US3753866A - Process and apparatus for making coke of even size - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for making coke of even size Download PDF

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Publication number
US3753866A
US3753866A US00065935A US3753866DA US3753866A US 3753866 A US3753866 A US 3753866A US 00065935 A US00065935 A US 00065935A US 3753866D A US3753866D A US 3753866DA US 3753866 A US3753866 A US 3753866A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coal
coke
pieces
cake
ore
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00065935A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Wenzel
E Wieting
H Schenck
H Gudenau
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Carl Still GmbH and Co KG
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Carl Still GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE1943763A external-priority patent/DE1943763C3/de
Application filed by Carl Still GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Carl Still GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like

Definitions

  • cow/N4 (/44 M5 2,? no 74 7454:
  • a horizontal-chamber coke oven is used as heretofore; however, due to novel arrangemerits, even-size coke is produced at high yields, while the inevitably occurring production of undersize pieces is cut down considerably and ranges far below the quantity obtained in the production by known methods.
  • the invention provides means for obtaining pieces of coke of even size by subdividing the cake of coke during its formation into pieces of about the same size by embedding locally arranged compacted substances or materials which weaken the coherence of the cake of coke leaving the coking chamber at given spots or along given lines, so that the cake will break apart at the determined places.
  • iron ores As suitable substances for embedding in the cake, iron ores have proved of special advantage. Of the several iron ores available, hematitic ores have been observed to perform best; these ores are known to destroy the bitumen which causes caking, when they contact coal to be coked at coking temperature.
  • the weakening of the coherence of the cake of coke can be so adjusted by local embedding of iron ores in the cake of coke that most of it will break apart already at the time when the coke is discharged from the chamber and will directly form even pieces.
  • the cake of coke exhibits a certain coherence at the time of discharge from the coking chamber, so that an after-treatment in a dividing device will have to follow in which subdivision into pieces of even size is effected.
  • a dividing device may, e.g. consist of a transit drum through which the cake of coke is passed and in which by rolling along the walls a force is brought to bear on the cake which will cause it to break up into the pieces of determined size.
  • Local concentration of substances weakening the coherence of the cake of coke can be eifected in various ways, according to the invention.
  • One method consists in distributing the pieces of ore with a grain size of e.g. 10-20 mm. as evenly as possible in the layer of coal to be coked. When in the production of the cake of coke the latter undergoes a strain, there exists a statistic probability that breaking apart will occur along the pattern of embedded grains of e.g. iron ore.
  • a particular measure of the present invention consists in introducing the coal to be coked into the coking chamber in the form of pellets.
  • Such coal pellets may be made from moist fine coal in conventional pelletizing devices, e.g. pelletizing plates or dishes.
  • pelletizing device for instance, pelletizing dish which pieces serve as core for the coal pellets to be formed and are embedded in the finished pellet approximately in the center.
  • the size of the pellets is for instance, of an even 40 mm.
  • a further method according to the invention for the embedding of locally concentrated materials in the coal to be coked consists again in making coal pellets from moist fine coal; however, in this case, a layer of fine ore, e.g. iron ore, is applied to the surface of the coal by pelletizing, forming a shell enclosing the coal. This may be done in a manner known per se by applying a rim of powder onto a pelletizing dish for fine coal pelletizing, wherein the powder rim is charged with the suitable fine ore.
  • a layer of fine ore e.g. iron ore
  • Another method for making shell pellets which is likewise known, consists in passing coal pellets made in one pelletizing dish, into a second pelletizing dish charged with fine ore.
  • the shell pellets introduced into the coking chamber are deformed during the coking process in such a manner that they will fill the chamber space practically completely.
  • dice-shaped pieces of coke will result, which are kept separated from each other by the sheet of fine ore applied thereto by pelletization and likewise undergoing deformation in the coking chamber.
  • the process according to the invention may be carried out in such a manner that the embedded material for weakening the coherence of the cake may consist of lean coal, anthracite or small pieces of broken coal in addition to iron ore or instead of it.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show different parts of the same device
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the coking chamber of the device with parts broken away to show the interior filled with coking material
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show the structures of difierent fillings
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the so-called honeycomb arrangement
  • FIG. 7A shows the honeycomb belt.
  • numeral 10 is a storage bin for coal and 12 one for ore. Both coal and ore are ground to grain size of 1 mm. and the coal in bin 10 has been dried to a moisture content of 16% by weight.
  • the moist coal is passed onto a rotating pelletizing dish 13 by means of an oscillating conveyor (not shown); by its rotation, dish 13 forms the fine coal powder into pellets 23, which are then spilling over into the rimmed portion 14 of the dish where they are coated with a layer of fine iron ore.
  • the ore-coated pellets tumble subsequently onto a conveyor device 15 which is capable of being lifted and lowered and whose belts 23a, 23b are driven in a circular course in the directions shown by arrows, thereby transporting the pellets into a coking chamber 16.
  • the coking chamber 16 has two stationary walls 25 and two removable walls 21a, 21b.
  • the wall 21a is shown in the position closing the chamber at the coke discharge end, while the other one, wall 21b, has been taken out and replaced by an insert 22 having a large filling opening for coal admission.
  • the walls are shown as sliding plates, but this is only an example, there are many other ways of making removable wall pieces which could be applied.
  • insert 22 is removed and the wall 21b put in place for closing the chamber, whereupon the coking operation is carried out.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the discharge of coke from chamber 16. Both walls 21a and 211; have been removed and an expelling device 17 has been moved in, which forces pieces of coke 18 out of chamber 16. Red-hot coke is dropped over chute 24 into an open drum 19 which rotates in the sense indicated by arrow 27, while coke passes through the drum. The strain to which the coke is subjected during the passage under notation, causes the coke to break up into evenly formed pieces 20 which are then quenched.
  • FIG. 3 shows in perspective, with parts broken away a coking chamber 16a, having removable end walls 21c and 21d with a filling that is somewhat different from the one described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • fine ore particles 31 are embedded in coal 32.
  • the particles 31 consist of evenly distributed grains of hematite of 10- 20 mm. size. This is brought about by mixing fine coal and hematite grains before the chamber is filled by one of the known filling devices (not shown). Parts of the discharge elements of the device are not shown because they are similar to the ones illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a number of ore .particles which serve as means for breaking up the coherence of the coke, become separated during the discharge and may be removed by screening, before the coke is quenched.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate different structures of the pellets according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 designates the coking chamber in which the pellets are contained.
  • the pellets are shown to consist of a core of iron ore 31a surrounded by fine coal 32a. Such pellets are made on a pelletizing dish which has no powder rim comparable to the one shown in FIG. 1.
  • the size of the pellets is e.g. 10-20 mm. If iron pieces and moist fine coal are mixed in the coal bin and passed to the pelletizing dish together, pellets are formed having a core of ore as shown.
  • the coking procedure is the same as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows the coking chamber indicated as 16d filled with pellets having a body of coal 31b and a shell 32b of finely ground iron ore. These are made according to the description of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the coking chamber indicated at 16c filled with pellets 31c of coal in a double shell: a shell 32c consisting of finely ground iron ore, and a shell 35 consisting of finely ground chalk.
  • the latter shell almost completely prevents the baking together of the pellets during the coking.
  • Such pellets may be made in pelletizing dishes having two powder rims.
  • FIGS. 7 and 7A show the so-called honeycomb arrangement of the device for conveying ore-coated coal to the coking chamber.
  • An endless compartmented band or belt 36 is passed over a suction filter 39 divided into a plurality of cells 42, and is returned over a direction changing star-shaped member 46.
  • the filter is mounted for rotation on a shaft 52 in the sense indicated by arrow 37. With the belt 36, the filter dips into a sludge 38 of coal and water contained in a tank 48. Arrows 43 indicate that water is sucked into the interior through the filter, from which it is drained.
  • the coal taken up by the belt as it passes through the sludge becomes deposited on the belt in subdivided form and as it is carried below a bin 41 filled with ore 39', a distributing device (not shown) sprays the finely ground ore onto the belt; then, while the latter passes over the direction changing element 46, evenly shaped pieces 50 are dropped on the conveyor belt 49, which transports them into the coking chamber.
  • Example 1 A coking coal of the Ruhr valley, Germany, of the following composition, is coked in an experimental coking plant.
  • composition (percentages by weight):
  • Example 2 The same coking coal as used in Example 1, was comminuted to size -1 mm.
  • the finely ground coal having a moisture content of 16%, is pelletized on a pelletizing dish; the size of the pellets is 40 mm.
  • the coal pellets are then coated in a similar pelletizing dish with a shell of iron ore, consisting of hematite having a grain size 0-1 mm.
  • the thickness of the shell applied by pelletizing is 0.1 mm. on the average.
  • An apparatus for producing coke of substantially even-size pieces from a sludge containing coal and water which comprises a coking chamber, a sludge container, means for picking up sludge from the container, draining water from the sludge, and conveying it in form of shaped pieces to said coking chamber, said means comprising a rotary suction filter mounted on a drive shaft above the sludge container for part immersion in said sludge, an endless compartmented band carried on said suction filter for movement therewith, designed to pick up sludge and deposit it in the compartments in substantially even proportions as it moves through the sludge, which is being drained of water by the action of the suction filter during the movement of the band, so that coal remains in the compartments in even amounts, said apparatus mounted above the path of the moving band, further comprising a container for fine-grained ore, distributing means associated with said ore container adapted to spray ore on the coal in the compartments as the band passes below the ore container, means mounted
  • a process for producing coke in pieces of predetermined size from caking coals Which in coking yield a coherent cake which comprises forming the coal to be coked into a plurality of individual uniform coherent masses and embedding materials in locally concentrated amounts into the coal to be coked, heating the coal with the embedded materials to form it into a coke cake having weakened areas at the locations of the materials capable of weakening the coherence of the cake at these locations, subdividing the cake by subjecting it to movement and impact to cause it to break along the weakened areas into pieces of predetermined size upon discharge from the coking chamber, the materials embedded in the coal consist of hematite or another iron ore of a grain size ranging from 10-25 mm., said pieces of ore in finely ground form being coated onto pieces of coal in the form of pellets, so as to form a shell thereon, said pellets being charged into a coking chamber with external heating, and applying another shell of chalk or lean coal onto the shell of the ore for preventing the sintering of said first shell.
  • a process for producing coke in pieces of predetermined size from caking coals which in coking yield a coherent cake which comprises forming the coal to be coked into a plurality of individual uniform coherent masses and embedding materials in locally concentrated amounts into the coal to be coked, heating the coal with the embedded materials to form it into a coke cake having weakened areas at the locations of the materials capable of weakening the coherence of the cake at these locations, and subdividing the cake by subjecting it to movement and impact to cause it to break along the weakened areas into pieces of predetermined size upon discharge from the coking chamber, said fine moist coal comprising a sludge, said sludge being filtered with suction to remove the Water therefrom and the coal is then transported on a honeycomb band being thereby subdivided into even-size pieces, onto which finely grained coating sheets of ore are applied during the transport to the coking chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
US00065935A 1969-08-28 1970-08-21 Process and apparatus for making coke of even size Expired - Lifetime US3753866A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1943763A DE1943763C3 (de) 1969-08-28 1969-08-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Herstellung von Gleichstückkoks

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US3753866A true US3753866A (en) 1973-08-21

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US00065935A Expired - Lifetime US3753866A (en) 1969-08-28 1970-08-21 Process and apparatus for making coke of even size

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US (1) US3753866A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4921081B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE755218A (xx)
FR (1) FR2059713B1 (xx)
NL (1) NL7012106A (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2444066A1 (de) * 1974-09-14 1976-03-25 Gudenau Heinrich Wilhelm Verfahren zur erzeugung von festem koks aus kohlen mit geringen verkokungseigenschaften
US4106996A (en) * 1974-09-14 1978-08-15 Werner Wenzel Method of improving the mechanical resistance of coke
US6267933B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2001-07-31 Howard Thomason Methods of preparing and using electrostatically treated fluids
US20030037485A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-02-27 Pacific Edge Holdings Pty Ltd. Process for upgrading low rank carbonaceous material
US6974561B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-12-13 Howard Thomason Methods of preparing and using electrostatically treated fluids

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2444066A1 (de) * 1974-09-14 1976-03-25 Gudenau Heinrich Wilhelm Verfahren zur erzeugung von festem koks aus kohlen mit geringen verkokungseigenschaften
US4106996A (en) * 1974-09-14 1978-08-15 Werner Wenzel Method of improving the mechanical resistance of coke
US6267933B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2001-07-31 Howard Thomason Methods of preparing and using electrostatically treated fluids
US6974561B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-12-13 Howard Thomason Methods of preparing and using electrostatically treated fluids
US20030037485A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-02-27 Pacific Edge Holdings Pty Ltd. Process for upgrading low rank carbonaceous material
US6846339B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2005-01-25 Pacific Edge Holdings Pty Ltd Process for upgrading low rank carbonaceous material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE755218A (fr) 1971-02-24
NL7012106A (xx) 1971-03-02
FR2059713A1 (xx) 1971-06-04
FR2059713B1 (xx) 1973-01-12
JPS4921081B1 (xx) 1974-05-29

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