US3742278A - Low pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp with amalgam - Google Patents
Low pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp with amalgam Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3742278A US3742278A US00136482A US3742278DA US3742278A US 3742278 A US3742278 A US 3742278A US 00136482 A US00136482 A US 00136482A US 3742278D A US3742278D A US 3742278DA US 3742278 A US3742278 A US 3742278A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- amalgam
- mercury
- percent
- pressure mercury
- vapor gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000839659 Zygina Species 0.000 description 2
- DGJPPCSCQOIWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium mercury Chemical compound [Cd].[Hg] DGJPPCSCQOIWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 indium cadmium-tin-mercury Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CUBYNCOYOIEWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cd].[Sn].[Hg] Chemical compound [Cd].[Sn].[Hg] CUBYNCOYOIEWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCETXQXQEAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hg].[In].[Zn] Chemical compound [Hg].[In].[Zn] BCETXQXQEAECAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUJUDQRJCCDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium mercury Chemical compound [In].[Hg] KZUJUDQRJCCDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electric gasdischarge lamps with an amalgam, notably of highintensity, 80-200 W fluorescent lamps of high specific power, and also to fluorescent lamps of ordinary specific power, used under adverse temperature conditions, such as in unventilated enclosed lighting fixtures.
- gas-discharge lamps using the above-listed prior-art amalgams consists in that they have a high luminous yield only in a very narrow range of ambient temperature (40] to 55] C), while, as numerous investigations have shown, the walls of highintensity, high-specific power fluorescent lamps used in enclosed lighting fixtures may have a temperature of 60] to 70 ⁇ C.
- the temperature in unventilated enclosed lighting fixtures may likewise range from 45] to 70] C, depending on the number of lamps enclosed.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a nontoxic solid amalgam by the proper choice of its formulation, which can be used in both high-intensity, highpower and ordinary-power fluorescent lamps employed in unventilated enclosed lighting fixtures and will have a high luminous output over the temperature range indicated.
- the present invention resides in that in order to ensure a stable luminous flux over a wide range of ambient temperature (from 40] to 80] C), use is made of an amalgam of the formulation: mercury, at. percent; cadmium, 53 38 at. percent; tin, 20 at. percent; and bismuth, l2 17 at. percent.
- the amalgam disclosed herein has a melting point of 190] to 210] C; it will remain solid when used in a lamp and sufficiently plastic in the course of manufacture, so that it can be made into any shape (bars, balls, and the like).
- FIG. 1 is a plot relating the luminous flux of a 80 W fluorescent lamp using a specific amalgam formulation
- FIG. 2 is a plot relating the luminous flux of a 125 W fluorescent lamp using various amalgam formulations, to ambient temperature.
- an amalgam of the formulation: mercury, 15 at. percent; tin, 25 at. percent; cadmium, 48 at. percent; and bismuth, 12 at. percent shifts the peak of the luminous flux into the region of high temperatures.
- the luminous flux is only 8 percent below the peak.
- Curves A, B, and C in FIG. 2 illustrate the performance of a 125 W fluorescent lamp having an envelope 150 cm long and using various amalgam formulations. These amalgam formulations are summarized in Table l.
- the yield of mercury vapor from the amalgam is decided by intermetallic mercury-cadmium and mercurybismuth compounds. In contrast to classical chemical bonds, ionic and covalent, these compounds feature a specific metallic bond which invalidates the valence theory.
- the thermal effect on the amalgam in which the tin acts as a stabilizer of mercury yield is such that the pressure of mercury vapor is optimum (3 10.3 mm Hg) for the desired resonance radiation to be emitted in a 125 W fluorescent lamp.
- the amalgam is prepared from inexpensive and abundant materials and compares favorably with any of prior-art amalgams for gas-discharge lamps in terms of cost, performance and low toxicity.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU1429909A SU308689A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-05-25 | 1970-05-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3742278A true US3742278A (en) | 1973-06-26 |
Family
ID=20452104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00136482A Expired - Lifetime US3742278A (en) | 1970-05-25 | 1971-04-22 | Low pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp with amalgam |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3742278A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2118767C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1304335A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SU (1) | SU308689A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2343329A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-04 | 1977-09-30 | Philips Nv | Lampe a decharge dans la vapeur de mercure a basse pression |
| US4157485A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1979-06-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with indium-bismuth-mercury amalgam |
| US5274305A (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 1993-12-28 | Gte Products Corporation | Low pressure mercury discharge lamp with thermostatic control of mercury vapor pressure |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4581557A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1986-04-08 | General Electric Company | Stabilized high intensity discharge lamp |
-
1970
- 1970-05-25 SU SU1429909A patent/SU308689A1/ru active
-
1971
- 1971-04-17 DE DE2118767A patent/DE2118767C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2704471*A patent/GB1304335A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-04-22 US US00136482A patent/US3742278A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4157485A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1979-06-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with indium-bismuth-mercury amalgam |
| FR2343329A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-04 | 1977-09-30 | Philips Nv | Lampe a decharge dans la vapeur de mercure a basse pression |
| US5274305A (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 1993-12-28 | Gte Products Corporation | Low pressure mercury discharge lamp with thermostatic control of mercury vapor pressure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1304335A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-01-24 |
| DE2118767C3 (de) | 1974-06-06 |
| DE2118767B2 (de) | 1973-11-15 |
| DE2118767A1 (de) | 1971-12-09 |
| SU308689A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-10-26 |
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