US3735302A - Electromagnet - Google Patents

Electromagnet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3735302A
US3735302A US00215067A US3735302DA US3735302A US 3735302 A US3735302 A US 3735302A US 00215067 A US00215067 A US 00215067A US 3735302D A US3735302D A US 3735302DA US 3735302 A US3735302 A US 3735302A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
armature
enclosure
guide means
combination
winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00215067A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Eckert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3735302A publication Critical patent/US3735302A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding

Definitions

  • the Winding- The enclosure has a p Piece which 51] lm.
  • H01f 7 0 defines an internal surface and the armature has an .335/258, 262, 279
  • the enclosure and armature have conical pole faces which define a conical gap which S T. N m MA .I-P n MT m ..s e m n N U m .D
  • the present invention relates to electromagnets, and particularly to heavy-duty electromagnets capable of exerting a large force while consuming relatively little power.
  • Heavy-duty electromagnets which are designed to realize large lifting forces without consuming too much power are already known. These known electromagnets seek to convert most of the electrical energy directly into mechanical energy. Since the movable member of an electromagnet, or the armature, at least partially passes through the housing or enclosure of the electromagnet, which includes the coil, it is important that any frictional forces which may come about by the interaction of the armature and the stationary portions of the electromagnet be eliminated or at least minimized.
  • the prior-art electromagnets In the prior-art electromagnets, it has been attempted to remove the frictional forces by providing a guide member along which the armature is slidably mounted to thereby maintain the coaxial relationship between the armature and the electromagnet housing.
  • the prior-art electromagnets have utilized a guide member which is centrally positioned with respect to the armature housing, and bearings have been evenly distributed over the guide means. Racers for the bearings are provided in the axial direction of the guide means thereby to ensure that the armature is guided along the guide means with insignificant generation of frictional forces. With such movement, the armature is maintained concentrically or coaxially with said armature housing and no frictional forces arise between the stationary armature housing and the moving armature.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnet which overcomes the above-described disadvantages of the prior-art electromagnets.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnet which can realize large lifting forces while consuming relatively little power, and which is simple in construction and inexpensive to produce.
  • an electromagnet comprises a hollow enclosure consisting of magnetizable material and elongated guide means at least a portion of which consists of non-magnetizable material and extends substantially centrally of said enclosure.
  • a winding is mounted in said enclosure.
  • An armature is slidably mounted on said non-magnetizable portion for movement lengthwise of said guide means in response to changes in condition of energization of said winding.
  • the enclosure has an internal surface and the armature has an external surface defining with said internal surface a clearance whose width remains substantially unchanged while said armature moves with reference to said guide means.
  • the guide means has an outer diameter.
  • the armature has at least one portion which has an inner diameter which is greater than said outer diameter of the guide thereby to establish a predetermined clearance between the guide means and said first portion.
  • the armature also has at least one second portion which has an inner diameter which is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the guide means thereby to establish slidable contact of said armature on said guide means of said second portion.
  • FIGURE is a front elevational view of an armature, shown in cross-section, according to the present invention, which also shows the armature mounted in a housing.
  • an armature including a substantially hollow enclosure 1 having a cylindrical portion which consists of magnetic material. Suitable for the hollow enclosure 1 is a pot-shaped magnet as shown. A winding 2 is provided which has the connect-.
  • the winding 2 is wound on a spool or bobbin 3 in a conventional manner.
  • Theenclosure 1 is provided with a central opening 7 which is coaxial with the cylindrical portion of the enclosure 1.
  • a yoke piece 8 is provided with the wide flange 9 whose dimensions are generally greater than those of the center opening 7, while at least a portion of the tapered yoke 8 just above the region of the wide flange 9 has a dimension which is substantially equal to the dimension of the central opening 7. In this manner, the tapered yoke piece 8 is insertable into the interior of the hollow enclosure, as shown in the FIGURE, until the flange 9 abuts against the end wall of the hollow enclosure 1.
  • the tapered yoke piece 8 is provided with a conical surface 10 which acts as a conical pole face, as will be hereinafter described.
  • An armature 12 is shown to be generally an elongated member and having at one end a conical surface 11 which corresponds to the conical surface 10 of the tapered yoke piece 8.
  • the conical surfaces and 11 define between them a conical air gap whose dimension changes with sliding movement of the armature 12.
  • the armature 12 is generally annularly shaped and has an outside diameter 12'.
  • the head of the bolt 13 abuts against the lower surface of the tapered yoke piece 8 for securing the armature to a housing as will be later described.
  • the bolt 13 is generally provided with a smooth machine finish.
  • the bolt 13 is made of a non-magnetizable material which does not influence magnetic fields. It is possible, however, that only a portion of the bolt 31 be made from a non-magnetizable material.
  • the portion of the bolt 13 which is coextensive with the conical air gap defined by the surfaces 10 and 11 be made from a non-magnetizable material.
  • the air gap dimension which determines the size or length of the non-magnetizable portion corresponds to the position of the armature 12 in its outermost extended position in the upward direction.
  • the portions of the bolt 13 which are always within the confines of either the yoke 8 or that portion of the armature 12 above the conical surface 11 to be made from non-magnitizable material.
  • the annular pole-piece 17 is provided with the flanged portion 18 which mates with the beaded edge 16 of the enclosure 1.
  • the lower surface of the polepiece 17 abuts against the upper portion of the winding 2 to thereby secure the winding 2 within the closure 1.
  • the pole-piece 17 has an inner diameter which defines an internal surface which is generally coextensive with the internal surface of the winding 2 so as to provide a relatively uniform cylindrical space within the closure 1 for the vertical movement of the armature 12 along the guide means 13.
  • the internal surface 15 of the annular pole-piece 17 and the external surface 12' of the armature 12 together define a clearance which remains substantially unchanged while the armature 12 moves with reference to the guide means 13.
  • the armature 12 is provided at the end opposite to the end bearing the conical surface 11 with a carrying portion 22. As shown in the drawing, this carrying portion 22 is provided with an annular slot and a shoulder 22. Between this shoulder 22' and the flanged portion 18, biasing means 19, here shown to be a conical compression spring, is inserted.
  • the carrying portion 22 will be further described hereinafter.
  • the armature 12 is shown to have a first portion 23 whose internal diameter is selected to be greater than the diameter of the guide means 13, thereby to establish a predetermined clearance between the guide means 13 and the portion 23.
  • the armature 12 is also shown to have two second portions 24 and 25 on each side of first portion 23.
  • Each portion 24 and 25 has an inner diameter which is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the guide means 13, thereby to establish slidable contact of the armature 12 on the guide means at said second portions.
  • close tolerances must only be provided in the regions of contacts 24 and 25, the actual diameter of surface 23 not being very critical. Also, with the present construction the clearance between surface 23 and the guide means 13 is inherently shielded from external contaminants by the action of the contacts 24 and 25.
  • the length of the armature l2 coextensive with the surface 23 offers no frictional resistance to the movement of said armature 12.
  • the only frictional forces tending to impede the free movement of the armature 12 are those forces which are set up by the slidable contact movement of the armature 12 at the contacts 24 and 25. If the inner surfaces of contacts 24 and 25 are smoothly finished as should be the guide means 13, the frictional forces encountered therebetween are very small. These residual frictional forces can further be reduced by applying a minimal amount of lubrication to the guide means 13, such as light machine oil.
  • the armature 12 of the electromagnet is urged by the compression spring 19 into an uppermost position, or an extended position outside the armature housing.
  • a magnetic field will become established in air-gap of the armature 2.
  • the air-gap is defined by the inner surface 15 of pole-piece 17 and the outer surface 12' of the armature 12.
  • the secondary gap, described above is defined by the two conical surfaces 10 and 11 of the tapered yoke piece 8 and armature 12, respectively.
  • the establishment of the electromagnet fields between the two aforementioned air-gaps will have the tendency to urge the armature 12 into a retracted position within the armature housing.
  • case 26 forms part of the fuel injection pump.
  • the case 26 has a shoulder 27 which is adapted for abutment with the flanged edge 16 of the enclosure 1.
  • the guide means 13, a bolt in this embodiment, is meshed at the top end with the case 26. The bolt 13 is advanced in the direction of case 26 until the head of the bolt forcefully abuts on the flange 9 of the tapered yoke piece 8.
  • the end section or carrying portion 22 is merely to engage with a member whose movement it is designed to control with the electromagnet. Accordingly, the actual configuration of carrying portion 22 is not critical and any configuration which will carry or urge such member to move with the armature is satisfactory. Shown in the FIGURE, the carrying portion 22 is shown to comprise an opening, here an annular slot,
  • One such configuration is a forked-end of a lever, which forms part of a fuel injection pump of a combustion engine.
  • the forked end comprises of two prongs 30, shown in cross-section in the FIGURE.
  • the electromagnet is shown in the FIGURE to include a compression spring 19, the use of such a spring does not form a critical part of the invention.
  • the use of the conical air-gap defined by the surfaces and 11 need not necessarily be utilized. Any other configuration of airgaps between the lower end of the armature 12 and the enclosure 1 would be equally suitable.
  • composition of the closure 1 is likewise not critical to the present invention, materials used for this purpose being well known in the art.
  • a combination comprising a hollow enclosure in the shape of a pot-shaped magnet and consisting of magnetizable material; elongated guide means at least a portion which consists of non-magnetizable material and extends substantially centrally of said enclosure; a winding mounted in said enclosure; and an armature slidably mounted on said portion for movement lengthwise of said guide means in response to changes in condition of energization of said winding, said enclosure and said armature having conical pole faces which define a conical gap which varies in response to movement of said armature with reference to said guide means.
  • a combination comprising a hollow enclosure consisting of magnetizable material; elongated guide means at least a portion of which consists of non-magnetizable material, extends substantially centrally of said enclosure and has a predetermined outer diameter; a winding mounted in said enclosure; and an armature slidably mounted on said portion for movement lengthwise of said guide means in response to changes in condition of energization of said winding, said armature having at least one first portion having an inner diameter which is greater than said outer diameter of said guide means thereby to establish a predetermined clearance between said guide means and said first portion, and said armature having at least one second portion having an inner diameter which is substantially equal to said outer diameter thereby to establish slidable contact of said armature and said guide means along said second portion.
  • said enclosure is a pot-shaped magnet having a cylindrical portion which is coaxial with said guide means; and further comprising an annular pole-piece mounted at the open end of said enclosure and having an inner diameter which defines said internal surface of said enclosure.
  • said securing means comprises a opening having a first configuration and wherein said movable member comprises a section of a lever, such as that forming part of a fuel injection pump of a combustion engine, at least a portion of said lever section having a second configuration which is adapted to be mated with said carrying portion for being carried thereby.
  • said first configuration comprises an annular slot and wherein said second configuration comprises a forked end.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US00215067A 1971-03-17 1972-01-03 Electromagnet Expired - Lifetime US3735302A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2112799A DE2112799B2 (de) 1971-03-17 1971-03-17 Elektromagnet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3735302A true US3735302A (en) 1973-05-22

Family

ID=5801802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00215067A Expired - Lifetime US3735302A (en) 1971-03-17 1972-01-03 Electromagnet

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3735302A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DE (1) DE2112799B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
FR (1) FR2129341A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
GB (1) GB1327004A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900822A (en) * 1974-03-12 1975-08-19 Ledex Inc Proportional solenoid
US4091348A (en) * 1976-03-12 1978-05-23 Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. Solenoid device for electromagnetically operated valve
US4539542A (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-09-03 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
EP0181056A1 (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-05-14 Kenneth W. Zeuner Proportional solenoid
US4604600A (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-08-05 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US4635937A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-01-13 Igt Amusement machine
US4646043A (en) * 1985-03-27 1987-02-24 Wavecom Solenoid having a plunger non-fixedly adjoining an end of the armature
US4693477A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-09-15 Dickinson Peter D Amusement machine
US4711452A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-12-08 International Game Technology (Igt) Amusement machine
USRE32783E (en) * 1983-12-23 1988-11-15 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US4790513A (en) * 1983-11-17 1988-12-13 General Motors Corporation Solenoid valve assembly
USRE32860E (en) * 1983-12-23 1989-02-07 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US5349319A (en) * 1988-04-01 1994-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Starter
US5564389A (en) * 1995-07-10 1996-10-15 Barber-Colman Corporation Force motor for use in the fuel system of an internal combustion engine
US6175291B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-01-16 Dipl- Ing. Wolfgang E. Schultz Electromagnet
US20150380194A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Lsis Co., Ltd. Relay
US20160012995A1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Lsis Co., Ltd. Magnetic switch
US20160233013A1 (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-11 Denso Corporation Linear solenoid
EP3422373A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-02 Iskra Mehanizmi d.o.o. Compact linear solenoid with improved geometry of magnetically active surfaces
US10598141B2 (en) * 2015-09-29 2020-03-24 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Electromagnetic actuator, electromagnetic valve and high-pressure fuel pump
US10982633B2 (en) * 2017-07-03 2021-04-20 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Fuel pump solenoid assembly method

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2419732C3 (de) * 1974-04-24 1981-07-16 Vsesojusnyj naučno-issledovatel'skij institut televidenija i radioveščanija, Moskva Einziehmagnet
US4239401A (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-12-16 Plessey Peripheral Systems Impact printer hammer assembly
FR2568402B1 (fr) * 1984-07-24 1987-02-20 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a courant continu, en particulier pour appareil electrique de commutation
DE3943605C2 (de) * 1988-04-01 1996-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Elektromagnetische Anzugseinheit eines Anlassermotors
DE3829676A1 (de) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-15 Olympia Aeg Tauchankermagnet, sowie dessen verwendung als druckhammer in einer druckhammervorrichtung
DE102009008447B4 (de) * 2009-02-11 2013-02-07 Kendrion (Donaueschingen/Engelswies) GmbH Elektromagnet
DE102020113234B3 (de) 2020-05-15 2021-07-08 Preh Gmbh Bedienelement mit verbessertem Tauchanker-Aktuator zur Erzeugung eines aktiven haptischen Feedbacks

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597650A (en) * 1922-10-03 1926-08-24 Delco Light Co Electrical apparatus
US2405396A (en) * 1944-11-29 1946-08-06 Gen Electric Electromagnet
FR1530009A (fr) * 1967-06-27 1968-06-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert électro-aimant pour actionner un appareil
US3505628A (en) * 1968-03-04 1970-04-07 Perry E Allen Solenoid plunger with limited free travel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597650A (en) * 1922-10-03 1926-08-24 Delco Light Co Electrical apparatus
US2405396A (en) * 1944-11-29 1946-08-06 Gen Electric Electromagnet
FR1530009A (fr) * 1967-06-27 1968-06-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert électro-aimant pour actionner un appareil
US3505628A (en) * 1968-03-04 1970-04-07 Perry E Allen Solenoid plunger with limited free travel

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900822A (en) * 1974-03-12 1975-08-19 Ledex Inc Proportional solenoid
US4091348A (en) * 1976-03-12 1978-05-23 Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. Solenoid device for electromagnetically operated valve
US4790513A (en) * 1983-11-17 1988-12-13 General Motors Corporation Solenoid valve assembly
USRE32860E (en) * 1983-12-23 1989-02-07 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US4539542A (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-09-03 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US4604600A (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-08-05 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
USRE32783E (en) * 1983-12-23 1988-11-15 G. W. Lisk Company, Inc. Solenoid construction and method for making the same
US4635937A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-01-13 Igt Amusement machine
US4693477A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-09-15 Dickinson Peter D Amusement machine
US4711452A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-12-08 International Game Technology (Igt) Amusement machine
EP0181056A1 (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-05-14 Kenneth W. Zeuner Proportional solenoid
US4651118A (en) * 1984-11-07 1987-03-17 Zeuner Kenneth W Proportional solenoid
US4646043A (en) * 1985-03-27 1987-02-24 Wavecom Solenoid having a plunger non-fixedly adjoining an end of the armature
US5349319A (en) * 1988-04-01 1994-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Starter
US5564389A (en) * 1995-07-10 1996-10-15 Barber-Colman Corporation Force motor for use in the fuel system of an internal combustion engine
US6175291B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-01-16 Dipl- Ing. Wolfgang E. Schultz Electromagnet
US20150380194A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Lsis Co., Ltd. Relay
US9673010B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2017-06-06 Lsis Co., Ltd. Relay
US20160012995A1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Lsis Co., Ltd. Magnetic switch
US9754749B2 (en) * 2014-07-11 2017-09-05 Lsis Co., Ltd. Magnetic switch
US20160233013A1 (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-11 Denso Corporation Linear solenoid
US9865385B2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2018-01-09 Denso Corporation Linear solenoid
US10598141B2 (en) * 2015-09-29 2020-03-24 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Electromagnetic actuator, electromagnetic valve and high-pressure fuel pump
EP3422373A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-02 Iskra Mehanizmi d.o.o. Compact linear solenoid with improved geometry of magnetically active surfaces
US10982633B2 (en) * 2017-07-03 2021-04-20 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Fuel pump solenoid assembly method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2112799A1 (de) 1972-10-05
GB1327004A (en) 1973-08-15
FR2129341A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1972-10-27
DE2112799B2 (de) 1975-09-18

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