US3742045A - Detergency builders - Google Patents
Detergency builders Download PDFInfo
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- US3742045A US3742045A US00158539A US3742045DA US3742045A US 3742045 A US3742045 A US 3742045A US 00158539 A US00158539 A US 00158539A US 3742045D A US3742045D A US 3742045DA US 3742045 A US3742045 A US 3742045A
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- compounds
- detergency builders
- sodium
- methyl
- ammonium
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 reenforcers Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KTYVHLCLTPLSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)ON KTYVHLCLTPLSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical class OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNJVDWXUKLTFFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-bromopropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Br)C(=O)OCC FNJVDWXUKLTFFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JIUSLVDVQJOMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCOC(=O)CO JIUSLVDVQJOMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNYJXPUAFDFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;octadecan-1-amine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] RNYJXPUAFDFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005113 hydroxyalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHUPNGGCNPHUEN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;ethanesulfonate Chemical compound [K+].CCS([O-])(=O)=O CHUPNGGCNPHUEN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical class O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940104261 taurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2089—Ether acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
- C07C59/305—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Compounds having the formula wherein M is an alkali metal or ammonium and R and R are hydrogen or methyl are useful sequestrants and detergency builders. Lower alkyl esters and acids of such compounds are useful intermediates for this production.
- detergency builders Numerous materials are known which, by virtue of sequestering characteristics and/or capability to enhance the cleansing ability of detergent formulations in combination with various surfactants are useful in water treating applications, or as adjuvants, reenforcers, supplements, augmentors, potentiators, and- /or benefactors in detergent formulations wherein such materials are usually referred to as detergency builders. It is noted that although many detergency builders are also sequenstrants, the determination of materials which are effective detergency builders is a complex matter emperical in nature and not accurately predictable from known characteristics of the materials.
- novel compounds of this invention are represented by the formula wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkali metal or ammonium and R and R are hydrgen or methyl.
- the compounds are readily prepared reacting the appropriate alkyl bromomalonate with the sodium salt of the appropriate a-hydroxy ester in an inert solvent such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- This reaction yields the ester forms of the compounds of this invention which are saponified by conventional techniques to yield the desired ammonium or alkali metal salts.
- the acid forms of the compounds of this invention are obtained by acidifying the salts.
- the acids can be crystallized by conventional techniques to provide useful precursors for high purity salts. It is noted that when R, is hydrogen, the acid is relatively unstable due to a tendency to undergo rapid decarboxylation.
- R is sodium and R and R are both methyl or hydrogen. These embodiments are preferred by virtue of availability of raw materials for their manufacture and their excellent performance as detergency builders.
- Both the acid and salt forms of the compounds of this invention are useful as metal ion sequestrants and as detergency builders, the use of the salt form being preferred,
- the detergent formulations utilizing the compounds of this invention will contain from 1 to percent by weight, preferably, from 5 to 50 percent by weight of the salt, preferably sodium salt forms of the compounds of this invention.
- Such compounds can be utilized as the sole detergency builder in the compositions or in combination with other known detergency builders such as water soluble inorganic builder salts, for example, alkali metal carbonate, borates, phosphates, polyphosphate, bic'arbonates and silicates or organic builders such as salts of phytic acid, sodium citrate, water soluble polymeric polyc'arboxylates as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,067 and the like.
- the detergent formulations will additionally contain at least 8 percent by weight of a surfactant. Any of the numerous well-known anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or ampholytic surfactants can be employed.
- anionic surfactants include alkyl ethyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, acyl sarcosinates; acyl esters of isocyanates, acyl N-methyl taurides, and alkyl aryl sulfonates.
- the foregoing materials are used in the form of their water-soluble sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkyl ammonium salts. Specific examples include sodium laryl sulfate; sodium N-methyl aluryll tauride; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; and triethanol amine undecanol benzene sulfonate.
- nonionic detergents include alkyl phenol and alcohol alkoxylates including condensates of l-decanol or l-undecanol with from 3 to 5 molecular proportions of ethylene oxide such as described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 707,480 filed Feb. 23, 1968 and copending herewith; condensates of monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alcohols such as oleyl alcohol or l-tridecanol with from 9 to 15 molecular proportions of ethylene oxides; alkyl internal vicinal dialkoxy or hydroxy alkoxy compounds as described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 852,898 filed Aug. 25, 1969, now abandoned; and condensates of alkylene oxides with organo amines, for example, ethylene diamine and amides such as N-octadecyl diethanol amide.
- organo amines for example, ethylene diamine and amides such as N-octadecyl diethanol amide.
- cationic surfactants include octadecyl ammonium chloride; straight chain fatty amines having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
- Suitable ampholitic surfactants include the amido alkene sulfonates such as sodium C-pentadecyl, N- methyl amido. ethyl sulfonate potassium C-octyl N- napthalene amido propyl sulfonate; ammonium C- decyl, N-cyclo propyl amido butyl sulfonate, and aliphatic amine derivatives in which the aliphatic substituent contains an anionic water-solubilizing substituent such as a carboxy, sulfo, phosphato, or phosphino group, for example, sodium-3dodecyl amino propionate and sodium-S-dodecyl amino propane sulfonate.
- amido alkene sulfonates such as sodium C-pentadecyl, N- methyl amido. ethyl sulfonate potassium C-octyl N- napthal
- zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of quaternary ammonium phosphonium and sulfonium compounds such as 3-(N,N-dirnethyl-N- hexadecyl ammonio) propane-l-sulfonate and 3-(N,N-diemthyl-N-hexadecyl ammonio-Z-hydroxy propanel -sulfonate It will be understood that the above examples of supplementary surfactants are by no means comprehensive. Numerous other surfactants are known to those skilled in the art and are set forth in such familiar references as Surface Active Agents by A. M. Schwarz and James W. Perry. It will be further understood that the use of such surfactants will be in accordance with conventional, well-understood practices of detergent formulation. For example, cationic and anionic detergents will not normally be employed in combination due to recognized problems of precipitation of insoluble products.
- the ratio of the detergency building components to the surfactant components will be in the range of from 1:2 to about 12:] by weight.
- the detergent formulstions may contain fillers such as so dium sulfate and minor amounts of bleaches, dyes, optical brighteners, soil anti-redeposition agents, perfumes and similar conventional detergent formulation additives.
- EXAMPLE ii The salt and acid produced according to Example I are tested for sequestration characteristics and are found to effectively sequester Ca ions.
- Example Ill EXAMPLE IV
- Neodole 45-1 1 a nonionic surfactant which is an aduct of a modified oxo type C -C alcohol with an average of l 1 moles of ethylene oxide is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are obtained.
- Example V EXAMPLE V The tests of Example Ill are repeated with a detergent formulation wherein sodium hydroxyalkyl (C -C alkyl chain length) N-methyl taurate, and ampholytic surfactant, is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are obtained.
- Example VI The tests of Example III are repeated with a detergent formulation wherein cocodimethylsulfopropylbetaine, a zwitterionic surfactant is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are ob tained.
- R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkali metal and ammonium and R and R are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Compounds having the formula
WHEREIN M is an alkali metal or ammonium and R1 and R2 are hydrogen or methyl are useful sequestrants and detergency builders. Lower alkyl esters and acids of such compounds are useful intermediates for this production.
WHEREIN M is an alkali metal or ammonium and R1 and R2 are hydrogen or methyl are useful sequestrants and detergency builders. Lower alkyl esters and acids of such compounds are useful intermediates for this production.
Description
United States Patent [1 1 Lannert [52] US. Cl. 260/535 P, 252/DIG. ll, 252/135, 252/180, 252/539, 200/484 P [51] Int. Cl. C07c 59/22 [58] Field of Search 260/535, 484 P [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,377,246 5/1945 Kyrides 260/535 P June 26, 1973 Primary Examiner-Lorraine A. Weinberger Assistant Examiner-Paul J. Killos Attorney-Herbert B. Roberts, Thomas N. Wallin et al.
[57] ABSTRACT Compounds having the formula wherein M is an alkali metal or ammonium and R and R are hydrogen or methyl are useful sequestrants and detergency builders. Lower alkyl esters and acids of such compounds are useful intermediates for this production.
4 Claims, No Drawings DETERGENCY BUILDERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel compounds and precursors thereof useful as sequestrants and detergency builders.
Numerous materials are known which, by virtue of sequestering characteristics and/or capability to enhance the cleansing ability of detergent formulations in combination with various surfactants are useful in water treating applications, or as adjuvants, reenforcers, supplements, augmentors, potentiators, and- /or benefactors in detergent formulations wherein such materials are usually referred to as detergency builders. It is noted that although many detergency builders are also sequenstrants, the determination of materials which are effective detergency builders is a complex matter emperical in nature and not accurately predictable from known characteristics of the materials.
Many materials of the foregoing type are characterized by high phosphorous content such as the alkali metal tripolyphosphates widely employed as detergency builders. It has recently been suggested by some researchers that such compounds may contribute to the acceleration of eutrophication processes. Accordingly, particularly in the detergent builder field, extensive efforts have been exerted to provide alternate functional compounds free of phosphorous.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide novel compounds and intermediates useful for the production of such compounds which are useful as sequestrants and as detergency builders.
The novel compounds and formulations of this invention and their manufacture and utility will be understood from the following description of the preferred embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The novel compounds of this invention are represented by the formula wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkali metal or ammonium and R and R are hydrgen or methyl.
The compounds are readily prepared reacting the appropriate alkyl bromomalonate with the sodium salt of the appropriate a-hydroxy ester in an inert solvent such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
This reaction yields the ester forms of the compounds of this invention which are saponified by conventional techniques to yield the desired ammonium or alkali metal salts. The acid forms of the compounds of this invention are obtained by acidifying the salts. The acids can be crystallized by conventional techniques to provide useful precursors for high purity salts. It is noted that when R, is hydrogen, the acid is relatively unstable due to a tendency to undergo rapid decarboxylation.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, R is sodium and R and R are both methyl or hydrogen. These embodiments are preferred by virtue of availability of raw materials for their manufacture and their excellent performance as detergency builders.
Both the acid and salt forms of the compounds of this invention are useful as metal ion sequestrants and as detergency builders, the use of the salt form being preferred,
The detergent formulations utilizing the compounds of this invention will contain from 1 to percent by weight, preferably, from 5 to 50 percent by weight of the salt, preferably sodium salt forms of the compounds of this invention. Such compounds can be utilized as the sole detergency builder in the compositions or in combination with other known detergency builders such as water soluble inorganic builder salts, for example, alkali metal carbonate, borates, phosphates, polyphosphate, bic'arbonates and silicates or organic builders such as salts of phytic acid, sodium citrate, water soluble polymeric polyc'arboxylates as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,067 and the like.
The detergent formulations will additionally contain at least 8 percent by weight ofa surfactant. Any of the numerous well-known anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or ampholytic surfactants can be employed.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl ethyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, acyl sarcosinates; acyl esters of isocyanates, acyl N-methyl taurides, and alkyl aryl sulfonates. The foregoing materials are used in the form of their water-soluble sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkyl ammonium salts. Specific examples include sodium laryl sulfate; sodium N-methyl aluryll tauride; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; and triethanol amine undecanol benzene sulfonate.
Examples of suitable nonionic detergents include alkyl phenol and alcohol alkoxylates including condensates of l-decanol or l-undecanol with from 3 to 5 molecular proportions of ethylene oxide such as described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 707,480 filed Feb. 23, 1968 and copending herewith; condensates of monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alcohols such as oleyl alcohol or l-tridecanol with from 9 to 15 molecular proportions of ethylene oxides; alkyl internal vicinal dialkoxy or hydroxy alkoxy compounds as described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 852,898 filed Aug. 25, 1969, now abandoned; and condensates of alkylene oxides with organo amines, for example, ethylene diamine and amides such as N-octadecyl diethanol amide.
Examples of cationic surfactants include octadecyl ammonium chloride; straight chain fatty amines having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
Suitable ampholitic surfactants include the amido alkene sulfonates such as sodium C-pentadecyl, N- methyl amido. ethyl sulfonate potassium C-octyl N- napthalene amido propyl sulfonate; ammonium C- decyl, N-cyclo propyl amido butyl sulfonate, and aliphatic amine derivatives in which the aliphatic substituent contains an anionic water-solubilizing substituent such as a carboxy, sulfo, phosphato, or phosphino group, for example, sodium-3dodecyl amino propionate and sodium-S-dodecyl amino propane sulfonate.
Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of quaternary ammonium phosphonium and sulfonium compounds such as 3-(N,N-dirnethyl-N- hexadecyl ammonio) propane-l-sulfonate and 3-(N,N-diemthyl-N-hexadecyl ammonio-Z-hydroxy propanel -sulfonate It will be understood that the above examples of supplementary surfactants are by no means comprehensive. Numerous other surfactants are known to those skilled in the art and are set forth in such familiar references as Surface Active Agents by A. M. Schwarz and James W. Perry. It will be further understood that the use of such surfactants will be in accordance with conventional, well-understood practices of detergent formulation. For example, cationic and anionic detergents will not normally be employed in combination due to recognized problems of precipitation of insoluble products.
In accordance with general practice, the ratio of the detergency building components to the surfactant components will be in the range of from 1:2 to about 12:] by weight.
In addition to surfactant and builder components, the detergent formulstions may contain fillers such as so dium sulfate and minor amounts of bleaches, dyes, optical brighteners, soil anti-redeposition agents, perfumes and similar conventional detergent formulation additives.
The invention is further illustrated by the following Examples wherein all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I To a slurry of 68 grams sodium ethyl glycolate in 400 ml 1,2-dimethoxyethane is added 120 grams diethyl bromomalonate, the temperature being maintained below C. The mixture is allowed to stir for 16 hours at 25 C. Solids are separated by filtration and solvent .removed under reduced pressure. The residue is vacuum fractionally distilled, product being collected at 149-l 5 l C, 0.07 mm Hg. The product is identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analyses as tetraethyl 2,4-dioxal ,3 ,3 ,5-pentane-tetracarboxylate. The product is saponified in an aqueous ethanol solution of NaOH at 25 C. The salt is precipitated by addition of excess ethanol and isolated by filtration and drying. Acidification of the salt with H 80 yields the acid form of the product.
EXAMPLE ii The salt and acid produced according to Example I are tested for sequestration characteristics and are found to effectively sequester Ca ions.
EXAMPLE Ill EXAMPLE IV The tests of Example Ill above are repeated using a detergent formulation in which Neodole 45-1 1 (a nonionic surfactant which is an aduct of a modified oxo type C -C alcohol with an average of l 1 moles of ethylene oxide is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are obtained.
, EXAMPLE V The tests of Example Ill are repeated with a detergent formulation wherein sodium hydroxyalkyl (C -C alkyl chain length) N-methyl taurate, and ampholytic surfactant, is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are obtained.
EXAMPLE VI The tests of Example III are repeated with a detergent formulation wherein cocodimethylsulfopropylbetaine, a zwitterionic surfactant is substituted for the alkylbenzene sulfonate. Comparable results are ob tained.
What is claimed is:
1. Compounds having the formula o It it,
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkali metal and ammonium and R and R are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is sodium.
3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R is hydrogen and R is a methyl substituent.
4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R and R are hydrogen.
Claims (3)
- 2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is sodium.
- 3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2 is a methyl substituent.
- 4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15853971A | 1971-06-30 | 1971-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3742045A true US3742045A (en) | 1973-06-26 |
Family
ID=22568596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00158539A Expired - Lifetime US3742045A (en) | 1971-06-30 | 1971-06-30 | Detergency builders |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3742045A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4125485A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1978-11-14 | Monsanto Company | Detergent formulation containing novel ether carboxylates |
US4146495A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1979-03-27 | Monsanto Company | Detergent compositions comprising polyacetal carboxylates |
US4169934A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-10-02 | Monsanto Company | Copolymers of keto dicarboxylates |
US4174306A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1979-11-13 | Montedison S.P.A. | Detergent compositions containing self-sequestering surfactants |
US4182684A (en) * | 1974-05-17 | 1980-01-08 | Monsanto Company | Machine dishwashing composition |
US4219437A (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1980-08-26 | Monsanto Company | Copolymers of keto dicarboxylates |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2377246A (en) * | 1942-03-02 | 1945-05-29 | Monsanto Chemicals | Alkoxy-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid compounds |
-
1971
- 1971-06-30 US US00158539A patent/US3742045A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2377246A (en) * | 1942-03-02 | 1945-05-29 | Monsanto Chemicals | Alkoxy-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid compounds |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4182684A (en) * | 1974-05-17 | 1980-01-08 | Monsanto Company | Machine dishwashing composition |
US4125485A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1978-11-14 | Monsanto Company | Detergent formulation containing novel ether carboxylates |
US4174306A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1979-11-13 | Montedison S.P.A. | Detergent compositions containing self-sequestering surfactants |
US4146495A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1979-03-27 | Monsanto Company | Detergent compositions comprising polyacetal carboxylates |
US4169934A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-10-02 | Monsanto Company | Copolymers of keto dicarboxylates |
US4219437A (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1980-08-26 | Monsanto Company | Copolymers of keto dicarboxylates |
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