US3736364A - Electric power transmission cable with evaporative cooling system - Google Patents

Electric power transmission cable with evaporative cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3736364A
US3736364A US00257622A US3736364DA US3736364A US 3736364 A US3736364 A US 3736364A US 00257622 A US00257622 A US 00257622A US 3736364D A US3736364D A US 3736364DA US 3736364 A US3736364 A US 3736364A
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Prior art keywords
coolant
cable
cooling system
power transmission
evaporative cooling
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US00257622A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Kubo
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP46036828A external-priority patent/JPS5244028B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP46041576A external-priority patent/JPS5241474B1/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/421—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation
    • H01B7/423—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation using a cooling fluid

Definitions

  • evaperative 7 5 C cooling may be accomplished in the radial direction 51 Int. Cl. ..H01b 7/34 during the process Of the Pehetratieh- In the L yp [58] Field 61 Search ..174/11 R, 14 R, 15 c, rahgemetlt, the Coolant circulates ht the longitudinal 7 5 R, 16 165/105 5; 2 5 direction to gradually become a gas-liquid mixture and finally a vapor phase coolant, thereby accomplishing 5 R f Cited refrigeration.
  • the valve device may function to separate the vapor phase UNITED STATES PATENTS from the liquid and vapor phase mixture coolant, and 3,646,243 2 1972 Graneau etal. ..174 15 c l to the amount of the whole coolant 3,609,206 9 1971 McConnell ..174 15 c 61th the R L type arrangement- 3,463,869 8/1969 Cooley et al ..l74/15 C 3,162,716 12/1964 Silver ..l74/14 R 3,170,026 2/1965 Woodson ....174/14 R X 3,453,449 7/1969 Kafl a.... ....l74/15 C X 9 Claims, 14 Drawing Figures 3,343,035 9/1967 Garwin 174/15 R X PATENTED M29573 3,736,364
  • the present invention is directed to an electric power cable with an evaporative cooling system, and more particularly to an electric power cable, the cooling of which may be effected by the evaporation of an insulating and liquescent gas coolant.
  • the R type arrangement is a system in which the insulating layer is pervious to gas, and the coolant penetrates the insulating layer to flow out of the conductor. Evaporative cooling may be accomplished during the process of the penetration; consequently, the interior of the conductor is usually filled only with liquid phase coolant and is maintained under higher pressure than the outer side of the insulating layer, thereby resulting in approximately uniform flow-out throughout the complete length of the cable.
  • the R type arrangement is available for the insulated cable type which has a wrapped tape insulating layer or a gas insulating layer with insulating spacer.
  • the coolant does not flow out through the insulating layer but circulates in the longitudinal direction to gradually become a gas-liquid mixture and finally a vapor phase coolant, thereby accomplishing the refrigeration.
  • the coolant path in the conductor may be termed the out-going path or feeding pipe, wherein the coolant directed into the conductor from refrigerating devices may flow to the top end of the cable to be cooled.
  • the outside of the insulating layer should be termed the in-coming path or return pipe, whereby the vaporized coolant returns to the refrigerating device.
  • the coolant circulates along the interior and along the exterior of the conductor.
  • the out-going path is formed within the insulating layer such as, for example, in the inside of the conductor, there is a limitation on its dimensions due to cable fabrication. It may he, therefore, more desirable for the evaporative cooling of a long range cable to provide an auxiliary supply pipe parallel to the cable and to connect the auxiliary supply pipe to the coolant path in the cable through feeding joints in every appropriate unit section. Since common steel pipes can be utilized for the auxiliary supply pipe, it is very easy to obtain pipe having a diameter large enough to supply the coolant required.
  • the steel pipe in which the cable is placed can be used for in-coming path, and it is also possible to provide, as the auxiliary supply pipe mentioned above, an auxiliary steel pipe having larger diameter.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 illustrate three examples of the application of an evaporative cooling system to a high power transmission line designed for 500 KV, 12 KA at a distance of 5 kilometers.
  • Compressed Gas Insulation Spacer Cable (C.G.I. cable) is also applicable asan evaporative cooling system for a high capacity transmission line', although it is not shown in these examples. Every cable line is provided with two refrigerating-devices, one at each end.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate the simplest arrangement of an R system using freon-l 2 (C Cl F,) as the coolant.
  • the out-going path S in which liquid phase coolant flows is formed in the inside of a conductor 2 of a cable 1.
  • Reference numeral 3 designates an insulating layer, and numeral 4 denotes an outer shielding and mechanical reinforcement layer.
  • Reference numerals 5 and 6 designate, respectively, skid wires and a steel pipe which is utilized for the in-coming path R.
  • a stop joint SJ is provided to form cooling circulation paths including refrigerating devices COL and pumps P in the left and right sides thereof.
  • the coolant may circulate in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • Reference character ED designates a terminal box.
  • the dimensions of the respective portions are as follows: internal diameter of the conductor mm; external diameter of the conductor 2 220 mm; external diameter of the insulating layer 3 320 mm; finished external diameter 330 mm; and internal diameter of the steel pipe 6 1,000 mm.
  • a novel arrangement for fabrication and layering of the cable may be required because of the thickness of the cable.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate another arrangement of an R system in which a cable having a smaller diameter than that of the cable described above is used, so that fabrication and transportation thereof is possible with ordinary equipment.
  • like reference numerals and characters designate parts corresponding to those shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
  • a feeding pipe F is provided in parallel with the cable line and is connected to the coolant path in the cable 1 through feeding joints FJ provided in every 800 m.
  • the feeding pipe F is an out going path-provided on the outer side of the conductor.
  • the dimensions of the respective portions are as follows: internal diameter of the conductor 2-70 mm; external diameter of the conductor 2-160 mm; internal diameter of the steel pipe 6-800 mm; and internal diameter of the feeding pipe F-300 mm.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate an arrangement of the L type system in which the insulating layer 3 is composed of oil impregnated paper separated from the coolant by an air-tight pipe 7 disposed inside of the conductor 2.
  • the steel pipe 6 is filled with insulating oil.
  • the coolant is directed into the air-tight pipe 7 from the terminal box ED through a feeding joint FJ.
  • a return pipe RT which performs the roll of the incoming path, and through which the coolant returns.
  • the coolant flows out from another feeding joint, which functions as an outlet for the coolant, and returns through the return pipe RT to the refrigerating device COL wherein the vapor phase coolant is liquefied.
  • Reference numeral 8 designates a cooling pipe which refrigerates the outside of the cable 1, and in which the coolant flows in parallel with the cable 1.
  • the dimensions of the respective portions are as follows: internal diameter of the air-tight pipe -70 mm; external diameter of the conductor 2-100 mm; external diameter of the insulating layer 3-150 mm; finished external diameter of the cable l-l60 mm; internal diameter of the steel pipe 6-500 mm; internal diameter of the supply pipe F-300 mm; internal diameter of the return pipe RT-SSO mm; internal diameter of the cooling pipe 8-70 mm; and external diameter (corrugation) of the cooling pipe -80 mm.
  • the amount of the coolant supplied in the portion may be approximately 700 m assuming that the internal diameter of the steel pipe 6 is 1,000 mm.
  • the amount of coolant required to fill the lower portion may become much larger than for the case in which the lower portion is filled with only vapor phase coolant. This is very uneconomical; that is, for example, if the unit price of the liquid phase coolant is about $1.62 per liter, 700 m of the coolant would cost approximately 1.134 million.
  • the coolant gathered in the lower portion may prevent the circulation of the coolant depending on the laying condition of the cable, thereby resulting in overheating and damage to the insulation due to insufficiency of cooling at maximum current.
  • This phenomenon is specific to an evaporative cooling system, and it is the point which discriminates the evaporative cooling system from other types of cooling systems, such as circulation cooling by refrigerating oil.
  • the amount of liquid phase coolant increases as temperature rises. Since the density of the liquid phase coolant is smaller, the flow resistance becomes larger for the flow of same amount of the coolant, that is, the amount of coolant flow decreases substantially. This leads to a shortage of cooling and dangerous results. In order to prevent such an inconvenience, it may be required to make the lengths of the respective cooling sections approximately the same as well as to increase the amount of coolant flow so as to give a margin in cooling capacity.
  • valve device is provided in the in-coming path of the coolant so as to operate in response to the amount of liquid phase or vapor phase coolant in the cooling circulation path.
  • the valve device is used in two ways; that is, l) the valve device is used to separate the vapor or liquid phase from the vapor and liquid mixture phase as much as possible, and 2) it is used to control the amount of flow of the whole. coolant when in the state of a gas-liquid mixture.
  • the former is applicable bothto the R and L type arrangements, and the latter is applicable only to the L type arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 illustrate the principle of a cable with an evaporative cooling system, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a cable in the R type arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a' cooling system using the cable shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a cable in the R type arrangement
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a cooling system using the cable shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a cable in the L type arrangement
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a cooling system using the cable shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 to FIG. 14 illustrate the embodiments of a novel and improved cable with an evaporative cooling system in accordance with the present invention, wherein:
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a cable in the R type arrangement
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a cooling system using the cable shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a cable in the R type arrangement.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a cooling system using the cable shown in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a cooling system in the L type arrangement having a single cable and a single cooling section;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of another cooling system in the L type arrangement having a plurality of cables and a plurality of cooling sections;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a valve device for the cooling systems shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of another valve device for the cooling systems shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12.
  • the valve devices shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 may be used with other evaporative cooling systems.
  • cables 1 are'placed in a steel pipe 6 which provides an in-coming path Ra for the vapor phase coolant.
  • a return pipe RT which is part of the in-coming path provides an in-coming path Rb for the liquid phase coolant.
  • a plurality of valve devices SP are provided between the in-coming paths Ra and Rb.
  • Each valve device SP may be of any type which can separate the vapor phase from the liquid phase coolant. Differences in properties, such as density, viscosity, heat conductivity, or dielectric constant, may be utilized for detection or control. y
  • a float valve is used as an example of making use of the difference in density.
  • the float valve is simple and practical because it does not require any additional outside power source.
  • the float valve comprises a ball shape float 9 and stopper 10.
  • the ball shape float rises up to cause the coolant to flow into the return pipe RT.
  • the stopper functionsto prevent the float 9 from closing the entrance of the device.
  • the valve device may be located in any place, however, it is desirable that it be provided in lower portion of the cable.
  • a main refrigerating device COLa is provided primarily for the in-coming path Ra, and an auxiliary refrigerating device COLb for the in-comi ng path
  • Both the refrigerating devices COLa and COLb supply the liquid phase coolant into the out-going path S in the cable 1 from terminal boxes ED through an insulating coupling IS by pumps P.
  • the cooling temperature of the auxiliary refrigerating device COLb is kept lower than that of the main refrigerating device COLa, or the pressure in the return pipe RT is kept lower than that in the steel pipe 6 by utilizing a blower.
  • the dielectric strength depends upon the pressure of the coolant in the steel pipe 6. Accordingly, as mentioned above, underlight load in the coldest season, the temperature in the cable decreases, thereby reducing the pressure of the coolant and decreasing the insulating power. Though there have been proposed several different means for preventing this inconvenience, one easy solution is to heat the coolant on its way from the refrigerating device to the interior of the cable through the pump so that the heated coolant in the liquid phase or the gas-liquid mixture increases the temperature of the cable. Even when the cable is heated in this manner, it is necessary to maintain the amount of circulating coolant at the predetermined value.
  • the return pipe RT should be provided in the portion of the cable in which the unevaporated coolant collects abundantly, to avoid the otherwise resulting increased cost for additional coolant or increased resistance to the circulation of the coolant.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 there is illustrated another embodiment of the R type arrangement according to the present invention.
  • thesteel pipe is made as thin as possible to function as the in'-coming path for the liquid phase coolant
  • the return pipe RT is the in-coming path for the vapor phase coolant.
  • the valve device SP will close when the liquid phase coolant rises up and will open when only the vapor phase coolant rises up.
  • This embodiment corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4, and the dimensions of the respective portions are as follows: internal diamter of the steel pipe -400 mm; internal diamter of the supply pipe F-300 mm; and internal diameter of the return pipe RT-SOO mm.
  • the electric power transmission cable line with an evaporative cooling system eliminates the problems of undulation in cable laying and obstruction of circulation of the coolant due to the gathering of the unevaporated liquid phase coolant in the lower cable portions resulting from installation of the refrigerating device in a higher location. Since the diameter of the in-coming path for the liquid phase coolant cable is made smaller, efficient cooling is economically obtained at the expense of only a relatively small increase in the amount of coolant flowing through the in-coming path. Furthermore, it is easier to increase the pressure of coolant for the cable so as to increase the dielectric strength to permit the cable to be designed compactly and independently of the cable laying conditions.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but is also applicable to the example shown in FIG. 5 and 6.
  • the term electric transmission cable includes all kinds of insulated wire for electric energy transmission such as, for example plastic tubing insulated cable, compressed gas insulation spacer cable, bus duct, and various types of bus. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide several incoming paths, some portions of which are used as the incoming path for liquid phase coolant and others for vapor phase coolant.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment having a single cooling section for a single cable section.
  • Reference numeral 1 designates a cable
  • the reference character ED denotes terminal boxes.
  • Character FC designates a flow control valve device
  • reference character IS denotes insulating couplings.
  • Reference character R denotes a returning pipe
  • character COL- designates a refrigerating device.
  • Reference character P denotes a pump to circulate the coolant
  • character F designates a feeding pipe.
  • the coolant is condensed in the refrigerating device COL and is circulated by the action of the pump P via feeding pipe F through the right hand terminal box ED and insulating coupling IS, the left hand terminal box ED, flow control valve device FC, the left hand insulated coupling IS, return pipe R, and back to refrigerating device COL, thus cooling the cable I.
  • the amount of circulating coolant decreases and cooling begins to become insufficient, the amount of vapor phase increases in the coolant flowing out of the outlet of the cable 1. Furthermore, when all the liquid phase coolant has evaporated, the temperature of the cable starts to increase. On the other hand, when the amount of circulating coolant is excessive, the
  • the valve device may control the amount of flow automatically, that is, when the amount of vapor phase coolant becomes larger, the valve device operates to increase the amount of circulating coolant.
  • FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of such a valve device in which reference numerals 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 respectively designate in the order of the numerals, a valve, a valve seat, a float, guide ring (both 15 and 16), and a valve casing.
  • the coolant is directed to flow into the valve device from the outlet of the cable in the direction of the arrows.
  • the float 14 rises up and falls down on the liquid phase coolant, thereby opening and closing the valve 12 to control the amount of flow of coolant.
  • valve casing 17 should desirably be made in relatively larger size. It is also required for the valve not to be affected by the pressure difference in its opening and closing operation when the valve 12 is closed and the pressure in the valve casing 17 is higher than that in the returning pipe R connected to the upper portion of the valve device; therefore, the buoyancy of the float 14 should be larger.
  • FIG. 14 there is an illustration of another embodiment of the flow control unit according to the present invention, in which the coolant flow, as indicated by the arrow, from an entrance pipe 18 to the returning pipe R (shown in FIG. 12) through a vessel 25 and via an outlet pipe 19.
  • the amount of flow is regulated by a magnetic value or electric valve 20, and a by-pass pipe 21 is provided to secure a minimum amount of coolant flow.
  • An. operating unit a for the magnetic or electric valve 20 is controlled by the output from an electrostatic capacity detection device 24 which detects an electrostatic capacity between the opposing electrodes 22 and 23 between which the coolant flows in the vessel 25.
  • the dielectric constant'of the liquid phase coolant is in the range of 1.7 to 6.2 and for the vapor phase is in the range of l .01 to 1.03, depending upon the kind of coolant. Accordingly, the amount of vapor phase coolant can be detected by measuring the electrostatic capacity between the electrodes 22 and 23.
  • freon l2 as coolant
  • the valve 20 is set to open fully when the dielectric constant is approximately 1.0 and to close completely when approximately 1.7, the amount of coolant flow will be regulated automatically as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13.
  • the flow control unit of thisembodiment needs an external power supply, the advantage of this unit is that it is not affected by the flow rate of coolant or difference of pressure.
  • FIG. 12 there is an illustration of another embodiment of 'the evaporative cooling system in an L type arrangement according to the present invention, in which the circulation path is divided into a plurality of circulating sections, and the coolant circulates in parallel.
  • a three-phase transmission cable I includes three cables la, 1b and 10, each of which is connected by way of feeding joint boxes 11. The section between two feeding joint boxes forms a unit circulating section. Comparing FIG. 12 with FIG. 5 and 6, the three incoming paths S in FIG. 5 correspond to the three cables la, 1b and 1c in FIG. 12 from the view point of the coolant circulation path. Though the three cooling pipes 8 in FIG. 5 are not shown'in FIG.
  • the coolant is supplied in parallel from the feeding pipe F, which is part of the out-going path, through the feeding joint junction boxes 11 as indicated by the arrows, and is returned from the other feeding joint boxes, which function as outlets for the coolant, through the flow control valve device FC to the return pipe R which is part of the in-coming path, and then condensed in the refrigerating device COL.
  • the insulating gas area may be useful as the returning pipe R.
  • the flow control unit operates so as to increase the amount of coolant flow as the amount of the vapor phase coolant increases.
  • the present invention accomplishes an efficient cooling, and thus the capacity of the pump for coolant circulation can be reduced to approximately one-third.
  • cooling of the cable is carried out uniformly in every section.
  • the valve device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 does not need any external power source; accordingly an unattended cooling system can be'provided by utilizing this valve device.
  • the valve device can easily be placed in the high voltage charging portion of the cable.
  • the reason why the flow control unit is provided at the outlet side from cable conductor is as follows. If the flow control unit is placed in the entrance side of the cable conductor so as to control the amount of coolant flow, the control of the cooling circulation must be carried out by detection of the current in the cable by means of a current transformer or the like, or by detection of the temperature in the outlet side from cable conductor. In those cases, the control system may become complicated due to a long distance between the detection part and control part. Besides, when the valve installed in the entrance side is closed, the liquid phase coolant decreases, and the vapor phase coolant increases. Consequently, the temperature may exceed the permitted limit temporarily during the abrupt flow of large current. These are so undesirable that the flow control unit should be installed in the outlet side of the cable conductor.
  • the coolant is in the state of a gas-liquid mixture in the returning pipe R. Accordingly, the valve device can be operated so as to separate the vapor phase from the liquid phase coolant.
  • the valve device may function both as a fractionating device and as a flow control device for an electric power transmission cable.
  • valve device for these two functions in a long range cable having undulations in an L type arrangement.
  • FIG. 12 even though only one valve device is shown for each respective cooling section, it is needless to say that two or more devices can be used to reduce the vapor content of the coolant in the out-going path through the whole length of a cooling section.
  • the invention providing many valve devices in a cooling section is useful to cool the C. G. I. cable.
  • a parallel out-going path such as feeding pipe F in FIG. 12 is not usually needed if the vapor content is not so rich. If the vapor content in the out-going path in the conductor of C. G. I. cable is not kept diluted, then a parallel feeding pipe may be needed because the pressure drop for circulation with two phase flow becomes very large.
  • the present invention provides economically a long range electric power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system in which specific problems are resolved by using a valve device as described above.
  • a power transmission cable comprising at least one valve device provided in an incoming path for the coolant or the outlet side from cable conductor, the valve device operating so as to open and close in response to the amount of vapor phase or liquid phase of the coolant.
  • a power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system comprising a plurality of incoming paths for the coolant, at least one of which is the incoming path for the vapor phase coolant and another of which is the incoming path for the liquid phase coolant, and at least one said valve device coupled between the incoming path for the vapor phase coolant and the incoming path for the liquid phase coolant.
  • a power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system in which one of said incoming paths for the coolant is the interior of a pipe in which the cable is placed, and another incoming path for the coolant is a return pipe extending parallel to said pipe.
  • a power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system according to claim 1 in which said valve device is disposed in the cable conductor outlet side for the coolant, said device operating to increase the amount of coolant flow in response to an increase in the amount of the vapor phase coolant.
  • a power transmission cable with evaporative cooling system in which said valve device operates to detect the differences in at least one property of the vapor phase and the liquid coolant, the properties being density, viscosity, heat conductivity, and dielectric constant, so as to control the circulation of the coolant.
  • valve device is a float valve comprising a float and a stopper.
  • a power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system comprising a pair of electrodes through which the coolant flows, means for measuring the electrostatic capacity between said electrodes, and valve means responsive to said measuring means for controlling the circulation of the coolant.
  • valve device is a float valve comprising a float and a stopper.
  • a power transmission cable with an evaporative cooling system comprising a pair of electrodes through which the coolant flows, means for measuring the electrostatic capacity between said electrodes, and valve means responsive to said measuring means for controlling the circulation of the coolant.

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US00257622A 1971-05-28 1972-05-30 Electric power transmission cable with evaporative cooling system Expired - Lifetime US3736364A (en)

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JP46036828A JPS5244028B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-28 1971-05-28
JP46041576A JPS5241474B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-06-11 1971-06-11

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DE (1) DE2225987A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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GB (1) GB1375466A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4215234A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-07-29 The Tokyo Electric Power Company Natural circulation type evaporative cooling power cable line
US20140022708A1 (en) * 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Elwha Llc Phase-change cooling of subterranean power lines
US20170077687A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling apparatus
US20170144558A1 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-25 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Electric line arrangement
US10766374B2 (en) * 2018-09-17 2020-09-08 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle charging cable
EP3593400A4 (en) * 2017-03-09 2021-03-31 Zuta-Car Systems Ltd SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES FOR THERMAL REGULATION

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DE2404720C3 (de) * 1974-02-01 1983-12-29 Felten & Guilleaume Energietechnik GmbH, 5000 Köln Wassergekühltes Hochspannungs-Energiekabel
CN110471151B (zh) * 2019-08-23 2020-12-04 新昌县凌智机械有限公司 一种交通工程施工光缆的地下防护保护装置

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US3463869A (en) * 1966-07-13 1969-08-26 Air Prod & Chem Refrigerated underground transmission line and process
US3609206A (en) * 1970-01-30 1971-09-28 Ite Imperial Corp Evaporative cooling system for insulated bus
US3646243A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-02-29 Simplex Wire & Cable Co Coolant circuit for resistive cryogenic electric power transmission line

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US3170026A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-02-16 Riley D Woodson Circulation system for fluid in pipes carrying electric cables
US3162716A (en) * 1962-10-15 1964-12-22 Garrett Corp Super conductor-power transmission system
US3343035A (en) * 1963-03-08 1967-09-19 Ibm Superconducting electrical power transmission systems
US3453449A (en) * 1965-08-31 1969-07-01 Siemens Ag Electrical power transmission with superconducting power cables
US3463869A (en) * 1966-07-13 1969-08-26 Air Prod & Chem Refrigerated underground transmission line and process
US3646243A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-02-29 Simplex Wire & Cable Co Coolant circuit for resistive cryogenic electric power transmission line
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4215234A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-07-29 The Tokyo Electric Power Company Natural circulation type evaporative cooling power cable line
US20140022708A1 (en) * 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Elwha Llc Phase-change cooling of subterranean power lines
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US9140499B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2015-09-22 Elwha Llc Phase-change cooling of subterranean power lines
US9562704B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2017-02-07 Elwha Llc Phase-change cooling of subterranean power lines
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US9935434B2 (en) * 2014-03-31 2018-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling apparatus
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2140016A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12
IT958082B (it) 1973-10-20
GB1375466A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-27
FR2140016B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-12-23
DE2225987A1 (de) 1973-01-25

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