US3764866A - Corona generator - Google Patents
Corona generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3764866A US3764866A US00211542A US3764866DA US3764866A US 3764866 A US3764866 A US 3764866A US 00211542 A US00211542 A US 00211542A US 3764866D A US3764866D A US 3764866DA US 3764866 A US3764866 A US 3764866A
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- electrode
- wire
- tungsten
- generator
- corona
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
- G03G15/0291—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices corona discharge devices, e.g. wires, pointed electrodes, means for cleaning the corona discharge device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
- H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A tungsten wire corona generator having a stable coating thereon for providing the generator with an extremely long life and a stable output.
- this invention relates to an electrical corona generator capable of producing a highly efficient discharge thus is well suited to effectively charge a receiving surface such as a xerographic plate or the like.
- This novel generator includes a corona emitting wire constructed of a tungsten material and having a surface coating thereon serving to extend the normal life of the generator and to smooth the corona deposited upon the plate receiving surface.
- a single wire generator generally referred to as a corotron is employed.
- the efficiency of the corotron is dependent on many factors including the gap distance between the wire and the plate surface, the nature of the generating wire material, the diameter of the wire and other physical features thereof andthe amount of energy supplied to the corona emitter.
- most corotrons were constructed of platinum or some other precious metal because these materials displayed the ability to deliver uniform constant charging over a long period of time. As a consequence, these prior art devices were relatively expensive to construct and replacement costs were also high.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a relatively inexpensive corona generator exhibiting a highly stable output and having a relatively long operating life.
- a still further object of this inventin is to improve the corona generating art.
- apparatus for charging the surface of a photoconductive plate which includes a corona generating wire, a source of electrical energy being operatively connected to the generating wire to cause the wire to emit a corona discharge, the wire generator being constructed of a tungsten base material having a high temperature oxide coating thereon which is extremely stable and non-spalling within the operating range of the generator.
- a corona generating device containing a generator wire 25 of the present invention for depositing an electrostatic charge on the surface of a moving photoconductive recording material.
- Illustrated in the FIGURE is a xerographic plate 10 made up of a photoconductive insulating material I] placed upon a grounded conductive substrate 12 with the plate being arranged to move along a predetermined path of travel in the direction indicated.
- the corona generating unit generally referred to as 15, is positioned above the plate surface and is arranged to deposit an electrical charge thereon as the plate surface moves in the direction indicated.
- the corona unit includes a shield member 17 which substantially encloses one or more corona generator wires 25 19.
- the shield is preferably made up of an electrically conductive material that is placed at a ground potential.
- a slit 20 or opening is formed in the bottom of the shield opposite the moving photoconductive surface and provides a path by which a flow of ions discharged by the generator are directed towards and deposited upon the moving plate surface.
- the corona generating wire is connected by suitable means such as electrical connector 21 to a high potential source 23.
- the corona wire utilized in the present embodiment is connected directly to the positive terminal of the power source whereby a positive ion discharge is placed on the plate surface.
- the generator is constructed of a fine wire between 0.003 and 0.006 inches in diameter made of a high quality tungsten being 99.95 percent pure.
- the wire preferably has a strength of about 280,000 psi. minimum and be capable of being elongated 1.4 percent over a 10 inch length when tested by ASTM method F219 (1) utilizing a cross head speed of approximately 1 ii inches per minute.
- tungsten wire generator of this nature will initially exhibit extremely good corona generating properties.
- the uniformity of output i.e. the distribution and amount of corona generated by the wire
- the generator exhibits signs of early electrical breakdown.
- the reason for this short operating life is thought to be caused by loose randomly dispersed tungsten oxides which form on the wire surface at the relatively low operating temperatures.
- These low temperature oxides are found to be metastable and correspondingly, cause an unstable discharge to be produced by the generator.
- the mechanical properties of these low temperature oxides are such that the oxides invariably spall from the wire in an uncontrolled manner further aggravating the problems involved.
- a substantially pure tungsten wire 18 having the beforementioned properties is chemically cleaned to remove foreign matter and grease from the surface of the wire and the wire stress relieved. Any suitable process commonly known and used in the art can be herein employed.
- the wire is then placed within an electrical oven and the oven heated to a temperature in excess of 600C in air.
- a wire having a diameter of approximately 0.0035 inches, when heat treated in this manner for approximately minutes, will be provided with an oxide coating 19 which is between 1.5 and 3.5 microns thick.
- this coating shows that it is made up of high temperature oxides including W0 W0 and W 0
- Generating wires produced in this manner have been found to have an extremely stable coating which serves to prevent physical changes in the wire at the operating temperature and provides for an extremely stable output and long operating life.
- the high temperature oxide coating thus formed is relatively tough and is capable of readily withstanding light scraping with a metallic instrument. Spalling of the coating occurs only when the generator wire is permanently deformed or kinked. In fact, the wire can be bent about a A inch diameter rod without disturbing the coating in any manner.
- a test fixture was constructed by which the output of the generator could be evaluated and compared to similar generators constructed of other materials.
- the fixture basically consisted of a rotatably mounted grounded xerographic plate in drum configuration having a corona wire support mounted adjacent thereto for supporting a wire generator transverse to the drum surface.
- the wire generator was arranged to be electrically coupled to a high power source of electrical energy with the wire being supported above the drum surface at a distance whereby the corotron drew approximately 325 micro amps of current while charging the plate surface to a potential of approximately 800 volts.
- a thin brass strip was helically wound about the drum so that the strip continually monitored the bare plate current flow between the generator wire and the plate as the drum rotated under the generator.
- the brass strip was electrically brought out to a recording device by means of a slip ring and the recorder arranged to record data at approximately mm/sec. Under these operating conditions, a bare plate current of approximately 50 micro amps was initially recorded and the amplitude of the current deviation from this initial current reading was graphically registered.
- a heat treated tungsten wire was placed within the test apparatus and continually operated for a period of approximately 250 hours. Periodic traces of the bare plate current reveal that the output of the heat treated generator remain relatively stable and unchanged over the test period. Subsequent to this test, a second corona generatorpf untreated tungsten wire similar in dimensions to that previously tested was placed within the fixture and an operating current placed thereon. After approximately 25 minutes of operation, the untreated tungsten generator began to produce a non-uniform and unstable output and thereafter the generator continued to electrically fail.
- a device for emitting a discharge of corona including a tungsten electrode being arranged to emit a corona discharge
- a coating overlying at least the discharge region of said electrode being formed of a high temperature tungsten oxide that is stable during periods when said electrode is emitting corona whereby a uniform discharge of corona is produced over an extended period of time.
- the tungsten electrode is formed of a material that is at least 99 percent pure.
- the oxide formed on said electrode includes the oxides WO and W 0 4.
- the oxide coating is of a thickness of about or greater than one-half a micron.
- the method of producing a corona emitting electrode which is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including providing an electrode of relatively pure tungsten,
- the coating formed on said electrode includes the oxides W0, and W 0 7.
- said electrode is formed of a tungsten material which is at least 99 percent pure.
- the method of producing a corona emitting electrode that is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including producing an elongated tungsten wire formed of a relatively pure material
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
A tungsten wire corona generator having a stable coating thereon for providing the generator with an extremely long life and a stable output.
Description
United States Patent Bonaventura et al.
Oct. 9, 1973 CORONA GENERATOR Inventors: Joseph J. Bonaventura, Rochester; Raymond J. Harshharger, Ontario,
both of NY.
Assignee: Xerox Corporation, Stamford,
Conn.
Filed: Dec. 23, 1971 Appl. No.: 211,542
US. Cl 317/262 A, ll7/231, 250/495 ZC,
Int. Cl. H0lt 19/00 Field of Search 317/2 R, 3, 4, 262 R, 317/262 A; 313/354, 355; 250/495 ZC, 49.5 GC, 49.5 TC; 117/231 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,922,883 l/l960 Giaimo, Jr. 317/262 A X 3,537,914 ll/1970 Cieplinski et a1. 117/231 X Primary Examiner-J. D. Miller Assistant Examiner-Harry E. Moose, Jr. Attorney-James J. Ralabate et al.
[57] ABSTRACT A tungsten wire corona generator having a stable coating thereon for providing the generator with an extremely long life and a stable output.
12 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure CORONA GENERATOR This invention relates to an inexpensive corona generator capable of producing a stable and uniform output and having the relatively long operating life.
More specifically, this invention relates to an electrical corona generator capable of producing a highly efficient discharge thus is well suited to effectively charge a receiving surface such as a xerographic plate or the like. This novel generator includes a corona emitting wire constructed of a tungsten material and having a surface coating thereon serving to extend the normal life of the generator and to smooth the corona deposited upon the plate receiving surface.
Many methods and devices have been disclosed in the prior art for producing a uniform electrostatic charge upon a photoconductive plate. One such charging device is disclosed by Vyverberg in U.S. Pat. 2,836,725, issued May 27, 1958, wherein an electrode in the form of a wire surrounded by an electrically grounded conductive shield is placed adjacent to a grounded receiving surface and a high voltage source connected to the wire wherein a corona discharge is produced. A corona discharge is produced when the generator is placed in close proximity to the plate and applied to the generator of sufficient magnitude to cause a breakdown of the ions in the air within the separating gap. As a result, charged ions are formed around the corona generator flow to the grounded plate surface and are deposited thereon to raise the plate potential to a relatively high level.
In the art of xerography it has been found that consistent reproductive quality can only be maintained when a uniform and constant charge potential is applied to the photoconductive plate. In many automatic machines of this type, a single wire generator, generally referred to as a corotron is employed. Generally, the efficiency of the corotron is dependent on many factors including the gap distance between the wire and the plate surface, the nature of the generating wire material, the diameter of the wire and other physical features thereof andthe amount of energy supplied to the corona emitter. Heretofore, most corotrons were constructed of platinum or some other precious metal because these materials displayed the ability to deliver uniform constant charging over a long period of time. As a consequence, these prior art devices were relatively expensive to construct and replacement costs were also high.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a corona generating device constructed of a readily available inexpensive material.
A further object of this invention is to provide a relatively inexpensive corona generator exhibiting a highly stable output and having a relatively long operating life.
A still further object of this inventin is to improve the corona generating art.
These and other objects of the present invention are attained by means of apparatus for charging the surface of a photoconductive plate which includes a corona generating wire, a source of electrical energy being operatively connected to the generating wire to cause the wire to emit a corona discharge, the wire generator being constructed of a tungsten base material having a high temperature oxide coating thereon which is extremely stable and non-spalling within the operating range of the generator.
For a better understanding of the present invention as well as other objects and features thereof, reference is had to the following detailed description of the invention to be read in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein the drawing illustrates a perspective view of a corona generating apparatus having a corona emitting wire fabricated in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Referring in particular to the attached FIGURE, there is illustrated a corona generating device containing a generator wire 25 of the present invention for depositing an electrostatic charge on the surface of a moving photoconductive recording material. Illustrated in the FIGURE is a xerographic plate 10 made up of a photoconductive insulating material I] placed upon a grounded conductive substrate 12 with the plate being arranged to move along a predetermined path of travel in the direction indicated. The corona generating unit, generally referred to as 15, is positioned above the plate surface and is arranged to deposit an electrical charge thereon as the plate surface moves in the direction indicated. The corona unit includes a shield member 17 which substantially encloses one or more corona generator wires 25 19. The shield is preferably made up of an electrically conductive material that is placed at a ground potential. A slit 20 or opening is formed in the bottom of the shield opposite the moving photoconductive surface and provides a path by which a flow of ions discharged by the generator are directed towards and deposited upon the moving plate surface. For further details regarding the structure of this type of corona generating unit, reference is had to the disclosure contained within the aforetomentioned Vyverberg patent.
The corona generating wire is connected by suitable means such as electrical connector 21 to a high potential source 23. The corona wire utilized in the present embodiment is connected directly to the positive terminal of the power source whereby a positive ion discharge is placed on the plate surface. However, it should be clear that an opposite arrangement can be employed to obtain a negative discharge. Basically, the generator is constructed of a fine wire between 0.003 and 0.006 inches in diameter made of a high quality tungsten being 99.95 percent pure. The wire preferably has a strength of about 280,000 psi. minimum and be capable of being elongated 1.4 percent over a 10 inch length when tested by ASTM method F219 (1) utilizing a cross head speed of approximately 1 ii inches per minute.
Normally, a pure tungsten wire generator of this nature will initially exhibit extremely good corona generating properties. However, after a very short operating period, the uniformity of output, i.e. the distribution and amount of corona generated by the wire, becomes erratic and the generator exhibits signs of early electrical breakdown. The reason for this short operating life is thought to be caused by loose randomly dispersed tungsten oxides which form on the wire surface at the relatively low operating temperatures. These low temperature oxides are found to be metastable and correspondingly, cause an unstable discharge to be produced by the generator. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of these low temperature oxides are such that the oxides invariably spall from the wire in an uncontrolled manner further aggravating the problems involved.
In the present invention, all the shortcomings previously associated with a tungsten wire corona generator have been overcome to provide a generator which is inexpensive to produce and which has an extremely long operating life and the capability of delivering an extremely uniform stable output over its entire operating life. To produce this truly novel result, the generator wire is specially treated to form an extremely smooth, uniform and tough coating thereon which will remain relatively stable throughout the operating life of the generator.
To produce this generator, a substantially pure tungsten wire 18 having the beforementioned properties is chemically cleaned to remove foreign matter and grease from the surface of the wire and the wire stress relieved. Any suitable process commonly known and used in the art can be herein employed. The wire is then placed within an electrical oven and the oven heated to a temperature in excess of 600C in air. A wire having a diameter of approximately 0.0035 inches, when heat treated in this manner for approximately minutes, will be provided with an oxide coating 19 which is between 1.5 and 3.5 microns thick. An analysis of this coating shows that it is made up of high temperature oxides including W0 W0 and W 0 Generating wires produced in this manner have been found to have an extremely stable coating which serves to prevent physical changes in the wire at the operating temperature and provides for an extremely stable output and long operating life. The high temperature oxide coating thus formed is relatively tough and is capable of readily withstanding light scraping with a metallic instrument. Spalling of the coating occurs only when the generator wire is permanently deformed or kinked. In fact, the wire can be bent about a A inch diameter rod without disturbing the coating in any manner.
In order to ascertain the capabilities of the generator of the present invention, a test fixture was constructed by which the output of the generator could be evaluated and compared to similar generators constructed of other materials. The fixture basically consisted of a rotatably mounted grounded xerographic plate in drum configuration having a corona wire support mounted adjacent thereto for supporting a wire generator transverse to the drum surface. The wire generator was arranged to be electrically coupled to a high power source of electrical energy with the wire being supported above the drum surface at a distance whereby the corotron drew approximately 325 micro amps of current while charging the plate surface to a potential of approximately 800 volts. A thin brass strip was helically wound about the drum so that the strip continually monitored the bare plate current flow between the generator wire and the plate as the drum rotated under the generator. The brass strip was electrically brought out to a recording device by means of a slip ring and the recorder arranged to record data at approximately mm/sec. Under these operating conditions, a bare plate current of approximately 50 micro amps was initially recorded and the amplitude of the current deviation from this initial current reading was graphically registered.
A heat treated tungsten wire was placed within the test apparatus and continually operated for a period of approximately 250 hours. Periodic traces of the bare plate current reveal that the output of the heat treated generator remain relatively stable and unchanged over the test period. Subsequent to this test, a second corona generatorpf untreated tungsten wire similar in dimensions to that previously tested was placed within the fixture and an operating current placed thereon. After approximately 25 minutes of operation, the untreated tungsten generator began to produce a non-uniform and unstable output and thereafter the generator continued to electrically fail.
Next a comparison test of a heat treated tungsten generator and a platinum generator having similar physical properties was made. The wires were properties arranged in the fixture so as to produce the same bare plate current output at the drum surface. After approximately 256 continuous hours of operation, no differences in the performance of the platinum wire generator and that of the treated tungsten wire generator could be discerned.
While this invention has been described with reference to the structure herein disclosed, it is not confined to the details as set forth and this application is intended to cover any modifications or changes that may come within the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A device for emitting a discharge of corona including a tungsten electrode being arranged to emit a corona discharge,
a coating overlying at least the discharge region of said electrode being formed of a high temperature tungsten oxide that is stable during periods when said electrode is emitting corona whereby a uniform discharge of corona is produced over an extended period of time.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the tungsten electrode is formed of a material that is at least 99 percent pure.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the oxide formed on said electrode includes the oxides WO and W 0 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the oxide coating is of a thickness of about or greater than one-half a micron.
5. The method of producing a corona emitting electrode which is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including providing an electrode of relatively pure tungsten,
and
oxidizing said electrode by heating the electrode in air to a temperature at or about 600C for a period of time Sufl'Tcient ttEFat tfiionina generating surface with a tungsten oxide layer.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the coating formed on said electrode includes the oxides W0, and W 0 7. The method of Claim 5 wherein said electrode is precleaned prior to oxidation to remove impurities from the surface of said electrode.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrode is heated at or above 600C for at least 10 minutes.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein said oxide coating is formed to a thickness which is at least one-half of a micron.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrode is formed of a tungsten material which is at least 99 percent pure.
11. The method of producing a corona emitting electrode that is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including producing an elongated tungsten wire formed of a relatively pure material,
cleaning the surface of said tungsten wire to remove impurities therefrom,
oxidizing said tungsten wire by heating said wire in air to a temperature at or above 600C fora period of time sufficient to form an oxide coating thereon 5 w18O49- which is between one-half and three and one-half
Claims (11)
- 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the tungsten electrode is formed of a material that is at least 99 percent pure.
- 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the oxide formed on said electrode includes the oxides WO2 and W18O49.
- 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the oxide coating is of a thickness of about or greater than one-half a micron.
- 5. The method of producing a corona emitting electrode which is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including providing an electrode of relatively pure tungsten, and oxidizing said electrode by heating the electrode in air to a temperature at or about 600*C for a period of time sufficient to coat the corona generating surface with a tungsten oxide layer.
- 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the coating formed on said electrode includes the oxides WO2 and W18O49.
- 7. The method of Claim 5 wherein said electrode is precleaned prior to oxidation to remove impurities from the surface of said electrode.
- 8. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrode is heated at or above 600*C for at least 10 minutes.
- 9. The method of claim 5 wherein said oxide coating is formed to a thickness which is at least one-half of a micron.
- 10. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrode is formed of a tungsten material which is at least 99 percent pure.
- 11. The method of producing a corona emitting electrode that is capable of producing a stable output over an extended period of time including producing an elongated tungsten wire formed of a relatively pure material, cleaning the surface of said tungsten wire to remove impurities therefrom, oxidizing said tungsten wire by heating said wire in air to a temperature at or above 600*C for a period of time sufficient to form an oxide coating thereon which is between one-half and three and one-half microns thick.
- 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the oxide coating formed on said wire includes the oxides WO2 and W18O49.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21154271A | 1971-12-23 | 1971-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3764866A true US3764866A (en) | 1973-10-09 |
Family
ID=22787361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00211542A Expired - Lifetime US3764866A (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1971-12-23 | Corona generator |
Country Status (22)
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US (1) | US3764866A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5328099B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR198185A1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT325420B (en) |
AU (1) | AU467386B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE793227A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7208756D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1095114A (en) |
CH (1) | CH553435A (en) |
CS (1) | CS168018B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD103068A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2245679C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES409976A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI57185C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2165635A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1402739A (en) |
IL (1) | IL41096A (en) |
IT (1) | IT972692B (en) |
NL (1) | NL165341C (en) |
SE (1) | SE380294B (en) |
SU (1) | SU617026A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA729029B (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4096543A (en) * | 1975-10-25 | 1978-06-20 | Mita Industrial Company, Ltd. | Corona discharge device with grid grounded via non-linear bias element |
US4110614A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-08-29 | Xerox Corporation | Corona device |
US4542977A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1985-09-24 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for separating recording paper from image retaining member |
US4837658A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1989-06-06 | Xerox Corporation | Long life corona charging device |
US4910637A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1990-03-20 | Rinoud Hanna | Modifying the discharge breakdown |
US5028779A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1991-07-02 | Xerox Corporation | Corona charging device |
EP1055972A2 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Discharge wire, method of manufacturing discharge wire and electrification device |
CN104646566A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽意义环保设备有限公司 | Corona wire bending frame |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3789278A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-01-29 | Ibm | Corona charging device |
US3813549A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1974-05-28 | Ibm | Self-healing electrode for uniform negative corona |
GB1554266A (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1979-10-17 | Xerox Corp | Corona charging device |
NL8101260A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1982-10-18 | Oce Nederland Bv | CORONA DEVICE. |
JPS58182659A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-10-25 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrostatic charging method of electrophotographic device |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US2922883A (en) * | 1955-03-03 | 1960-01-26 | Rca Corp | Electrostatic charging means and method |
US3537914A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1970-11-03 | Hewlett Packard Co | Passivation of thermal conductivity filaments |
-
0
- BE BE793227D patent/BE793227A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-12-23 US US00211542A patent/US3764866A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-08-17 CA CA149,613A patent/CA1095114A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-14 AR AR244074A patent/AR198185A1/en active
- 1972-09-18 DE DE2245679A patent/DE2245679C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-05 CH CH1453072A patent/CH553435A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-11 CS CS8479A patent/CS168018B2/cs unknown
- 1972-12-12 BR BR8756/72A patent/BR7208756D0/en unknown
- 1972-12-15 NL NL7217159.A patent/NL165341C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-15 IL IL41096A patent/IL41096A/en unknown
- 1972-12-18 GB GB5824872A patent/GB1402739A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-19 JP JP12758272A patent/JPS5328099B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-19 SE SE7216596A patent/SE380294B/en unknown
- 1972-12-20 FR FR7245484A patent/FR2165635A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 AT AT1088472A patent/AT325420B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-20 FI FI3610/72A patent/FI57185C/en active
- 1972-12-20 IT IT33319/72A patent/IT972692B/en active
- 1972-12-20 AU AU50323/72A patent/AU467386B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 ZA ZA729029A patent/ZA729029B/en unknown
- 1972-12-22 ES ES409976A patent/ES409976A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 SU SU721865451A patent/SU617026A3/en active
- 1972-12-22 DD DD167839A patent/DD103068A5/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2922883A (en) * | 1955-03-03 | 1960-01-26 | Rca Corp | Electrostatic charging means and method |
US3537914A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1970-11-03 | Hewlett Packard Co | Passivation of thermal conductivity filaments |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4096543A (en) * | 1975-10-25 | 1978-06-20 | Mita Industrial Company, Ltd. | Corona discharge device with grid grounded via non-linear bias element |
US4110614A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-08-29 | Xerox Corporation | Corona device |
US4910637A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1990-03-20 | Rinoud Hanna | Modifying the discharge breakdown |
US4542977A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1985-09-24 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for separating recording paper from image retaining member |
US5028779A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1991-07-02 | Xerox Corporation | Corona charging device |
US4837658A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1989-06-06 | Xerox Corporation | Long life corona charging device |
EP1055972A2 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Discharge wire, method of manufacturing discharge wire and electrification device |
US6605165B2 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2003-08-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing discharge wire |
EP1055972A3 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2004-01-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Discharge wire, method of manufacturing discharge wire and electrification device |
US6917776B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2005-07-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Discharge wire, method of manufacturing discharge wire and electrification device |
CN104646566A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽意义环保设备有限公司 | Corona wire bending frame |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1095114A (en) | 1981-02-03 |
FI57185B (en) | 1980-02-29 |
AT325420B (en) | 1975-10-27 |
DE2245679A1 (en) | 1973-07-05 |
DE2245679C3 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
FR2165635A5 (en) | 1973-08-03 |
NL165341B (en) | 1980-10-15 |
AU5032372A (en) | 1974-06-20 |
BE793227A (en) | 1973-06-22 |
SU617026A3 (en) | 1978-07-25 |
ZA729029B (en) | 1973-09-26 |
JPS4874231A (en) | 1973-10-06 |
IL41096A0 (en) | 1973-03-30 |
AU467386B2 (en) | 1974-06-20 |
IT972692B (en) | 1974-05-31 |
FI57185C (en) | 1980-06-10 |
AR198185A1 (en) | 1974-06-07 |
BR7208756D0 (en) | 1973-09-25 |
GB1402739A (en) | 1975-08-13 |
DD103068A5 (en) | 1974-01-05 |
NL165341C (en) | 1981-03-16 |
NL7217159A (en) | 1973-06-26 |
JPS5328099B2 (en) | 1978-08-12 |
IL41096A (en) | 1976-05-31 |
CH553435A (en) | 1974-08-30 |
SE380294B (en) | 1975-11-03 |
ES409976A1 (en) | 1976-06-16 |
CS168018B2 (en) | 1976-05-28 |
DE2245679B2 (en) | 1977-07-21 |
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