US3724820A - Method for bringing a number of substances together by remote control and a device for carrying out said method - Google Patents
Method for bringing a number of substances together by remote control and a device for carrying out said method Download PDFInfo
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- US3724820A US3724820A US00131866A US3724820DA US3724820A US 3724820 A US3724820 A US 3724820A US 00131866 A US00131866 A US 00131866A US 3724820D A US3724820D A US 3724820DA US 3724820 A US3724820 A US 3724820A
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 53
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000645 Hg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009937 brining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
- B01L3/5082—Test tubes per se
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/05—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/05—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material
- B01F33/053—Mixers using radiation, e.g. magnetic fields or microwaves to mix the material the energy being magnetic or electromagnetic energy, radiation working on the ingredients or compositions for or during mixing them
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/713—Feed mechanisms comprising breaking packages or parts thereof, e.g. piercing or opening sealing elements between compartments or cartridges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/713—Feed mechanisms comprising breaking packages or parts thereof, e.g. piercing or opening sealing elements between compartments or cartridges
- B01F35/7139—Removing separation walls, plugs which close off the different compartments, e.g. by rotation or axially sliding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/48—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
- G01N25/4846—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation for a motionless, e.g. solid sample
- G01N25/4853—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
Definitions
- ABSTRACT The substances to be brought together are placed in a vertical cell, at least that substance which is placed at the bottom of the cell being in the liquid state at the moment of contacting.
- a hydraulic seal consisting of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquidstate density of the substance which is located immediately beneath said liquid is pierced by means of a perforator and caused to tilt downwards. The entire seal thus reaches the bottom of the cell and the reactants are thus brought together.
- the perforator is formed from magnetic material and set in motion as a result of the force produced by a magnetic induction gradient which is created by external means.
- This invention relates to a method for brining together by remote control at least two substances which are capable of reacting with each other and to a device for carrying out said method.
- This invention is directed to a method for bringing a number of substances together by remote control and permitting the achievement of the aims mentioned above, said substances being placed in a vertical cell and at least that substance which is placed at the bottom of said cell being in the liquid state at the moment of contacting.
- This method is essentially characterized in that a hydraulic seal constituted by a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of the substance which is located immediately beneath said liquid is perforated in order to cause tilting of said seal which reaches'the bottom of the cell in its entirety and in order that the reactants may thus be brought together, said perforation being carried out by making use of suitable means.
- the perforation is ensured by means of an element formed of magnetic material having the requisite shape to permit adaptation to particular cases either in regard to the shape of the cell or the nature of the reactants.
- the perforator can have an elongated and tapered shape or can be in the form of a cylinder, a piston and the like.
- a further property of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that, at the moment of introduction of the hydraulic seal, the substance which is placed beneath said seal is in solid form, said substance being then liquefied prior to tilting of said seal.
- the invention is also concerned with a device for carrying out said method and characterized in that said device comprises a vertical cell having a vertical axis of revolution and containing at least one liquid hydraulic seal which separates at least two substances to be contacted, a perforator of magnetic material and external means for setting said perforator in motion.
- the perforator is set in motion by surrounding the cell with an induction coil which creates a magnetic induction gradient and this gives rise to an electromagnetic force which causes either upward or downward displacement of the perforator within the cell.
- the internal wall of the cell is burnished or provided with a coating which can consist of a deposited film layer having'a silicone or teflon base.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a device according to the invention in the general case in which the cell contains two reactants 1 and 2 separated by a hydraulic seal 3 and in which the perforator 4 is set in motion by electromagnetic means
- FIG. 2 illustrates a device according to the invention in the particular case in which the cell contains the two reactants 10 (water) and 1 l (lithium chloride or potassium chloride) which are separated by a hydraulic seal 12 (liquid mercury) and in which the perforator is set in motionby electromagnetic means
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a device according to the invention in two initial and final stages of operation and in the case in which the motion of the perforator takes place in the upward direction.
- the scope of the invention is not limited to calorimetric measurements or to the examples described which are only particular applications of the method.
- the device is not limited to the contacting of two substances but is wholly suited for mixing a number of substances it is only necessary to increase the number of liquid hydraulic seals and the device may thus readily serve to measure the heats of a ternary mixture.
- the cell containing the reactants 1 and 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1 and has a cylindrical shape while the diameter of said cell is in the vicinity of a few millimeters.
- the elements contained in the cell Prior to start-up of the reaction, the elements contained in the cell have the general arrangement which is indicated the reactants l and 2 are separated by a liquid seal 3 which ensures fluid-tightness between said reactants a needle 4 of magnetic material constitutes the perforator and is intended to pierce the hydraulic seal by initiating the downward motion of the needle within the cell at the desired moment said motion results from the force produced by means of the magnetic induction gradient of an inductance coil 5 which surrounds the cell. Said motion can also be carried out by means of a magnet 20 which is located at the level of the lower portion of the cell.
- the hydraulic seal consists of a liquid having a density which is higher than that of the liquid 1 for example, it is possible to make use of mercury, an alloy of mercury, methylene iodide, thallium formiate.
- the second reactant 2 which can be either a liquid or a solid as desired is located above the seal 3 and may be replaced by a catalyst if necessary.
- the substance 1 is placed in the cell either in solid or liquid form however, it is important to ensure that the substance 1 should be in solid form at the moment of introduction of the hydraulic seal this condition can usually be satisfied by bringing the substance 1 to a sufficiently low temperature. Moreover, fluid-tightness between the spaces provided for the products 1 and 2 respectively must be ensured by the liquid seal 3 in order to meet this requirement, the internal surface of the cell is treated and can thus be burnishedor provided with a coating having a silicone or teflon base. Finally, the substance 2 is introduced in either solid or liquid form, depending on the test conditions. I
- the liquid seal is introduced on the product 1 in the solid state; the thickness of the liquid seal must be sufficient to ensure fluid-tightness with respect to the cylindrical wall of the cell.
- the substance 1 is solid and at a temperature below C.
- the product 2 and the needle 4 can either be introduced directly or the temperature of the system consisting of solid substance 1 liquid seal can be permitted to rise the system consisting of liquid substance 1 liquid seal is in stable mechanical equilibrium in the vertical position although the density of the seal is higher than 1 this is due to the fluid-tightness of the seal with respect to the cell wall the substance, 2 and the needle 4 can then be introduced whilst the system remains in a state of equilibrium.
- the reaction can then be started by placing the complete unit in a magnetic induction gradient in order that the needle 4 whose length is greater than the total thickness of the liquid hydraulic seal and the reactant which is located beneath said seal and which is permeable to the lines of force 6 should be attracted towards the bottom of the cell said lines of force are produced by excitation of an induction coil which is located at the lower portion of the cell.
- Displacement of the needle has the effect of piercing the liquid seal, thereby tilting the phase 3 and reversing the phases 1 and 3 under the action of their difference in density this process makes it possible to have a quantitative reaction between the products 1 and 2 in fact, at the moment of tilting, the liquid seal occupies the entire lower end of the cell and displaces the phase 1 in the upward direction, and this permits mixing of the phases 1 and 2 in known proportions.
- One advantage of the invention lies in the use of a needle formed of magnetic material and of a magnetic induction gradient. After having reversed the two phases 1 and 3 and thus mixed the two phases 1 and 2, this mixture can be perfected by agitation carried out by imparting a movement to the needle 4 by means of the magnetic induction gradient.
- the cell in the initial state is shown in FIG. 3 the reagentsl and 2 are separated by the hydraulic seal 3.
- a perforator 18 of cylindrical shape is immersed in the substance 1 which occupies the bottom compartment of the cell.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a device for measuring the heat of dilution of mineral salts in water.
- the reaction capsule is a pyrex tube having an external diameter of 3.7 mm, an internal diameter of 3.1 mm
- a drop of water 10 is introduced into the bottom of the cell and transformed into ice so as to form an ice bead.
- the operation is continued by introducing a liquid seal 12 which consists of mercury in this particular example. During this introduction, care is taken to place the cell in a zone in which the temperature is in the vicinity of 10 C in order to prevent melting of the ice. After introduction of the seal, the system canbe allowed to revert to room temperature at which it will be in a stable mechanical state.
- the thickness of the seal is approximately 2 to 3 mm and ensures perfect fluid-tightness with respect to the pyrex tube.
- the temperature of 10 C is only given by way of indication and simply makes it possibleto prevent melting of the ice during introduction of the seal in liquid form. In this specific instance, it is quite possible to operate at a temperature which is lower than the melting point of mercury 3 8.87" C), thereby resulting in solidification of the mercury as this latter is introduced. If the system is heated, melting of the mercury first takes place. Fluid-tightness is then achieved between the seal and the reaction cell. When the system has reverted to room temperature (water liquid mercury) which is a mechanically stable state, the salt 11 consisting of a predetermined quantity of lithium chloride can be introduced as well as the magnetic needle 13 (diameter 35/ 100 mm, length 4 mm).
- the capsule is then closed at 14 by crimping.
- the introduction of the second reaction product at room' temperature makes it possible to eliminate parasitic condensation of moisture.
- the reaction capsule which must always be in a vertical position and handled with care is then introduced into a metallic cell 15 which is in turn closed by crimping.
- the complete assembly can then be cooled to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, thus makin g it possible to solidify the system and facilitating subsequent handling operations.
- the capsule is then inserted into a power-compensated differential calorimeter 16 having a programmed temperature rise.
- An induction coil 17 is placed around the adiabatic calorimeter enclosure mm in diameter) and installed in such a manner as to ensure that the cell containing the reaction system isplaced in a magnetic induction gradient.
- the dilution reaction can then be started at the desired temperature provided that this latter is higher than 0 C by supplying the induction'coil at intervals of a few seconds at a high current intensity (400 amps) the magnetic force which is exerted on the needle formed of magnetic material and contained in the reaction cell is then sufficient to pierce the mercury seal and to cause tilting of the system.
- the method herein described offers the possibility of starting the dilution reaction at any temperature above 0 C, that is to say of measuring the enthalpy of the reaction at different temperatures.
- EXAMPLE 2 A second example is provided by the measurement of heats of mixing of benzene and carbon tetrachloride. This latter is preferably placed at the bottom of the cell and is maintained at a temperature below its melting point which is 23 C during introduction of the mercury which constitutes the liquid seal heating to room temperature provides a mechanically stable system in the vertical position by means of liquid carbon tetrachloride surmounted by mercury which ensures fluid-tightness with respect to the pyrex capsule. The benzene is then introduced in liquid form as well as the needle of magnetic material the experimental procedure is the same as the mode of operation described in the first example.
- the cell can be fabricated from titanium or titanium alloys which have good corrosion resistance.
- the cell can also be formed fromtitanium and overlaid with a sprayed coating of copper. It is also possible to employ a copper cell having an internal surface which is protected by a coating of titanium, platinum or indium.
- the magnetic material which constitutes the perforator can be an alloy of iron and nickel or alternatively an alloy ofv cobalt and platinum containing 77 percent platinum.
- the method according to the invention is primarily applicable to calorimetric measurements such as the measurements performed inthe differential calorimeter which is described in the French patent filed by the present applicant on May 4, 1964 and entitled Method of Thermal Analysis and Device for the Appli cation of Said Method and granted under US. Pat. No. 1.363.283.
- a method for bringing at least two substances together by remote control comprising the steps of placing a first substance in a vertical cell, said first substance at the bottom of said cell being in the liquid state, locating a hydraulic seal of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of said first substance above said first substance in the cell,
- a device for bringing substances together by remote control comprising a vertical cell having a vertical axis of revolution, at least one liquid hydraulic seal in said cell separating at least twosubstances to be contacted, a perforator of magnetic material in said cell and means external of said cell for setting said perforator in motion in said cell.
- a device including electromagnetic means for setting said perforator in motion including an induction coil surrounding said cell.
- said means for setting said perforator in motion including a magnet adjacent the lower portion of said cell.
- said hydraulic seal having a thickness of from 2 to 3 mm. to ensure fluidtightness between the substances to be contacted.
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Abstract
The substances to be brought together are placed in a vertical cell, at least that substance which is placed at the bottom of the cell being in the liquid state at the moment of contacting. A hydraulic seal consisting of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of the substance which is located immediately beneath said liquid is pierced by means of a perforator and caused to tilt downwards. The entire seal thus reaches the bottom of the cell and the reactants are thus brought together. The perforator is formed from magnetic material and set in motion as a result of the force produced by a magnetic induction gradient which is created by external means.
Description
UnIted States Patent 1191 1111 3,724,820
Bonjour et al. [451 Apr. 3, 1973 [54] METHOD FOR BRINGING A NUMBER 3,240,328 3/1966 Matteuzzi ..206/47 A igg fggg FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD 1,151,246 10/1959 Germany ..259/DIG. 46
[75] Inventors: Emmanuel Bonjour, Grenoble; Michel Couach, Lyon, both of France I [7 3] Assignee: Commissariat A LEnergie Atomique, Paris, France [22] Filed: Apr. 7, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 131,866
[52] US. Cl. ..259/l14, 23/230 R, 23/252 R, 23/253 R, 23/259, 73/190, 259/DIG. 46 [51] Int. Cl. ..B0lf 13/08, B0lf 3/20, GOln 33/00 [58] Field of Search ..259/DIG. 46, 19, 114; 206/47 A [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,982,396 Y 5/1961 Shihadeh ..206/47 A Primary Examiner-William l. Price Assistant Examiner-Alan I. Cantor Att0rney-Cameron, Kerkam & Sutton [5 7] ABSTRACT The substances to be brought together are placed in a vertical cell, at least that substance which is placed at the bottom of the cell being in the liquid state at the moment of contacting. A hydraulic seal consisting of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquidstate density of the substance which is located immediately beneath said liquid is pierced by means of a perforator and caused to tilt downwards. The entire seal thus reaches the bottom of the cell and the reactants are thus brought together. The perforator is formed from magnetic material and set in motion as a result of the force produced by a magnetic induction gradient which is created by external means.
8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures mlimmm 1975 saw 2 [1F 2 FIG. 3
METHOD FOR BRINGING A NUMBER OF SUBSTANCES TOGETHER BY REMOTE CONTROL AND A DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METI-IOD This invention relates to a method for brining together by remote control at least two substances which are capable of reacting with each other and to a device for carrying out said method.
The operation involved in bringing a number of substances together is a general problem which is encountered especially in laboratories. This operation is important for initiating phenomena which result from the combination of said substances. Although the operation is frequently carried out without any special precautions, there are cases in which it is essential to be able to select the initial instant of contact, in particular when it is of interest to study the kinetics of physical or chemical phenomena which result from said contact this is the case, for example, in calorimetry which is employed for measuring heats of reaction and one of the main objects of the invention is accordingly to permit the possibility of choosing this initial instant. A further object lies in the fact that said contact is made by minimizing the disturbance which can be caused by the external medium.
This invention is directed to a method for bringing a number of substances together by remote control and permitting the achievement of the aims mentioned above, said substances being placed in a vertical cell and at least that substance which is placed at the bottom of said cell being in the liquid state at the moment of contacting.
This method is essentially characterized in that a hydraulic seal constituted by a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of the substance which is located immediately beneath said liquid is perforated in order to cause tilting of said seal which reaches'the bottom of the cell in its entirety and in order that the reactants may thus be brought together, said perforation being carried out by making use of suitable means.
The perforation is ensured by means of an element formed of magnetic material having the requisite shape to permit adaptation to particular cases either in regard to the shape of the cell or the nature of the reactants. For example, the perforator can have an elongated and tapered shape or can be in the form of a cylinder, a piston and the like.
A further property of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that, at the moment of introduction of the hydraulic seal, the substance which is placed beneath said seal is in solid form, said substance being then liquefied prior to tilting of said seal.
The invention is also concerned with a device for carrying out said method and characterized in that said device comprises a vertical cell having a vertical axis of revolution and containing at least one liquid hydraulic seal which separates at least two substances to be contacted, a perforator of magnetic material and external means for setting said perforator in motion.
In accordance with the' invention, the perforator is set in motion by surrounding the cell with an induction coil which creates a magnetic induction gradient and this gives rise to an electromagnetic force which causes either upward or downward displacement of the perforator within the cell.
In a preferred embodiment of the device, the internal wall of the cell is burnished or provided with a coating which can consist of a deposited film layer having'a silicone or teflon base.
Further properties and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 illustrates a device according to the invention in the general case in which the cell contains two reactants 1 and 2 separated by a hydraulic seal 3 and in which the perforator 4 is set in motion by electromagnetic means FIG. 2 illustrates a device according to the invention in the particular case in which the cell contains the two reactants 10 (water) and 1 l (lithium chloride or potassium chloride) which are separated by a hydraulic seal 12 (liquid mercury) and in which the perforator is set in motionby electromagnetic means FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a device according to the invention in two initial and final stages of operation and in the case in which the motion of the perforator takes place in the upward direction.
It is wholly apparent that the scope of the invention is not limited to calorimetric measurements or to the examples described which are only particular applications of the method. In particular, the device is not limited to the contacting of two substances but is wholly suited for mixing a number of substances it is only necessary to increase the number of liquid hydraulic seals and the device may thus readily serve to measure the heats of a ternary mixture.
The cell containing the reactants 1 and 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1 and has a cylindrical shape while the diameter of said cell is in the vicinity of a few millimeters. Prior to start-up of the reaction, the elements contained in the cell have the general arrangement which is indicated the reactants l and 2 are separated by a liquid seal 3 which ensures fluid-tightness between said reactants a needle 4 of magnetic material constitutes the perforator and is intended to pierce the hydraulic seal by initiating the downward motion of the needle within the cell at the desired moment said motion results from the force produced by means of the magnetic induction gradient of an inductance coil 5 which surrounds the cell. Said motion can also be carried out by means of a magnet 20 which is located at the level of the lower portion of the cell. It is important to note that at least one of the substances to be contacted should be in the liquid state at the moment of contacting said substance will preferentially be placed at the bottom of the cell. The hydraulic seal consists of a liquid having a density which is higher than that of the liquid 1 for example, it is possible to make use of mercury, an alloy of mercury, methylene iodide, thallium formiate. The second reactant 2 which can be either a liquid or a solid as desired is located above the seal 3 and may be replaced by a catalyst if necessary. The substance 1 is placed in the cell either in solid or liquid form however, it is important to ensure that the substance 1 should be in solid form at the moment of introduction of the hydraulic seal this condition can usually be satisfied by bringing the substance 1 to a sufficiently low temperature. Moreover, fluid-tightness between the spaces provided for the products 1 and 2 respectively must be ensured by the liquid seal 3 in order to meet this requirement, the internal surface of the cell is treated and can thus be burnishedor provided with a coating having a silicone or teflon base. Finally, the substance 2 is introduced in either solid or liquid form, depending on the test conditions. I
Assuming that it is desired to carry out a reaction between the products 1 and 2 as has been stated earlier, the liquid seal is introduced on the product 1 in the solid state; the thickness of the liquid seal must be sufficient to ensure fluid-tightness with respect to the cylindrical wall of the cell.
It will accordingly be assumed also that the substance 1 is solid and at a temperature below C. After introduction of the liquid seal, the product 2 and the needle 4 can either be introduced directly or the temperature of the system consisting of solid substance 1 liquid seal can be permitted to rise the system consisting of liquid substance 1 liquid seal is in stable mechanical equilibrium in the vertical position although the density of the seal is higher than 1 this is due to the fluid-tightness of the seal with respect to the cell wall the substance, 2 and the needle 4 can then be introduced whilst the system remains in a state of equilibrium. When "the system is at the desired temperature, the reaction can then be started by placing the complete unit in a magnetic induction gradient in order that the needle 4 whose length is greater than the total thickness of the liquid hydraulic seal and the reactant which is located beneath said seal and which is permeable to the lines of force 6 should be attracted towards the bottom of the cell said lines of force are produced by excitation of an induction coil which is located at the lower portion of the cell. Displacement of the needle has the effect of piercing the liquid seal, thereby tilting the phase 3 and reversing the phases 1 and 3 under the action of their difference in density this process makes it possible to have a quantitative reaction between the products 1 and 2 in fact, at the moment of tilting, the liquid seal occupies the entire lower end of the cell and displaces the phase 1 in the upward direction, and this permits mixing of the phases 1 and 2 in known proportions.
One advantage of the invention lies in the use of a needle formed of magnetic material and of a magnetic induction gradient. After having reversed the two phases 1 and 3 and thus mixed the two phases 1 and 2, this mixture can be perfected by agitation carried out by imparting a movement to the needle 4 by means of the magnetic induction gradient.
The cell in the initial state is shown in FIG. 3 the reagentsl and 2 are separated by the hydraulic seal 3. A perforator 18 of cylindrical shape is immersed in the substance 1 which occupies the bottom compartment of the cell.
When the upwardly directed magnetic field 19 is applied, the perforator l8 pierces the hydraulic seal 3 and tipsthis latter into the bottom of the cell. The two substances 1 and 2 are then mixed and the hydraulic seal 3 is at the bottom of the cell. This final state is illustrated in FIG. 4.
Without any limitation being implied, there will now be given two examples of application of the method according to the invention to the measurement of enthalpies of a particular reaction at different temperatures. In order thatthe process and device of the invention may be clearly understood, reference will be made to the accompanying FIG. 2 which illustrates a device for measuring the heat of dilution of mineral salts in water.
' EXAMPLE 1 The reaction capsule is a pyrex tube having an external diameter of 3.7 mm, an internal diameter of 3.1 mm
and a length of 8 mm. A drop of water 10 is introduced into the bottom of the cell and transformed into ice so as to form an ice bead. The operation is continued by introducing a liquid seal 12 which consists of mercury in this particular example. During this introduction, care is taken to place the cell in a zone in which the temperature is in the vicinity of 10 C in order to prevent melting of the ice. After introduction of the seal, the system canbe allowed to revert to room temperature at which it will be in a stable mechanical state. The thickness of the seal is approximately 2 to 3 mm and ensures perfect fluid-tightness with respect to the pyrex tube.
In the example under consideration, the temperature of 10 C is only given by way of indication and simply makes it possibleto prevent melting of the ice during introduction of the seal in liquid form. In this specific instance, it is quite possible to operate at a temperature which is lower than the melting point of mercury 3 8.87" C), thereby resulting in solidification of the mercury as this latter is introduced. If the system is heated, melting of the mercury first takes place. Fluid-tightness is then achieved between the seal and the reaction cell. When the system has reverted to room temperature (water liquid mercury) which is a mechanically stable state, the salt 11 consisting of a predetermined quantity of lithium chloride can be introduced as well as the magnetic needle 13 (diameter 35/ 100 mm, length 4 mm). .The capsule is then closed at 14 by crimping. In the case herein described, the introduction of the second reaction product at room' temperature makes it possible to eliminate parasitic condensation of moisture. The reaction capsule which must always be in a vertical position and handled with care is then introduced into a metallic cell 15 which is in turn closed by crimping. The complete assembly can then be cooled to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, thus makin g it possible to solidify the system and facilitating subsequent handling operations. The capsule is then inserted into a power-compensated differential calorimeter 16 having a programmed temperature rise. An induction coil 17 is placed around the adiabatic calorimeter enclosure mm in diameter) and installed in such a manner as to ensure that the cell containing the reaction system isplaced in a magnetic induction gradient. The dilution reaction can then be started at the desired temperature provided that this latter is higher than 0 C by supplying the induction'coil at intervals of a few seconds at a high current intensity (400 amps) the magnetic force which is exerted on the needle formed of magnetic material and contained in the reaction cell is then sufficient to pierce the mercury seal and to cause tilting of the system.
The method herein described offers the possibility of starting the dilution reaction at any temperature above 0 C, that is to say of measuring the enthalpy of the reaction at different temperatures.
If the recording of thermal effects as a function of temperature is studied during heating of the reaction system, there can be observed two endothermic peaks which correspond successively to melting of the mercury at 38.8 C and to melting of the ice. An exothermic peak which corresponds to dilution of the lithium chloride is also observed.
EXAMPLE 2 A second example is provided by the measurement of heats of mixing of benzene and carbon tetrachloride. This latter is preferably placed at the bottom of the cell and is maintained at a temperature below its melting point which is 23 C during introduction of the mercury which constitutes the liquid seal heating to room temperature provides a mechanically stable system in the vertical position by means of liquid carbon tetrachloride surmounted by mercury which ensures fluid-tightness with respect to the pyrex capsule. The benzene is then introduced in liquid form as well as the needle of magnetic material the experimental procedure is the same as the mode of operation described in the first example. Starting from low temperatures, the following sequence will be observed melting of the mercury at 38.8 C, melting of the carbon tetrachloride at 23 C and finally melting of the benzene at 5.5 C. Starting from this temperature, it is then possible to initiate the mixing reaction by placing the system in a magnetic induction gradient. The method makes it possible on the one hand to obtain the heats of mixing as a function of the concentration at a predetermined temperature and on the other hand the heats of mixing as a function of temperature at a constant concentration.
In the method according to the invention, the cell can be fabricated from titanium or titanium alloys which have good corrosion resistance. The cell can also be formed fromtitanium and overlaid with a sprayed coating of copper. It is also possible to employ a copper cell having an internal surface which is protected by a coating of titanium, platinum or indium.
The magnetic material which constitutes the perforator can be an alloy of iron and nickel or alternatively an alloy ofv cobalt and platinum containing 77 percent platinum.
The method according to the invention is primarily applicable to calorimetric measurements such as the measurements performed inthe differential calorimeter which is described in the French patent filed by the present applicant on May 4, 1964 and entitled Method of Thermal Analysis and Device for the Appli cation of Said Method and granted under US. Pat. No. 1.363.283.
We claim:
1. A method for bringing at least two substances together by remote control, comprising the steps of placing a first substance in a vertical cell, said first substance at the bottom of said cell being in the liquid state, locating a hydraulic seal of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of said first substance above said first substance in the cell,
placing a second substance in the cell above said hydraulic seal perforating and tilting said seal, moving said seal to the bottom of the cell in its entirety thereby bringing the substances together, said perforation step being carried out by an e ement of magnetic material 3. A method according to claim 1, including the I further step of mixing the substances by agitation caused by movement of said magnetic material.
4. A device for bringing substances together by remote control comprising a vertical cell having a vertical axis of revolution, at least one liquid hydraulic seal in said cell separating at least twosubstances to be contacted, a perforator of magnetic material in said cell and means external of said cell for setting said perforator in motion in said cell.
5. A device according to claim 4, including electromagnetic means for setting said perforator in motion including an induction coil surrounding said cell.
6. A device according to claim 4, said means for setting said perforator in motion including a magnet adjacent the lower portion of said cell.
7. A device according to claim 4, said hydraulic seal having a thickness of from 2 to 3 mm. to ensure fluidtightness between the substances to be contacted.
8. A device according to claim 4, the internal wall of said cell being polished whereby said hydraulic seal provides fluid-tightness between the the substances to be contacted.
Claims (8)
1. A method for bringing at least two substances together by remote control, comprising the steps of placing a first substance in a vertical cell, said first substance at the bottom of said cell being in the liquid state, locating a hydraulic seal of a liquid having a density of higher value than the liquid-state density of said first substance above said first substance in the cell, placing a second substance in the cell above said hydraulic seal perforating and tilting said seal, moving said seal to the bottom of the cell in its entirety thereby bringing the substances together, said perforation step being carried out by an element of magnetic material set in motion by a magnetic induction gradient external of the cell.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein, at the moment of introduction of said hydraulic seal, said first substance beneath said seal is solid, including the step of liquifying said first substance prior to tilting of said seal.
3. A method according to claim 1, including the further step of mixing the substances by agitation caused by movement of said magnetic material.
4. A device for bringing substances together by remote control comprising a vertical cell having a vertical axis of revolution, at least one liquid hydraulic seal in said cell separating at least two substances to be contacted, a perforator of magnetic material in said cell and means external of said cell for setting said perforator in motion in said cell.
5. A device according to claim 4, including electromagnetic means for setting said perforator in motion including an induction coil surrounding said cell.
6. A device according to claim 4, said means for setting said perforator in motion including a magnet adjacent the lower portion of said cell.
7. A device according to claim 4, said hydraulic seal having a thickness of from 2 to 3 mm. to ensure fluid-tightness between the substances to be contacted.
8. A device according to claim 4, the internal wall of said cell being polished whereby said hydraulic seal provides fluid-tightness between the the substances to be contacted.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7013360A FR2086919A5 (en) | 1970-04-14 | 1970-04-14 | |
US13186671A | 1971-04-07 | 1971-04-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3724820A true US3724820A (en) | 1973-04-03 |
Family
ID=26215675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00131866A Expired - Lifetime US3724820A (en) | 1970-04-14 | 1971-04-07 | Method for bringing a number of substances together by remote control and a device for carrying out said method |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3724820A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS464950A (en) |
BE (1) | BE765345A (en) |
CA (1) | CA932717A (en) |
CH (1) | CH542646A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2118118A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2086919A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1331720A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4995730A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1991-02-26 | Abrosimov Vladimir A | Method of electromagnetic working of materials |
US5352036A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-10-04 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Method for mixing and dispensing a liquid pharmaceutical with a miscible component |
US20040022123A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Bio/Data Corporation | Method and apparatus for using vertical magnetic stirring to produce turbulent and chaotic mixing in various states, without compromising components |
EP1490267A2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-12-29 | Garry Tsaur | Flow control/shock absorbing seal |
EP1612529A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-04 | Vivactis NV | Measurement of heat generated by a chemical or biologial process |
US20070189113A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-08-16 | Lee Woo R | Apparatus for mixing watertreatment agent |
US20110089065A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-04-21 | Arzneimittel Gmbh Apotheker Vetter & Co. Ravensburg | Container for medical products and method for production of said container |
WO2014086912A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-12 | Gna Biosolutions Gmbh | Reaction vessel having a magnetic closure |
EP3052914A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-10 | SymCel Sverige AB | Sample vial for calorimetric measurements |
CN112058170A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江麦克斯科技有限公司 | Dyestuff dosing unit |
Citations (3)
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US2982396A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1961-05-02 | Musa M Shihadeh | Packaging unit and process for making same |
DE1151246B (en) * | 1959-10-17 | 1963-07-11 | Dr Hans Fuhrmann | Stirring device |
US3240328A (en) * | 1962-11-26 | 1966-03-15 | Ghimas S A R L | Method for keeping mutually incompatible substances within the same container |
-
1970
- 1970-04-14 FR FR7013360A patent/FR2086919A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-04-06 BE BE765345A patent/BE765345A/en unknown
- 1971-04-07 US US00131866A patent/US3724820A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-13 CA CA110227A patent/CA932717A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-04-14 DE DE19712118118 patent/DE2118118A1/en active Pending
- 1971-04-14 CH CH533471A patent/CH542646A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2666471*A patent/GB1331720A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-22 JP JP2378371A patent/JPS464950A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1151246B (en) * | 1959-10-17 | 1963-07-11 | Dr Hans Fuhrmann | Stirring device |
US2982396A (en) * | 1960-01-29 | 1961-05-02 | Musa M Shihadeh | Packaging unit and process for making same |
US3240328A (en) * | 1962-11-26 | 1966-03-15 | Ghimas S A R L | Method for keeping mutually incompatible substances within the same container |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4995730A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1991-02-26 | Abrosimov Vladimir A | Method of electromagnetic working of materials |
US5352036A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-10-04 | Habley Medical Technology Corporation | Method for mixing and dispensing a liquid pharmaceutical with a miscible component |
EP1490267A2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-12-29 | Garry Tsaur | Flow control/shock absorbing seal |
EP1490267A4 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2009-03-18 | Garry Tsaur | Flow control/shock absorbing seal |
US7364350B2 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2008-04-29 | Bio/Data Corporation | Method and apparatus for using vertical magnetic stirring to produce turbulent and chaotic mixing in various states, without compromising components |
US20040022123A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Bio/Data Corporation | Method and apparatus for using vertical magnetic stirring to produce turbulent and chaotic mixing in various states, without compromising components |
US6988825B2 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2006-01-24 | Bio/Data Corporation | Method and apparatus for using vertical magnetic stirring to produce turbulent and chaotic mixing in various states, without compromising components |
US20060126429A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2006-06-15 | Bio/Data Corporation | Method and apparatus for using vertical magnetic stirring to produce turbulent and chaotic mixing in various states, without compromising components |
US20070189113A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-08-16 | Lee Woo R | Apparatus for mixing watertreatment agent |
EP1612529A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-04 | Vivactis NV | Measurement of heat generated by a chemical or biologial process |
US20060002447A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Katarina Verhaegen | Method and device for measurement of an event with reagents under partial equilibrium using thermal sensors |
US20110089065A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-04-21 | Arzneimittel Gmbh Apotheker Vetter & Co. Ravensburg | Container for medical products and method for production of said container |
US8813955B2 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2014-08-26 | Arzneimittel Gmbh Apotheker Vetter & Co. Ravensburg | Container for medical products and method for production of said container |
WO2014086912A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-12 | Gna Biosolutions Gmbh | Reaction vessel having a magnetic closure |
EP3052914A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-10 | SymCel Sverige AB | Sample vial for calorimetric measurements |
EP3052914A4 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-05-03 | SymCel Sverige AB | Sample vial for calorimetric measurements |
CN112058170A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江麦克斯科技有限公司 | Dyestuff dosing unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2086919A5 (en) | 1971-12-31 |
JPS464950A (en) | 1971-11-22 |
BE765345A (en) | 1971-08-30 |
GB1331720A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
CA932717A (en) | 1973-08-28 |
CH542646A (en) | 1973-11-30 |
DE2118118A1 (en) | 1971-10-28 |
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