changing mechanism illustrated in FIG. 1 has an annular series of units each comprising two cylindrical rollers l, 1'- rotatably mounted by studs 2, 2" on a slide body 3 which is free to slide in a slot 4 formed in a fixed casing 5. At its end remote from the axis of the mechanism each slide body 3 is extended to form a piston rod to which a piston 6 is attached, this piston operating in a cylinder 7 incorporated in the casing S.
  • rollers l are in contact with a recessed track 8 formed on a member 9, and the rollers l are in contact with a cam track 10 formed on a member 11 which is attached to a shaft 12 free to rotate in a bearing 13 held in the casing 5.
  • the members 9 and 11 are free to rotate relative to each other on the interposed bearing 14 and the member 9 rotates within the bearing 15 affixed to the casing 5.
  • hydraulic fluid is supplied to and exhausted from cylinder 7 through ports 7a, 7b from a conventional hydraulic pump (not shown) to cause the rolling body unit comprising the rollers 1 and 1' and the slide body 3 to move linearly in a radial direction.
  • a conventional hydraulic pump not shown
  • the rolling body unit comprising the rollers 1 and 1' and the slide body 3
  • This causes the two members 9 and 11 to rotate at different speeds but in constant ratio one to another and to the number of strokes of the piston 6 in a given time.
  • the energy supplied to the cylinder 7 may be produced by any appropriate means involving, for example, the use of hydraulic fluids under pressure, ignition of combustible gases or any other suitable energy source.
  • the speed relationships between members 9 and 11 depend on the number of lobes in the recessed and cam tracks of the respective members 9 and 11 and the number of units 1, 1, 3. For example if (as in the illustrated embodiment) there are one lobe on cam track 10, 12 lobes (and hence recesses) on recessed track 8 and l 1 units, the member 11 will rotate once for each stroke of the piston 6 whilst the member 9 will rotate in the opposite direction to the extent of one-twelth of a revolution.
  • the members 9 and 11 will rotate in opposite and reversed directions but with the same speed relationships relative to each other as before.
  • one or more of the rolling body units can be driven at will so that the input energy can be varied within the design parameters according to the numbers of cylinders incorporated in the mechanism limited only by the number of units provided.
  • the known method of supplying energy to a speed changing mechanism is to apply a rotating source of power to one of the three components provided with the cam track, the recessed track and the units respectively, i.e. one of the components 5, 9 and 11 in the embodiment shown.
  • a rotating source of power to one of the three components provided with the cam track, the recessed track and the units respectively, i.e. one of the components 5, 9 and 11 in the embodiment shown.
  • the same speed relationships obtain as referred to above. From the foregoing, however, it will be appreciated that each cylinder 7 and piston 6 can now be used as a pump since the piston is being driven, i.e. as a means of transmitting a part of the total energy input, the rest of this input necessarily being transmitted mechanically through the component which is not driven or fixed.
  • FIG. 1 shows two ways of putting the linear motion of the rolling body units to practical effect. It will be appreciated that the potential applications of this arrangement are extremely diverse and many have considerable commercial significance.
  • the mechanism can be used as a motor having two different rotary output speeds with input energy applied to the cylinder 7.
  • the mechanism can be used to provide one rotary output of a reduced or increased speed and one hydraulic output with one rotary input applied to one or other of the members 9 and 11.
  • the hydraulic output can be used, for example, for driving a hydraulic motor or for hydraulically braking the rotary mechanical output of the mechanism by restricting the outlet flow from the cylinder 7 and thus hindering the free action of the piston 6.
  • Clearly a mechanical braking effect is also possible, without the use of friction shoes, purely by preventing the linear motion of th rolling body units.
  • FIG. 1 the two members 9 and 11 are free to rotate but the casing is fixed. If all three components of a speed changing mechanism are arranged so as to be rotatable in relation one to another and the linear motion of the rolling body units is utilised, a considerable number of new industrial applications can be envisaged. which have significant commercial possibilities. For example, there is a need for a reasonably priced, infinitely variable, speed reducing mechanism capable of operating over a wide speed range. An inexpensive solution to this problem, utilising the novel principles already referred to, is illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein some like parts are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the extension to the slide body 3 is cylindrical and forms a combined plunger and piston 16 which extends towards the axis of the mechanism and reciprocates within a cylinder 17 formed in a cage 18.
  • This cage rotates on a shaft 19 via a bearing 20.
  • the shaft 19 is free to rotate within bearings 21 set in the casing 5.
  • the other two members 23 and 24 are free to rotate, being mounted respectively on and within plain bearings 22 and ball bearings 22A set in the casing 5.
  • Teeth 25 cut in the member 23 mesh with teeth on a spur wheel 26 which is part of the driven mechanism (not shown).
  • the mechanism will act as a speed reducing mechanism, the member 24 acting as the output member provided the hydraulic arrangement incorporated is inoperative.
  • the shaft 19 has formed therein a cavity 28 which is closed by a plug shaft 27, so that oil can be drawn from a sump (not shown) via an oil channel 30 and holes 29 and 31 in the shaft 19 into the cylinder 17' by the action of the plunger 16' moving in a direction away from the axis of the mechanism.
  • the hydraulic fluid in the cylinder 17 is forced out as the plunger 16 moves towards the axis since the valvetiming of the mechanism is so arranged that a hole 33 in the shaft 19 is opposite the outlet from the cylinder 17, so that the fluid flows into a second chamber 34 within the shaft 19, through a plug 37 at the end of the chamber 34, via a conical aperture 35 and a hole 38 back into the sump.
  • This flow can be restricted or entirely stopped by the action of the conical plug 36 which is rotatably connected through a thrust washer 41 to a yoke 42.
  • An actuating lever 44 is rotatably fixed to the casing 5 by a pivot and lug 43 and to the yoke 42 by a pin and slot 45.
  • movement of the lever 44 causes the conical aperture 35 to be restricted or closed by the plug 36.
  • a rotating power source is coupled to the plug shaft 27. If the conical plug 36 is withdrawn completely giving no resistance to the free flow of the hydraulic fluid through the circuit described, the member 23 will rotate freely and no drive through member 24 to the spur wheel 26 can take place against the resistance of this spur wheel attached to the driven mechanism. If, however, the plug 36 is moved to restrict the flow through the aperture 35 by action of the lever 44, the free action of the slide body 3 and hence that of the entire rolling body unit will be impeded resulting in the member 24 rotating at a speed proportional to the degree of restriction of the fluid flow. If, by action of the lever 44, the fluid flow is stopped entirely the three components of the mechanism must rotate together so that the member 24 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 19 and plug shaft 27 ignoring any possible hydraulic leaks.
  • timing arrangements of the parts permitting the fluid flow to and from the cyl-. inders 17, 17 can be implemented in a simple manner in the type of speed changing mechanism illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a groove cut on the outer periphery of the shaft 19 over 180 and a groove over the opposite 180 with appropriately spaced holes connecting the cylinders 17, 17' and the chamber 28 and 34 is all that is required.
  • FIG. 3a shows the mechanism of FIG. 3 modified in accordance with this embodiment.
  • fluid pumped along passageway 34 is delivered through porting P to a variable speed gear motor M which drives member 24 through a gear wheel G.
  • a speed changing mechanism of the kind comprising a first component formed with a cam track; a second component formed with a recessed track having an array of identical sections evenly spaced from one another and each including a recess; and a third component carrying an array of identical units each comprising one or more rolling bodies, which units are in constant contact with both the tracks and are movable relatively to one another, seriatim, into and out of driving engagement with the sections of the recessed track under the control of the cam track so as to control the relative speeds of said first and second components, said units being arranged at equal spacings from one another and linearly movable relatively to the components, said cam track and said recessed track being so formed as to provide for a speed differential between said first and second components, wherein the improvement comprises energy transmission means associated with at least one of said rolling body units, whereby energy delivered to said means from an external source of power can be transmitted to the unit to cause it to perform its linear movement whereby at least two of the components of the mechanism are driven, or energy produced by the linear movement of the unit caused by the
  • a mechanism according to claim 1 arranged to transmit energy produced by the linear movement of the unit, wherein means are provided to restrict the transmitted energy so as to impede the movement of the rolling body unit and thereby control the relationship between the speeds of movement of the components carrying the tracks.
  • each rolling body unit comprising two rolling bodies which engage the recessed track and the cam track respectively and are coupled together for movement in unison.
  • a mechanism according to claim 1 arranged to transmit energy produced by linear movement of at least one rolling body unit, wherein it further includes a motor which is arranged to be driven by this transmitted energy and is itself arranged to drive one of the components of the mechanism.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
US00165903A 1970-08-01 1971-07-26 Speed changing mechanism Expired - Lifetime US3765253A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3725670A GB1359655A (en) 1970-08-01 1970-08-01 Speed changing mechanisms

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US3765253A true US3765253A (en) 1973-10-16

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US00165903A Expired - Lifetime US3765253A (en) 1970-08-01 1971-07-26 Speed changing mechanism

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US (1) US3765253A (Direct)
AU (1) AU3136971A (Direct)
BE (1) BE770798A (Direct)
BR (1) BR7104942D0 (Direct)
CA (1) CA939929A (Direct)
DE (1) DE2137720A1 (Direct)
ES (1) ES393827A1 (Direct)
FR (1) FR2101980A5 (Direct)
GB (1) GB1359655A (Direct)
NL (1) NL7110592A (Direct)
ZA (1) ZA714686B (Direct)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH655554B (Direct) * 1984-03-02 1986-04-30
CN85200923U (zh) * 1985-04-01 1986-02-12 湖北省机械研究所 传动轴承
DE3920317A1 (de) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Dieter Bollmann Kugelkraftgetriebe
GB2313652A (en) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-03 Raymond Simms Hydraulic transmission unit
GB2628352B (en) * 2023-03-20 2025-05-21 Spacecads Ltd Gearbox for a pump

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1172048A (en) * 1907-03-08 1916-02-15 Hermann Reiche Internal-combustion engine.
US1783589A (en) * 1927-06-17 1930-12-02 Shepard Alban Francis Means for converting rotary into reciprocating motion and vice versa
US1870875A (en) * 1929-07-20 1932-08-09 Scheuer Prosper Speed reducing transmission device
US2704459A (en) * 1955-03-22 Ainini
US3302471A (en) * 1964-10-19 1967-02-07 Fred A Lane Power transmission unit
US3507159A (en) * 1966-10-22 1970-04-21 Patrick George Leeson Speed changing mechanisms

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2704459A (en) * 1955-03-22 Ainini
US1172048A (en) * 1907-03-08 1916-02-15 Hermann Reiche Internal-combustion engine.
US1783589A (en) * 1927-06-17 1930-12-02 Shepard Alban Francis Means for converting rotary into reciprocating motion and vice versa
US1870875A (en) * 1929-07-20 1932-08-09 Scheuer Prosper Speed reducing transmission device
US3302471A (en) * 1964-10-19 1967-02-07 Fred A Lane Power transmission unit
US3507159A (en) * 1966-10-22 1970-04-21 Patrick George Leeson Speed changing mechanisms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE770798A (fr) 1971-12-01
FR2101980A5 (Direct) 1972-03-31
GB1359655A (en) 1974-07-10
ZA714686B (en) 1972-08-30
AU3136971A (en) 1973-01-25
NL7110592A (Direct) 1972-02-03
ES393827A1 (es) 1973-08-16
CA939929A (en) 1974-01-15
BR7104942D0 (pt) 1973-05-31
DE2137720A1 (de) 1972-02-10

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