US3729418A - Liquid developer for electrostatic latent image - Google Patents

Liquid developer for electrostatic latent image Download PDF

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Publication number
US3729418A
US3729418A US00161892A US3729418DA US3729418A US 3729418 A US3729418 A US 3729418A US 00161892 A US00161892 A US 00161892A US 3729418D A US3729418D A US 3729418DA US 3729418 A US3729418 A US 3729418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrostatic latent
liquid
colored
carrier liquid
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00161892A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Machida
A Tsurugi
Z Okuno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
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Publication of US3729418A publication Critical patent/US3729418A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
    • G03G9/131—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents

Definitions

  • a liquid developer for development of electrostatic latent images is prepared by dispersing a colored solution into a carrier liquid having specific insulation resistance of more than 10 SZ-cm. and a dielectric constant of less than 3, said colored solution comprising a polar solvent, insoluble in said carrier liquid, with said colored substance being dissolved in said solvent.
  • hydrocarbons are mostly used but, in some cases halogenated hydrocarbons are used.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons are used.
  • hydrocarbons are inflammable, while halogenated hydrocarbons are poisonous and besides are disadvantageous because of uneconomical cost.
  • the stability of the developer is not good and, more particularly, the stability of the dispersion is also poor.
  • the present invention provides a new liquid developer consisting of a carrier liquid emulsified by dispersing therein a polar solvent containing dissolved therein colored particles (which solvent and particles are hereinafter referred to collectively as the colored solution).
  • a liquid developer for electrostatic latent images consists of a dispersion obtained by dispersing a colored solution into said carrier liquid at a volumetric ratio of less than 1 for emulsification, said carrier liquid having a high specific insulation resistance and a low dielectric constant and said colored solution consisting of a liquid, not mutually soluble with said carrier liquid, containing dissolved therein colored solid particles.
  • Said dispersion is capable of maintaining the electrostatic latent formed on a support as long as 30 seconds.
  • the time for development and the density of image are mutually in an exponential functional relation, and effective development can be completed Within the first 10 seconds.
  • This feature of the effectively preservable life of the electrostatic latent image renders the novel dispersion well suited for use as a liquid developer.
  • the carrier liquid of the present invention must have a specific insulation resistance of more than 10 Q-cm. and a dielectric constant of less than 3.
  • Most of the carrier liquids utilized in conventional liquid developers satisfy these requirements. Practical examples are aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzene, petroleum hydrocarbons such as ligroin, naphtha, isoparaffin and paraffin, halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated hydrocarbons and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
  • the solvent for the colored solid particles is not mutually soluble with the carrier liquid, but the carrier liquid has a low specific insulation resistance and a high dielectric constant.
  • solvent used to make the colored solu tion there can be mentioned Water, Cellosolve such as methyl Cellosolve and ethyl Cellosolve, lower aliphatic alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, aliphatic ketones such as acetone and methy ethyl ketone, and low aliphatic amines such as propyl amine, diethyl amine and triethyl amine, for example.
  • Cellosolve such as methyl Cellosolve and ethyl Cellosolve
  • lower aliphatic alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol
  • aliphatic ketones such as acetone and methy ethyl ketone
  • low aliphatic amines such as propyl amine, diethyl amine and triethyl amine, for example.
  • diazo compounds including Carbolan Green (C.I. No. Acid green 27), Carbolan Blue B (C.I. No. 62075), Carbon Crimson BS (C.I. No. Acid Red 138), (the products listed thus far are products of British ICI Co.) aniline black (OJ. No. 50440), spirit black (C.I. No. 50415), (products of the Orient Pigment Co., Ltd.) and alkali blue (OJ. No. 42750).
  • Carbolan Green C.I. No. Acid green 27
  • Carbolan Blue B C.I. No. 62075
  • Carbon Crimson BS C.I. No. Acid Red 138
  • aniline black OJ. No. 50440
  • spirit black C.I. No. 5041
  • alkali blue OJ. No. 42750
  • the liquid developer for the electrostatic latent image must be capable of perserving the electrostatic latent image on the support Without any destruction during a required period of time (about 10 seconds), while the particles dispersed in the carrier liquid must maintain a distinct polarity.
  • the liquid developer of the present invention is capable of maintaining said life long enough for development as mentioned above.
  • a surface active agent in order to effect emulsification during the course of adding the drops of the colored solution.
  • the surface active agent there can be used quaternary ammonium salt obtained by treating a copolymer having a carboxyl group and a long chain alkyl group, together with triethanol amine, trimethanol amine, trimethyl amine and trietyl amine, besides using mixtures of oleic acid and triethanol amine, naphthenic acid and triethanol amine, stearic acid and tributyl amine, and, stearic acid and tripropyl amine.
  • the copolymers can include the following: lauryl methacrylate-acrylic acid (mole ratio, 70:30), octyl methacrylate-acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate (60:30:10), hexyl methacrylate-acrylic acid (80:20), stearyl acrylate-vinyl benzoic acid-butyl acrylate (65: 15:20), tridecyl vinyl ether acrylic acid (75:25), hexyl vinyl ether-itaconic acid (85: 15), vinyl palmitate-styrenemaleic acid (60:30:10), dodecyl acrylate-vinyl toluenemethacrylic acid (65:25:10), stearyl vinyl ether-vinyl benzoic acid (85:15), vinyl hexylate-methacrylic acid (75:25), octyl vinyl ether-styrene-maleic acid (80:10:10), octy
  • the liquid developer of the present invention is of a liquid to liquid type, in connection with the relationship between the colored substance and the carrier liquid. Accordingly, the volumetric ratio between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium is remarkably small in comparison with that of the prior art.
  • the practical adhesion of the fine droplets of colored solution having suificient polarity toward the electrostatic latent image can result in improved fixity of the image as Well as better infiltration of the solvent of the colored solution into the support.
  • the present invention is an apparent distinction over the Japanese Pat. No. 266,404 wherein water is used merely to be dispersed in the liquid developer for emulsification.
  • Example A To cc. of methanol containing dissolved therein 0.1 gr. of spirit black (colored substance), was added 1 gr. of surface active agent, i.e., a mixture of oleic acid and triethanol amine (1 mole:3 mole), and then the ingredients were well mixed. The mixture thus obtained was dispersed into Isopar-H (petroleum product manufactured by Esso Standard Oil Co.) at the ratio of 10 parts of the mixture:50 parts of Isopar-H.
  • Isopar-H petroleum product manufactured by Esso Standard Oil Co.
  • Example B To 10 cc. of ethyl Cellosolve containing dissolved therein 0.1 gr. of alkali blue manufactured by the Orient Pigment Co., Ltd. (colored substance), there was added 1.5 gr. of surface active agent, Le. a mixture of lauryl methacrylate and acrylic acid (mole ratio, 9:1) and 20 gr. of toluene and then the ingredients were well mixed. The mixture thus obtained was dispersed into Naphtha No. 6 (petroleum product manufactured by Shell Oil Co.)
  • Example C To 10 cc. of distilled water containing dissolved therein 0.1 gr. of Carbolan Crimson BS manufactured by ICI Co. (colored substance), was added 1.5 gr. of surface active agent, i.e., a mixture of tripropyl amine and stearic acid (mole ratio, 3: 1) and the ingredients were Well mixed. The mixture thus obtained was dispersed in Isopar- H at the ratio, 20 parts of the mixturez50 parts of Isopar-H.
  • surface active agent i.e., a mixture of tripropyl amine and stearic acid (mole ratio, 3: 1)
  • Example D To 10 cc. of methyl ethyl ketone containing dissolved therein 0.1 gr. of aniline black, manufactured by the Orient Pigment Co., Ltd. (colored substance), was added a surface active agent, i.e., water with a 10% solution of triethanol amine and naphthenic acid, and then the ingredients were well mixed. The mixture thus obtained was dispersed into Isopar-H at the ratio, 10 parts of the mixture:50 parts of Isopar-H.
  • a surface active agent i.e., water with a 10% solution of triethanol amine and naphthenic acid
  • Example E 1 part by weight of a copolymer of laurylmethacryla'te and acrylate (mole ratio, 70:30), 0.01 part by weight of Carbolan Crimson BS, and 20 parts by Weight of distilled water were mixed in a homomixer for 30 minutes. The mixture thus obtained was dispersed into 'Isopar-H at the ratio, 10 parts of mixturez30 parts of Isopar-H, so as to obtain a stabilized W/O emulsion.
  • Example F 1 part by weight of a copolymer of stearyl methacrylate, acrylate and vinyl benzoic acid (mole ratio, 65:15:20), 1 part by weight of aniline black manufactured by the Orient Pigment Co., 0.02 part by Weight of triethanol amine, 10 parts by weight of methanol and 10 parts by weight of distilled water were mixed all together in a homomixer for 10 hours.
  • the mixture thus obtained was dispersed into Isopar-H at the ratio 20 parts of the mixturez60 parts of Isopar-H, so as to obtain a stabilized W/O emulsion.
  • Electrostatic latent images formed on photoconductive copying paper, manufactured by the Ricoh Co., Ltd., by means of an electrophotographic copying press (single corona discharge tube type) using an impressed voltage of 6 kv. were developed by each of the 6 kinds of liquid developers above-mentioned, respectively, and clearly visual images are obtained in each case.
  • a liquid developer for electrostatic latent images consisting essentially of a stabilized emulsion of (a) a carrier liquid selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, ligroin, naphtha, paraffinic and isoparafiinic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons having a specific insulation resistance of more than 10 n-cm. and a dielectric constant of less than 3, as a dispersion medium;
  • a surface active agent contained in said colored solution in an amount sufficient to effect emulsification of said colored solution in said carrier liquid said surface active agent being selected from the group consisting of a mixture of oleic acid and triethanolamine, a mixture of naphthenic acid and triethano-lamine, a mixture of stearic acid and tributylamine, a mixture of stearic acid and tripropylamine, and the quaternary ammonium salts obtained by mixing one of the amines selected from the group consisting of triethanol amine, trimethanol amine, trimethyl amine and triethylamine With one of the copolymers selected from the group consisting of lauryl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymers, octyl methacrylate-acrylic acid-ethyl methacrylate copolymers, hexyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymers, stearyl acrylate-vinyl benzoic acid-butyl

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
US00161892A 1968-06-14 1971-07-12 Liquid developer for electrostatic latent image Expired - Lifetime US3729418A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4058468 1968-06-14

Publications (1)

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US3729418A true US3729418A (en) 1973-04-24

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US (1) US3729418A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE734561A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1930195A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933667A (en) * 1972-03-11 1976-01-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Double dispersion acrylate or methacrylate wet developer
US3954640A (en) * 1973-06-27 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic printing inks
US3968044A (en) * 1974-02-01 1976-07-06 Rank Xerox Ltd. Milled liquid developer
US3977983A (en) * 1974-05-17 1976-08-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for use in development of an electrostatic latent image comprising a copolymer containing an amino group converted into a quaternary ammonium salt or hydroxide
US3985663A (en) * 1974-03-14 1976-10-12 Xerox Corporation Conductive inks containing quaternary ammonium compounds
US4024292A (en) * 1973-06-27 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Process for developing latent electrostatic images with ink
US4040970A (en) * 1974-05-17 1977-08-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for developing an electrostatic latent image
US4059444A (en) * 1974-03-14 1977-11-22 Xerox Corporation Liquid development using conductive inks
US4085058A (en) * 1973-04-04 1978-04-18 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic liquid developer containing a graft copolymer of a cyclized rubber
US4120805A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-10-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotograhic liquid developer containing negatively charged toner
US4193794A (en) * 1973-04-02 1980-03-18 The Commonwealth Of Australia Liquid developers for electrostatic images
US4221856A (en) * 1978-04-03 1980-09-09 Xerox Corporation Electrographic toner containing resin-compatible quaternary ammonium compound
US4224396A (en) * 1978-03-02 1980-09-23 Xerox Corporation Magnetic toner materials containing quaternary ammonium polymers as charge control agents
US4323634A (en) * 1975-07-09 1982-04-06 Eastman Kodak Company Electrographic toner and developer composition containing quaternary ammonium salt charge control agent
WO2003019298A1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2003-03-06 Michael Huber München Gmbh Verwendung eines leitfähigen flüssigentwicklers zum elektrographischen drucken oder kopieren
JP2012098349A (ja) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-24 Kao Corp 液体現像剤の製造方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2262603C2 (de) * 1972-12-21 1982-04-01 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Elektrophotographischer Suspensionsentwickler

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933667A (en) * 1972-03-11 1976-01-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Double dispersion acrylate or methacrylate wet developer
US4193794A (en) * 1973-04-02 1980-03-18 The Commonwealth Of Australia Liquid developers for electrostatic images
US4085058A (en) * 1973-04-04 1978-04-18 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic liquid developer containing a graft copolymer of a cyclized rubber
US3954640A (en) * 1973-06-27 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic printing inks
US4024292A (en) * 1973-06-27 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Process for developing latent electrostatic images with ink
US3968044A (en) * 1974-02-01 1976-07-06 Rank Xerox Ltd. Milled liquid developer
US3985663A (en) * 1974-03-14 1976-10-12 Xerox Corporation Conductive inks containing quaternary ammonium compounds
US4059444A (en) * 1974-03-14 1977-11-22 Xerox Corporation Liquid development using conductive inks
US4040970A (en) * 1974-05-17 1977-08-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for developing an electrostatic latent image
US3977983A (en) * 1974-05-17 1976-08-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for use in development of an electrostatic latent image comprising a copolymer containing an amino group converted into a quaternary ammonium salt or hydroxide
US4323634A (en) * 1975-07-09 1982-04-06 Eastman Kodak Company Electrographic toner and developer composition containing quaternary ammonium salt charge control agent
US4120805A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-10-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotograhic liquid developer containing negatively charged toner
US4224396A (en) * 1978-03-02 1980-09-23 Xerox Corporation Magnetic toner materials containing quaternary ammonium polymers as charge control agents
US4221856A (en) * 1978-04-03 1980-09-09 Xerox Corporation Electrographic toner containing resin-compatible quaternary ammonium compound
WO2003019298A1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2003-03-06 Michael Huber München Gmbh Verwendung eines leitfähigen flüssigentwicklers zum elektrographischen drucken oder kopieren
JP2012098349A (ja) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-24 Kao Corp 液体現像剤の製造方法

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BE734561A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-17
DE1930195A1 (de) 1970-05-21

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