US3733520A - Means for limiting the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions in a surge diverter - Google Patents

Means for limiting the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions in a surge diverter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3733520A
US3733520A US00248601A US3733520DA US3733520A US 3733520 A US3733520 A US 3733520A US 00248601 A US00248601 A US 00248601A US 3733520D A US3733520D A US 3733520DA US 3733520 A US3733520 A US 3733520A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
diverter
spark gap
shunt
over
voltage
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00248601A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Schei
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage of short duration, e.g. lightning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters

Definitions

  • a shunt impedance is provided shunt- 338/2] ing at least one spark gap stack which is shunted by [51] Int. Cl. ..H02h l/00 the shunt spark gap.
  • the surge diverter includes a suf- [58] Field of Search ..338/2l, 13, 20; ficient number of shunt gaps to prevent the total voltage over the diverter upon super-imposed over-voltage conditions from exceeding the protection level of the diverter.
  • a surge diverter in an electric power line may under certain conditions during the extinguishing interval of the diverter be subjected to superimposed overvoltages or over-voltages superimposed on the operating voltage. Such conditions are most likely to appear in equipment for high voltage direct current and may occur when different diverters in the equipment ignite at different moments. An example of this is when a diverter for a converter-rectifier sparks-over while a phase-earth diverter discharges a connection overvoltage from the AC side. The phase-earth diverter is then connected to the DC line over the diverter of the converter-rectifier, thus causing a current increase in the phase-earth diverter. At the moment when the diverter over the converter-rectifier is ignited, the phaseearth diverter may very well operate with arcs extended by a magnetic field and under such conditions normal diverters do not give sufficient protection.
  • the present invention relates to a means for surge diverters, preferably in equipment for high voltage direct current, to limit the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions.
  • a plurality of spark gap stacks with associated non-linear resistors are provided with a shunt spark gap shunting at least one spark gap stack with the associated nonlinear resistor.
  • a shunt impedance is provided shunting at least one spark gap stack which is shunted by the shunt spark gap.
  • the surge diverter includes a sufficient number of shunt gaps to prevent the total voltage over the diverter upon superimposed over-voltage conditions from exceeding the protection level of the diverter.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the voltage over the non-linear valve-resistors and the voltage over the spark gap in a phase-earth diverter, for example;
  • FIG. 7 shows the total voltage over the diverter as a function of the time.
  • the four latter figures show the conditions during super-imposed over-voltage conditrons.
  • a surge diverter according to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 comprises a number of spark gap stacks 1 alternating with non-linear valve-resistors 2. Parallel therewith is a control chain with control impedances 3. The figures only show part of a diverter.
  • FIG. 1 shows two gap stacks and a resistor being shunted
  • FIG. 2 shows the case in which the shunt gap bridges a gap stack and a resistor.
  • FIG. 3 the valve-resistor 2 is a part of the control chain.
  • Other combinations are of course also possible.
  • spark-over voltage of the shunt gap 4 is chosen so high that it does not fire during normal over-voltages but only when such superimposed overvoltages occur as might jeopardize the protective capacity of the diverter.
  • the number of shunts necessary for a certain diverter may vary from time to time and can be determined so that the diverter can ensure the necessary protection level.
  • FIG. 5 shows the corresponding sequence for the voltage U,, over the resistance block in the first sparked-over phase-earth diverter. At the time t, a voltage peak appears.
  • FIG. 6 shows the voltage over the gap stacks. From a low value immediately after the gaps have sparked-over the gap voltage increases as the arcs are extended because of the magnetic blowing. However, here also a strong voltage peak occurs at the time t when the second diverter sparks-over.
  • FIG. 7 shows the voltage U,, over the phase-earth diverter, this voltage being U,, U
  • the protection level U of the diverter is indicated by a broken line and from FIG. 7 it is clear that the total voltage over the diverter exceeds its protection level, so that the diverter is not capable of protecting the equipment.
  • spark gaps and valve-resistor blocks are shunted with extra gaps, this means that part of the voltage peak occuring at the time t in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be removed.
  • the number of shunt gaps is chosen so that the voltage peak at t shown in FIG. 7 is kept under the line U,,.
  • a surge diverter means to limit the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions, said means comprising a plurality of spark gap stacks (1) with associated serially connected non-linear resistors, and a shunt spark gap shunting at least one spark gap stack (1) with the associated non-linear resistor (2).
  • the surge diverter includes a sufficient number of shunt gaps (4) to pre- 5 protection level (U,,) of the diverter.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
US00248601A 1971-05-03 1972-04-28 Means for limiting the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions in a surge diverter Expired - Lifetime US3733520A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE05673/71A SE352206B (fr) 1971-05-03 1971-05-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3733520A true US3733520A (en) 1973-05-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00248601A Expired - Lifetime US3733520A (en) 1971-05-03 1972-04-28 Means for limiting the residual level during superimposed over-voltage conditions in a surge diverter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3733520A (fr)
CA (1) CA986574A (fr)
CH (1) CH543823A (fr)
DE (1) DE2218962A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE352206B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029997A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester arrangement
US4174530A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-11-13 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester device
US4472754A (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-09-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Surge arrester with a bypass gap
US20090046406A1 (en) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Leviton Manufacturing Company Inc. Overvoltage device with enhanced surge suppression
US7907371B2 (en) 1998-08-24 2011-03-15 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout and reverse wiring protection and method of manufacture
US8599522B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2013-12-03 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Circuit interrupter with improved surge suppression
US9709626B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2017-07-18 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Self testing fault circuit apparatus and method
US9759758B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2017-09-12 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Ground fault detector

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348100A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Sparkover control circuit for lightning arrester shunt gap unit
US3413524A (en) * 1964-07-14 1968-11-26 English Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for providing a protective spark gap for a d.c. powerline
US3414759A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-12-03 Ohio Brass Co Spark gap unit for lightning arresters
US3489949A (en) * 1967-11-13 1970-01-13 Gen Electric Lightning arrester with main and preionizing gaps
US3673459A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-06-27 Gen Electric Two-wire preionizer for surge voltage arresters

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413524A (en) * 1964-07-14 1968-11-26 English Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for providing a protective spark gap for a d.c. powerline
US3348100A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Sparkover control circuit for lightning arrester shunt gap unit
US3414759A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-12-03 Ohio Brass Co Spark gap unit for lightning arresters
US3489949A (en) * 1967-11-13 1970-01-13 Gen Electric Lightning arrester with main and preionizing gaps
US3673459A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-06-27 Gen Electric Two-wire preionizer for surge voltage arresters

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029997A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester arrangement
US4174530A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-11-13 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester device
US4472754A (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-09-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Surge arrester with a bypass gap
US8054595B2 (en) 1998-08-24 2011-11-08 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout
US8130480B2 (en) 1998-08-24 2012-03-06 Leviton Manufactuing Co., Inc. Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout
US7907371B2 (en) 1998-08-24 2011-03-15 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout and reverse wiring protection and method of manufacture
US20090046406A1 (en) * 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Leviton Manufacturing Company Inc. Overvoltage device with enhanced surge suppression
US7697252B2 (en) 2007-08-15 2010-04-13 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Overvoltage device with enhanced surge suppression
US9709626B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2017-07-18 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Self testing fault circuit apparatus and method
US10656199B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2020-05-19 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Self testing fault circuit apparatus and method
US11112453B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2021-09-07 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Self testing fault circuit apparatus and method
US8599522B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2013-12-03 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Circuit interrupter with improved surge suppression
US9759758B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2017-09-12 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Ground fault detector
US10401413B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2019-09-03 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Ground fault detector
US10641812B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2020-05-05 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Ground fault detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA986574A (en) 1976-03-30
CH543823A (de) 1973-10-31
DE2218962A1 (de) 1972-12-07
SE352206B (fr) 1972-12-18

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