US3733045A - Apparatus for lining rotary kilns - Google Patents
Apparatus for lining rotary kilns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3733045A US3733045A US00116484A US3733045DA US3733045A US 3733045 A US3733045 A US 3733045A US 00116484 A US00116484 A US 00116484A US 3733045D A US3733045D A US 3733045DA US 3733045 A US3733045 A US 3733045A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rings
- kiln
- ring
- lining
- forms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101100264195 Caenorhabditis elegans app-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for lining rotary kilns with monolithic castable refractory comprises rings made of segments preferably adjustably attached to each other so the rings can be adjusted to desired circumference, the rings having removable spacer elements which support the rings on and space them from the [56] Refel'ences Cited kiln shell. Forms are attached to the rings and castable UNITED STATES PATENTS refractory placed between the forms and the luln shell to form the lining.
- ATTOR/VKY PATENTEU MAY 1 5 I975 SHEET 2 [1F 2 L422 Y L. MANN INVf/VTOR k! C W ATTORNEY APPARATUS FOR LINING ROTARY KILNS BACKGROUND
- This invention concerns the lining of rotary kilns and particularly a method and apparatus for installing a monolithic lining of castable refractory material.
- an apparatus comprising a plurality of segmented ring structures, the rings preferably being made up of adjustably attached arcuate segments, and being supported concentrically within the rotary kiln shell by at least three support or spacer elements removably attached to the ring at circumferentially spaced intervals.
- a starter board is placed between the kiln shell and the rings, and forms attached to the outer surfaces of the rings circumferentially from the starter board for a portion of the distance around the rings.
- This section is filled with castable refractory, and then a further section of forms applied to the rings.
- FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a rotary kiln showing the apparatus of the present invention in place;
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary kiln taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rotary kiln showing its division, for purposes of description, into four quadrants;
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 2 surrounded by line 44;
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of the portion of FIG. 1 surrounded by line 5-5.
- Independent rings 10 are preferably made up of arcuate segments 11 adjustably attached to each other. As will be evident, the several rings of the structure are handled separately. For example, attachment by means of joining elements 12 which are attached by rivets 13 to one end of a segment 11 and by bolts 14, passing through an elongated slot 16 in joining element 12, to the opposite end of the next adjacent segment 11.
- rings 10 In preparing to line a rotary kiln, two or more rings 10 will be assembled outside the kiln, rings 10 being assembled to have a diameter which, taking into account the thickness of forms 21 to be attached to rings 10, will provide a space between forms 21 and kiln shell 23 equal to the thickness of refractory lining desired. It will be apparent that when rings 10 are made up of segments 1] adjustably attached to each other, it is very easy to achieve, within limits, any desired circumfer ence in rings 10.
- rings 10 when rings 10 are made up of a given number of segments 11, for example the eight segments shown in the drawings, then the degree of adjustment between segments 11 will be such that the circumference of ring 10 with segments 11 adjusted to their maximum separation is at least as large as the circumference obtainable with one greater number of segments in the ring (i.e., nine for the embodiment illustrated) when segments 11 are adjusted to their closest position, and therefore minimum circumference.
- rings 10 it will be possible to construct rings 10 of any circumference above a certain minimum. The advantages of such a structure in lining kilns of different sizes will be apparent.
- Segments 11 may be formed, as shown, of U-shaped channel stock, with the legs of the U forming the outer surfaces of rings 10 so as to provide space for the heads of rivets l3 and bolts 14, as well as for nuts 28 (described below).
- rings 10 After the requisite number of rings 10, at least two, have been assembled, they are placed concentrically within kiln shell 23 in the area to be lined, being supported by detachable spacer elements such as spacer bolts 17. These are ordinary bolts of the requisite length, which however need be threaded only along the portion of their shank which passes through segment 11. It will be understood that segments 11 are threaded to receive spacer bolts 17, for example by means of nuts 28 welded within the U-channel forming segment 11. For convenience of adjustment, bolts 17 may have handles 31 attached to their heads.
- the number of rings 10 used in lining a given section of kiln will depend on the longitudinal length of the section. It has been found that good results are obtained when rings 10 are spaced no more than four feet apart along the length of the kiln. lt willalso be'understood that, while the method and apparatus of the present invention will most often be used to install a repair or replacement section of kiln lining, the method is also applicable to installation of a new lining.
- Starter board 18 will be placed in one of the lower quadrants of the kiln. As illustrated in FIG. 3, for purposes of discussion it is possible to divide the cross section of a rotary kiln by vertical and horizontal diameters into four quadrants, these being labeled a, b, c, and d, in FIG. 3. The two lower quadrants are c and d. As will be apparent from the subsequent discussion, whether starter board 18 is placed within quadrant c or quadrant d will depend on the direction in which the kiln is rotated. When the kiln is rotated counterclockwise, looking in the direction of FIG. 1, starter board 18 will be placed in quadrant c, as shown. For clockwise rotation, it will be placed in quadrant d.
- starter board 18 is placed adjacent the set of spacer bolts 17', it will generally be found preferable to support it in position, as by brace 19.
- tongue 24 On the inner side of starter board 18 is placed tongue 24, which will form a longitudinal groove in the starting face of the cast lining. This groove will be filled with refractory castable during the pouring of the last section of lining and form a mechanical interlock between the material which is cast first and that which is cast last.
- forms 21 are placed along the outer surfaces of rings 10, extending from starter board 18 circumferentially to the vicinity of the next circumferentially adjacent set of spacer bolts 17" and longitudinally over the entire section of lining to be cast. As shown in FIG. 2, forms 21 will preferably overlap adjacent sections of refractory 22 in casting a replacement section of the kiln. Where this method is used to install a new lining in a previously unlined kiln, circumferential end forms (not shown) must be installed to replace the refractory 22 already in place in the embodiment illustrated. Although boards are shown as making up forms 21 in the drawings, it will be understood that other equivalent material, for examplc corrugated sheet metal, can be used to construct forms 21. Forms 21 may be attached to rings 10, for example by means of tie wires 27.
- wedges (not shown) can be driven between forms 21 and rings 10 to secure tight and exact positioning.
- castable refractory 26 any of many readily available commercial products, is poured into the space formed by starter board 18, forms 21 and kiln shell 23. As is customary, vibration can be applied to the freshly cast refractory to secure maximum density. If desired, metal anchors 29 may be welded to kiln shell 23 and embedded in refractory castable 26, as is well known in the art. I l
- the set of spacer bolts 17" is removed, and further forms 21 attached to the outer surfaces of rings 10, extending circumferentially from previously placed forms 21 to adjacent the next circumferentially spaced set of spacer bolts 17" and longitudinally over the entire area to be cast.
- This process of removing sets of spacer bolts 17, placing further forms 21, rotating the kiln, and placing more refractory castable 26, is continued until the last set of spacer bolts 17 is removed.
- Starter board 18 and brace 19 are then removed.
- starter board 18 it will often be found convenient to make it in two or more sections.
- the kiln is rotated so that the section of lining remaining to be cast is placed at the circumferentially lowest part of the kiln. This section is then filled with refractory castable 26.
- forms 21 are not necessary, but if, for example, corrugated metal has been used for forms 21, it may be desirable to place a piece of such corrugated metal over the freshly cast final section and apply vibration to its outer surface to impress on the final section the corrugations which have been formed in the remaining portion of the kiln lining.
- rings and forms 21 can be removed from the kiln. lt will be appreciated that the adjustable attachment between segments 11 making up rings 10 will be of assistance in removing rings 10 from the kiln since segments 11 can be adjusted to form a ring of smaller circumference or even used to disassemble rings 10 within the kiln. It will also be apparent that rings 10 and spacer bolts 17, as well as forms 21, can be reused in subsequent kiln lining jobs.
- An advantage of the apparatus of this invention is that spacer bolts 17 and adjustable joining elements 12 together permit adjustment of rings 10 to any size of kiln, and to minor irregularities within a kiln, as well as to any desired thickness of kiln lining.
- the apparatus of this invention can also be used for casting a lining in a lining in a circular kiln whose longitudinal axis is vertical, for examplc a shaft kiln.
- Apparatus for use in casting a refractory lining in a rotary kiln having a metal shell comprising:
- each ring comprising a plurality of detachably connected arcuate segments having a first end and a second end, the first end of each segment being circumferentially adjustably attached to the second end of an adjacent segment, whereby the circumferences of the rings can be adjusted to any size between a minimum circumference and a maximum circumference, said ring structures having an outer surface,
- each ring b. at least three spacer elements removably attached to each ring at circumferentially spaced intervals and extending outwardly of said outer surface of 5 each ring, whereby said rings can be supported substantially concentrically within the metal shell of a rotary kiln, and
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11648471A | 1971-02-18 | 1971-02-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3733045A true US3733045A (en) | 1973-05-15 |
Family
ID=22367441
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00116484A Expired - Lifetime US3733045A (en) | 1971-02-18 | 1971-02-18 | Apparatus for lining rotary kilns |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3733045A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5290006A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1994-03-01 | Clifford Gouker | Expanding form for pouring mixed cement to reposition manhole castings |
CN103615895A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-05 | 长兴盛华耐火材料有限公司 | Refractory brick special for kiln outlets |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US714560A (en) * | 1902-03-22 | 1902-11-25 | Alfred A Clark | Mold. |
US859478A (en) * | 1907-01-02 | 1907-07-09 | Walter S Mack | Collapsible form for arches and sewers. |
US875518A (en) * | 1907-04-16 | 1907-12-31 | George Georgenson | Sectional sewer-mold. |
US942169A (en) * | 1907-05-25 | 1909-12-07 | Philippe A Deslauriers | Means for constructing concrete columns. |
US958402A (en) * | 1909-01-15 | 1910-05-17 | Charles R Jackman | Concrete-mold. |
US985916A (en) * | 1909-08-25 | 1911-03-07 | Nicholas Marx | Mold for culverts. |
US1145228A (en) * | 1911-12-14 | 1915-07-06 | Robert O Blayney | Mold for tubular concrete structures. |
US1734773A (en) * | 1928-03-05 | 1929-11-05 | Scott E Murray | Collapsible steel form |
US3383824A (en) * | 1964-12-15 | 1968-05-21 | Didier Werke Ag | Device for installing or replacing the lining of rotary kilns |
US3445099A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1969-05-20 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Rotary kiln linings |
-
1971
- 1971-02-18 US US00116484A patent/US3733045A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US714560A (en) * | 1902-03-22 | 1902-11-25 | Alfred A Clark | Mold. |
US859478A (en) * | 1907-01-02 | 1907-07-09 | Walter S Mack | Collapsible form for arches and sewers. |
US875518A (en) * | 1907-04-16 | 1907-12-31 | George Georgenson | Sectional sewer-mold. |
US942169A (en) * | 1907-05-25 | 1909-12-07 | Philippe A Deslauriers | Means for constructing concrete columns. |
US958402A (en) * | 1909-01-15 | 1910-05-17 | Charles R Jackman | Concrete-mold. |
US985916A (en) * | 1909-08-25 | 1911-03-07 | Nicholas Marx | Mold for culverts. |
US1145228A (en) * | 1911-12-14 | 1915-07-06 | Robert O Blayney | Mold for tubular concrete structures. |
US1734773A (en) * | 1928-03-05 | 1929-11-05 | Scott E Murray | Collapsible steel form |
US3383824A (en) * | 1964-12-15 | 1968-05-21 | Didier Werke Ag | Device for installing or replacing the lining of rotary kilns |
US3445099A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1969-05-20 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Rotary kiln linings |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5290006A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1994-03-01 | Clifford Gouker | Expanding form for pouring mixed cement to reposition manhole castings |
CN103615895A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-05 | 长兴盛华耐火材料有限公司 | Refractory brick special for kiln outlets |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION, 300 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE DATE;ASSIGNOR:KAISER ALUMINUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004368/0647 Effective date: 19841206 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ITT INDUSTRIAL CREDIT COMPANY, 400 NORTH CENTRAL L Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004402/0540 Effective date: 19850430 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION, A CA CORP. Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004399/0873 Effective date: 19850430 Owner name: NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA, A CANADIAN BANKING CORP. Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004399/0862 Effective date: 19850430 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION, A CO Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:ITT COMMERICIAL FINANCE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005126/0237 Effective date: 19881221 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., A CORP. OF DE, NEW Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005270/0675 Effective date: 19881227 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONAL REFRACTORIES & MINERALS CORPORATION, CALI Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:ITT COMMERCIAL FINANCE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005182/0169 Effective date: 19891106 |