US3732455A - Halogen incandescent lamp - Google Patents

Halogen incandescent lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3732455A
US3732455A US00113980A US3732455DA US3732455A US 3732455 A US3732455 A US 3732455A US 00113980 A US00113980 A US 00113980A US 3732455D A US3732455D A US 3732455DA US 3732455 A US3732455 A US 3732455A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluorine
halogen
lamp
bromine
filament
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00113980A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Neumann
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Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C08K5/03—Halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic, e.g. C6H5-CH2-Cl
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 30 Foreign Application p i i Data
  • the halogen incandescent lamp has a tungsten filament and its halogen cycle takes place with fluorine Mar. 3,1970 Germany....- ..P 20 09 916.5 participating therfiirL
  • the inert fill [52] US.
  • Cl ..313/222, 3 134222 gas contains an additive of perhalogenated low 2; molecular weight hydrocarbons with at least one 1 he 0 care l 31:; fluorine atom per molecule in a concentration of from l X 10- to l X 10 gram atoms of fluorine, and from 1 X 10' to I X 10 gram atoms of at least one more [56]
  • References cued halogen such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine per cc of UNITED STATES PATENTS bulb volume; preferably, difluorodibromomethane (CF Br is admixed to the fill gas.
  • a cyclic tungsten-fluorine process takes place 3 3 1111970 z g i f g 31/312 X close to the filament, the tungsten not included in this cycle is transported back to the filament by the second halogen.
  • Incandescent electric lamps having tungsten filaments and whose bulb filling of inert gases contains halogen additives are known in the art. With the aid of a halogen additive, a cyclic process takes place inside the lamp during operation thereof, during which the tungsten particles evaporating off the filament and normally depositing on the wall of the bulb are converted at the operating temperature of the lamp envelope to gaseous tungsten halides and are transported back onto the filament. The tungsten halides are decomposed close to the hot filament to free halogens and tungsten, which is deposited onto the filament. Incandescent lamps having halogen additives in the fill gas do not blacken throughout their operating lives, and their light output efficiency remains approximately constant during operational life.
  • halogens iodine, bromine, chlorine or fluorine may be used for the described cycle; gaseous mixtures of the halogens have been suggested. (See German Pat. publication No. 1.241.531). If fluorine is added to the inert fill gas of the lamp, the inner wall of the bulb and the other components located inside the lamp, such as, for instance, the filament supports, have to be provided with a coating which is gaseous-fluorine-resistant. Also when using the other halogens, possible attack by the free halogens on the filament ends, the metallic supports and the lead-in wires must be prevented or, at least, delayed. When using bromine, the simultaneous presence of hydrogen within the lamp has proved suitable.
  • the invention thus relates to a halogen incandescent lamp which has a tungsten filament and an additive to the inert fill gas of compounds containing halogens, which during operation of the lamp supply fluorine and at least one more halogen to the halogen cycle to prevent blackening of the lamp bulb.
  • Perhalogenated low molecular weight hydrocarbons which contain at least one fluorine atom per molecule, are admixed to the inert fill gas.
  • the amount of perhalogenated low molecular weight hydrocarbons admixed to the inert fill gas and containing at least one fluorine atom per molecule is so determined that a concentration of from 1 X 10- to 1 X 10 gram atoms of fluorine per cc of bulb volume and a concentration of from 1 X 10- to 1 X 10' gram atoms of at least one more halogen per cc of bulb volume is obtained.
  • a concentration of from 7 X 10- to 4 X 10- gram atoms per cc of bulb volume and a concentration of from 7 X 10' to 4 X 10- gram atoms of at least one more halogen per cc of bulb volume is especially favorable.
  • perhalogenated methanes of the general composition CF X are admixed to the inert fill gas, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine and/or-iodine, m is a whole number at least 1, and n is a whole number at most 3, and the sum of m n equals 4.
  • perhalogenated ethanes of the general composition C F X are suitable, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine and/or iodine, p is a whole number at least 1, q is a whole number at most 5, and the sum of p q equals 6.
  • X is chlorine and/or bromine and/or iodine
  • p is a whole number at least 1
  • q is a whole number at most 5
  • bromine containing compounds are preferably used, however, the chlorine containing compounds may also be used and furnish satisfactory results in lamps according to the invention.
  • trifluoromonochloromethane CF Cl trifluoromonobromomethane (CF Br) monofluorotrichloromethane (CFCl monofluorotribromomethane (CFBr tetrafluorodibromoethane (C F Br and trifluorotrichloroethane (C' F Cl and the corresponding perhalogenated low molecular weight hydrocarbons with atleast one fluorine atom per molecule containing iodine and chlorine, or bromine and, furthermore, containing chlorine and bromine, are satisfactory in use.
  • hydrocarbons with one and up to about four hydrocarbon atoms per molecule are designated low molecular weight hydrocarbons.
  • the inert lamp fill gas in the required quantity without any technological difficulties.
  • the tungsten-halogen cycle in incandescent lamps preventing blackening can proceed with either fluorine or another halogen such as, for instance, chlorine or bromine participating therein. It appears that the tungsten-fluorine cycle only takes place close to the filament. The surprising observation that no corrosion of the lamp bulb occurs during operation points in this direction. The tungsten particles which are not included in the fluorine cycle, are converted by the second halogen present in the lamp and are transported back to the filament.
  • fluorine or another halogen such as, for instance, chlorine or bromine participating therein.
  • the accompanying drawing shows a hologen incandescent lamp with an additive to the inert fill gas of perhalogenated hydrocarbons comprising at least one fluorine atom per molecule.
  • Tungsten filament 1 is located inside lamp envelope 2 of glass, which 'may be, but need not be, quartz glass and is supported by supporting wires 3, 4.
  • the supporting wires are connected with molybdenum foils 5, 6, which are hermetically pinch-sealed into the glass, and to which terminals 7, 8 are welded.
  • the lamp is operated at 24 V and with a power input of 250 W.
  • the lamp envelope contains a filling of inert gases, such as nitrogen, rare gases or mixtures thereof, and an admixture of perhalogenated low hydrocarbons with at least one fluorine atom per molecule andin such a quantity that a concentration of from 1 X l0 to 1 X 10' gram atoms of fluorine per cc of bulb volume and a concentration of from 1 X 10' to l X 10' gram atoms of at least one more halogen per cc of bulb volume results.
  • inert gases such as nitrogen, rare gases or mixtures thereof
  • a concentration of from 7 X 10' to 4 X 10- gram atoms of fluorine per cc of bulb volume and from 7 X 1.0 to 4 X 10 gram atoms of at least one more halogen per cc of bulb volume is utilized.
  • the cold fill pressure of the lamp may be, for instance, to 660 torr or even more.
  • the lamp envelope should be dimensioned so that during operation of the lamp a wall temperature of at least 250C is attained.
  • Known high-melting glasses, quartz glass hard glasses or even simple glass compositions can be used for manufacturing the lamp envelope.
  • the drawing shows a single-ended halogen incandescent lamp, although the invention is also applicable to halogen incandescent lamps of other envelope shapes, such as tubular or spherical bulbs. The invention is not limited to the lamp described and may be used-with halogen incandescent lamps of other voltage and wattage ratings.
  • a halogen-containing incandescent electric lamp having a tungsten metal filament, said lamp having'an inert fill gas and containing as an additive in said inert fill gas, at least one perhalogenated hydrocarbon vconv raining 1-4 carbon atoms, said perhalogenated hydrocarbon containing onlyffluorineand bromine as the halogen atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom-and at least one bromine atom per molecule.
  • Lamp according to claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon has the formula CF,,,X, wherein -m is a whole number from 1-3, n is a whole number from 1-3, m n equals 4, and X is bromine.
  • Lamp according to claim 3 wherein said hydrocarbon is CF,Br,.
  • Lamp according to claim 2 wherein said hydrocarbon is at least one selected from the group consisting of CF Br CF Br, and CFBr 6.
  • Lamp according to claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon has the formula C F X wherein p is a whole number from 1-5, q is a whole number from 1-5, p q equals 6, and X is bromine.
  • Lamp according to claim 6 wherein said hydrocarbon is added to the inert fill gas in a quantity supplying a concentration of from 7 X 10 to 4 X 10" gram atoms of fluorine per cc of bulb volume and a concentration of from 7 X 10' to 4 X 10' gram atoms of bromine per cc of bulb volume.
  • Lamp according to claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon is added to the inert fill gas in a quantity supplying a concentration of from I X 10 to l X 10' gram atoms of fluorine per cc of bulb volume and a concentration of from 1 X 10- to l X 10' gram atoms of bromine per cc of bulb volume.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00113980A 1970-03-03 1971-02-09 Halogen incandescent lamp Expired - Lifetime US3732455A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2009916A DE2009916C2 (de) 1970-03-03 1970-03-03 Halogenglühlampe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3732455A true US3732455A (en) 1973-05-08

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ID=5763923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00113980A Expired - Lifetime US3732455A (en) 1970-03-03 1971-02-09 Halogen incandescent lamp

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3732455A (cs)
BE (1) BE763594A (cs)
DE (1) DE2009916C2 (cs)
FR (1) FR2081664B1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1341762A (cs)
NL (1) NL7102433A (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0187507A3 (en) * 1985-01-09 1988-11-17 Thorn Emi Plc Improvements in tungsten halogen incandescent lamps

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1571195A (en) * 1976-01-12 1980-07-09 Ici Ltd Manufacture of electric lamps containing fluorine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB898115A (en) * 1960-01-29 1962-06-06 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to incandescent electric lamps
GB954729A (en) * 1961-07-26 1964-04-08 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas-filled electric incandescent lamps
US3484146A (en) * 1966-10-08 1969-12-16 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling
US3538373A (en) * 1967-01-04 1970-11-03 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp containing a reactive carrier gas which comprises hydrogen and bromine and/or chlorine and hydrogen
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1241531B (de) * 1964-03-12 1967-06-01 Philips Nv Gluehlampe mit einem durch ein Hochfrequenzfeld erhitzbaren Gluehkoerper
NL6408084A (cs) * 1964-07-16 1966-01-17

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB898115A (en) * 1960-01-29 1962-06-06 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to incandescent electric lamps
GB954729A (en) * 1961-07-26 1964-04-08 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas-filled electric incandescent lamps
US3484146A (en) * 1966-10-08 1969-12-16 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps having a transport gas filling
US3538373A (en) * 1967-01-04 1970-11-03 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp containing a reactive carrier gas which comprises hydrogen and bromine and/or chlorine and hydrogen
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0187507A3 (en) * 1985-01-09 1988-11-17 Thorn Emi Plc Improvements in tungsten halogen incandescent lamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2081664A1 (cs) 1971-12-10
DE2009916C2 (de) 1985-05-30
NL7102433A (cs) 1971-09-07
FR2081664B1 (cs) 1973-06-08
BE763594A (fr) 1971-08-02
GB1341762A (en) 1973-12-25
DE2009916A1 (de) 1971-09-23

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