US3723977A - Gas discharge panel with photoconductive material - Google Patents

Gas discharge panel with photoconductive material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3723977A
US3723977A US00882933A US3723977DA US3723977A US 3723977 A US3723977 A US 3723977A US 00882933 A US00882933 A US 00882933A US 3723977D A US3723977D A US 3723977DA US 3723977 A US3723977 A US 3723977A
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Prior art keywords
gas chamber
cross
conductor
point
discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00882933A
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English (en)
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R Schaufele
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Techneglas LLC
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Owens Illinois Inc
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Assigned to OWENS-ILLINOIS TELEVISION PRODUCTS INC. reassignment OWENS-ILLINOIS TELEVISION PRODUCTS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC., A CORP. OF OHIO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0064—Tubes with cold main electrodes (including cold cathodes)
    • H01J2893/0065—Electrode systems

Definitions

  • Gas discharge panels with electric memories are useful in providing visual displays of various data, such as numerals, letters, etc.
  • These panels typically include a sealed gas chamber between a pair of dielectric members. Each dielectric member is backed by a conductor array and then a glass viewing plate.
  • the conductor arrays have a transverse relative orientation and when an appropriate alternating operating potential is connected across selected conductors of each array, a glow discharge results in the chamber at the cross-points of these selected conductors.
  • These glow discharges can thereafter be sustained with a reduced operating potential, which accounts for the panels memory ability.
  • this operating potential is derived both from a suitable write-in circuit and an AC source of sustaining potential.
  • gas discharge panel in which the panel can be erased with an external light.
  • Another object is a system that converts visual data to digital form, that can store this digitized information until erased, and that provides a non-destructive readout of this digitized information.
  • Also'an objective is a system utilizing a gas discharge panel which permits visual data to be projected onto a viewing face of the panel where the projected information is converted to digital form and then can be stored.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a gas discharge panel with the halves separated to show the conductor arrays
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view partially in section of a visual data conversion and storage system similar to the FIG. 1 system and includes a gas discharge panel with a photoconductive material;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph depicting the current flow in the panels gas discharge chamber during one half cycle of operation
  • FIG. 5 depicts an equivalent circuit for the FIGS. 1 and 3 gas discharge panels.
  • the numeral ll denotes a gas discharge panel, which is positioned opposite an image projector 12.
  • Visual information derived from the projector 12 is, in a way to be explained, converted by the gas discharge panel 10 to digital form and stored. Thereafter, this information can be readout by a readout device 14, shown against the side of the panel 10 and then erased.
  • the support plate 16 has a projection face 20 in front of the projector 12 on which is projected an image 22 shown as the letter Z in FIG. 1. Opposite the projection face 20, the support plate 16 has a conductor array 24 arranged as demonstrated in FIG. 2.
  • the other support plate 18 has a viewing face at 26 and an opposite face with a conductor array 28.
  • These conductor arrays 24 and 28 are connected to a source of AC power 29 and may have any suitable relative orientation; e.g., they may be at right angles relative to each other as they are shown in FIG. 2. Also, these conductor arrays 24 and 28 may, for certain applications, be in the form of a single conductor; e.g., a single conductive coating covering all of one or both of the support plate faces.
  • the conductor arrays 24 and 28' may be formed on the support plates 16 and 18 by any well known process, such as photoetching, vacuum deposition, stencil screening, etc., or they may be in the form of wires or filaments.
  • These arrays 24 and 28 should be made of a good current conducting material, such as copper, gold, silver, or aluminum and if optical transparency is required, transparent or semitransparent conductive materials, e.g., tin-oxide, and/or gold or aluminum may be used.
  • These conductor arrays 24 and 28 are insulated on the sides opposite the support plates 16 and 18 by dielectric members 31 and 32 respectively.
  • These members 31 and 32 may be either a film or a coating and are optically transparent.
  • the material of these members 31 and 32 should be thermally compatible with the material of the support plates 16 and 18.
  • the panel 10 may have the conductors in the arrays 24 and 28 from 0.1 to 0.5 mils thick and from 2 to 6 mils wide, with center to center spacing of the conductors in the respective arrays 24 and 28 of about 20 to 30 mils.
  • the thickness of the dielectric members 31 and 32 can be something less that l to 2 mils and the gap between the confronting faces of the dielectric members 31 and 32 may be about 4 to 9 mils.
  • a gas pressure of 0.2 to atmospheres within the chamber 36 can be used and, of course, the structural strength of the panel will have to accomodate the selected pressure.
  • a light responsive provision which in the FIG. 3 embodiment is a photoconductive element 38, is incorporated in the panel 10.
  • a photoconductors conductivity increases with illumination and its effective resistance, decreases. This characteristic is utilized in a way to be explained.
  • the photoconductive material should have a spectral response that meets the operational requirements of the panel 10; i.e., the photoconductive material should properly change its conductivity with the type of external light used and whether the glow itself is to alter the conductivity will be determined by whether or not optical coupling is wanted. Also whether the photoconductive element 38 is applied to one or both of the dielectric members 31 and 32 will, as those versed in the art will appreciate, be determined by the circuit parameters required by the application of the panel 10.
  • the projector 12 can be of any commercially available type that is capable of projecting visual information onto the projection face 20 of the panel 10.
  • the projector 12 illustrated in FIG. 3 includes an incandescent lamp 40 which illuminates a pair of lens 42. These lens 42 are between the incandescent lamp 40 and a picture slide 44.
  • the letter Z image displayed in FIG. 1, is, of course, a digitized representation of the pictures on the slide 44.
  • a projector lens 46 maneuverable in the usual way to vary the size of image 22 and establish the proper focus. If required a suitable filter (not shown) can be included.
  • an array of light transmitting elements 52 e.g., of the fiber optic type, can be suitably connected by a plate 54 to each of the cross-points 30 of the conductor arrays 24 and 28 and transfer the illumination of the glow discharges to the remotely positioned readout device 14.
  • the readout device 14 could have a corresponding array of light detectors which would develop the output that could be stored in the computer memory or used to drive the printer 48.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 the photoconductive element 38 is shown as a variable resistor and the dielectric member 31 and 32 and the gas discharge chamber 36 as capacitors.
  • This equivalent circuit can be considered as representative of the circuits for each of the illuminated cross-points 30.
  • the visual glow from this discharge occurs when the bound electrons in the gas atoms and/or molecules return to their normal ground states and emit photons of light.
  • This current spike 56 also corresponds to the projection of the image 22 on the panel face 20.
  • the next discharge can be initiated with a lower voltage.
  • a peak to peak v ltage of 400 volts was required to dislodge electrfis from the dielectric member surfaces to start the first discharge, the additional electrons available after the first discharge can thereafter be accelerated with 300-350 volts peak to peak to initiate subsequent-discharges.
  • this memory mechanism permits the projector 12 to be turned off and the panel 10 will continue to operate. Thereafter, the voltage of AC source 29 alone will be adequate to sustain the subsequent discharges. Because the photoconductive element 38 provides, in effect, a write-in voltage, which when summed with the source sustaining voltage, will generate the initial discharge for write-in purposes, it can be appreciated that the AC source 29 never has to provide more than one voltage. This feature eliminates the need for a complicated and expensive adjustable power source.
  • the panel 10 may be operated in a slightly different way if preferred, by incorporating an appropriate writein pulse generating source 60 in addition to the AC source 29.
  • Write-in pulses from the source 60 could be applied to the entire panel 10, to one conductor at a time, or to one cross-point 30 at a time.
  • Write-in would be effected only when a selected cross-point 30 had simultaneously applied to it a write-in pulse, the sustaining voltagefrom the source 29, and additionally is illuminated by light from the projector 12. Consequently without the write-in pulse, the sustaining voltage would not be adequate to produce a glow discharge even with the cross-point 30 illuminated with light.
  • the sources 29 and 60 for these purposes, may be of the general type disclosed in application Ser. No. 699,170 to Johnson et al, filed Jan. 19, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,618,071.
  • the panel s ability to be erased by quenching with an external light of the appropriate wave length permits the direct addition and/or subtraction, or even correction, of information displayed on the panel. For example, if the visual image 22 includes several sentences, all or a portion of a sentence, or a word, or a part of a word may be erased by quenching and then if wanted replaced by writing-in the new information in the previously described way with the same projector 12 or any other type light source capable of providing light at the proper wave length and intensity.
  • a luminescent material can be added to the panel for supplemental illumination.
  • a phosphor known as P-3l which is zinc sulphide with a copper activator, can then be combined with the material of the photoconductive element 38, added as a continuous layer 62 or as noncontinuous lines, dots, etc.
  • the panel which has been designated the numeral 10' is, except for the luminescent layer 62, the same in construction as the panel 10.
  • the layer 62 is shown only on one side of the chamber 36 but as explained with respect to the photoconductive element 38 can, along with the photoconductive element 38, be on both sides.
  • the panel 10' will operate substantially the same as the panel 10.
  • the resistance decreased by the photoconductive element 38 will cause the selective discharges. Photons of light from the discharges will then photoexcite the phosphor of the layer 62 and cause luminescence.
  • This additional illumination at the selected cross-points 30 can be very helpful in high ambient light environmentsJPanel turn off or erasure can be achieved in the aforedescribed way. Also these additional illuminations can enhance the optical coupling if wanted.
  • the involved parameters such as the gas and the luminescent material, are selected so that the radiation is of the proper wave length for photoexciting the material.
  • the P-3l material for the layer 62 and the mentioned neon and nitrogen gaseous mixture have produced satisfactory results.
  • the color of the illumination can be varied depending on the choices of gases and luminescent materials.
  • a single material can be selected to serve both functions; i.e., both the photoconductive and the luminescent functions.
  • the suggested P-3l material is capable to some extent of accomplishing this. Of course, this will be determined by the amount of luminescence desired as well as the photoconductive requirements that must be met by a particular application.
  • a supplemental light from a suitable source e.g., the projector 12 or another similar projector or even an appropriate pen light
  • the supplemental light will further decrease the resistance of the photoconductive element 38 to, in effect, overdrive the gaseous mixture and produce the light intensification at these cross-points 30.
  • the highlighting ability of these panels 10 and 10 enables still further versatility by providing gray scale operation.
  • a second On state that differs significantly in intensity from the first On state.
  • the image 22 can have its intensity increased by the overdriving effect and then its background, instead of being dark, illuminated but at a reduced intensity by operating this background at the discharging threshold, or the illumination of the background can be greater than that of the image.
  • the described visual data conversion and storage systems incorporating one of the gas discharge panels 10 or 10' can be printed or written-in, from an external source of illumination.
  • an external source of illumination When the information is written-in, an
  • analogue to digital conversion is made, after which the digitized information is stored. Readout can be thereafter carried out without destroying the digitized information. Erasure can be accomplished in several ways, including the use of an external light source.
  • a gas discharge panel comprising housing means for a sealed gas chamber, a pair of conductor arrays arranged one on each of the opposite interior sides of said housing means; each array including at least one conductor having relative orientation to the other so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in the opposite arrays, dielectric means arranged interiorally of the conductor arrays and providing surfaces defining at least a portion of the gas chamber, and photoconductive means arranged interiorally of the housing means in circuit with at leastone of said conductor arrays and relative to the cross-points, said pair of conductor arrays, dielectric means, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said crosspoints, said gas chamber providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being insensitive to the spectral emission from a gas discharge, being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and being operative in response to illumination of a selected cross-point from 'a source externally of said housing means when an operating voltage is
  • a gas discharge panel comprising a pair of support members having confronting spaced apart faces, each face having a conductor array arranged relative thereto, each array including at least one conductor having orientation relative to a conductor in the other array so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in each array, a pair of dielectric members arranged between the support members and having the confronting surfaces thereof defining at least a portion of a gas chamber, and photoconductive means arranged between the support members in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and relative to the cross-points, said conductor arrays, pair of dielectric members, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said cross-points, said gas chamber providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being insensitive to the spectral emission from a gas discharge, being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and operative in response to illumination of the selected cross-point from a source externally of one of said support members when an
  • a gas discharge display and memory system comprising a gas discharge panel having a cavity therein, a
  • the arrays each including at least one conductor oriented relative to a conductor in the other array so as to provide one or more cross-pointsbetween opposite arrays; a power source connectible to the arrays so as to apply an operating" voltage across the conductor arrays; and photoconductive means arranged within said cavity in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and relative to one of the conductors arrays, said conductor arrays, pair of dielectric members, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said cross-points, said gas chamber providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being insensitive to the spectral emission from a gas discharge, being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and operative in response to illumination
  • a data storage and conversion system comprising, in combination, a gas discharge panel having a sealed gas chamber, a pair of conductor arrays arranged one on each of the opposite sides of the gas chamber, each array including at least one conductor having relative orientation, so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in each array, dielectric means providing surfaces defining at least a portion of the gas chamber, and photoconductive means arranged within said panel in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and relative to one of the conductor arrays, said conductor arrays, pair of dielectric members, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said cross-points, said gas chamber providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being insensitive to the spectral emission from a gas discharge, being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and operative in response to illumination of a selected cross-point from a source externally of said panel when an operating voltage is also applied to the selected cross-point to increase
  • a gas discharge panel comprising a pair of support members having confronting spaced apart faces, each face having a conductor array arranged relative thereto, each array including at least one conductor having orientation relative to a conductor in the other array so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in each array, a pair of dielectric members arranged between the support members, and photoconductive means arranged on the surface of at least one of the dielectric members, the surface thereof defining at least a portion of a gas chamber, said photoconductive means being in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and proximate the cross-points, said conductor arrays, pair of dielectric members, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said cross-points, said dielectric members and gas chamber on opposite sides of said photoconductive means providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and operative in response to illumination of a selected cross-point from a
  • a gas discharge panel comprising housing means for a sealed gas chamber, a pair of conductor arrays arranged one on each of the opposite interior sides of said housing means; each array including at least one conductor having relative orientation to the other so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in the opposite arrays, dielectric means arranged interiorally of the conductor arrays, and photoconductive means arranged interiorally on the surface of the dielectric means, the surface thereof defining at least a portion of the gas chamber, said photoconductive means being in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and proximate the cross-points, said pair of conductor arrays, dielectric means, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said crosspoints, said dielectric means and gas chamber on opposite sides of said photoconductive means providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subject to illumination and being operative in response to illumination of a selected cross-point from a source externally of said
  • a gas discharge display and memory system comprising, in combination, a gas discharge panel having a sealed gas chamber, a pair of conductor arrays arranged one on each of the opposite sides of the gas chamber, each array including at least one conductor having relative orientation to the other so as to provide one or more cross-points between the conductors in each array, dielectric means insulating said conductor arrays from said gas chamber, and photoconductive means arranged within said panel on at least one surface of said dielectric means and providing at least one surface defining at least a portion of the gas chamber, said photoconductive means being in circuit with at least one of said conductor arrays and proximate one of the cross-points, said conductor arrays, pair of dielectric members, gas chamber and photoconductive means being arranged in series electrically to provide a current path at each of said cross-points, said dielectric members and gas chamber on opposite sides of said photoconductive means providing capacitance in said current path and said photoconductive means being capable of increasing its conductivity and decreasing its effective resistance when subjected to illumination and operative in
  • a gas discharge display and memory system comprising a gas discharge panel having a cavity therein, a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
US00882933A 1969-12-08 1969-12-08 Gas discharge panel with photoconductive material Expired - Lifetime US3723977A (en)

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US (1) US3723977A (de)
JP (2) JPS517544B1 (de)
CA (1) CA925990A (de)
DE (1) DE2060110A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2070764B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1339440A (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800296A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-03-26 Univ Illinois Optical write-in method and apparatus for a plasma display panel
US3825922A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-07-23 Philips Corp Channel plate display device having positive optical feedback
USB340212I5 (de) * 1970-01-05 1975-01-28
US3896452A (en) * 1970-12-23 1975-07-22 Owens Illinois Inc Recording of information from gaseous discharge display/memory panel
US3916245A (en) * 1970-12-07 1975-10-28 Owens Illinois Inc Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel comprising rare gas medium and photoluminescent phosphor
US3947841A (en) * 1973-08-28 1976-03-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Channel electron multiplier signal detector and digitizer
US4177354A (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-12-04 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Graphic communications apparatus
US4731560A (en) * 1970-08-06 1988-03-15 Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life
US4794308A (en) * 1970-08-06 1988-12-27 Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life
US6404043B1 (en) 2000-06-21 2002-06-11 Dense-Pac Microsystems, Inc. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US6426549B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2002-07-30 Harlan R. Isaak Stackable flex circuit IC package and method of making same
US20030002267A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-01-02 Mantz Frank E. I/O interface structure
US20030051911A1 (en) * 2001-09-20 2003-03-20 Roeters Glen E. Post in ring interconnect using 3-D stacking
US6573461B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-06-03 Dpac Technologies Corp Retaining ring interconnect used for 3-D stacking
US20040108584A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-10 Roeters Glen E. Thin scale outline package
US20040207990A1 (en) * 2003-04-21 2004-10-21 Rose Andrew C. Stair-step signal routing
US7081373B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2006-07-25 Staktek Group, L.P. CSP chip stack with flex circuit
US10888895B2 (en) * 2017-03-10 2021-01-12 Showa Denko K.K. Method for producing a thin film, method for producing a magnetic disk, method for producing a nanoimprint mold, and apparatus for producing a thin film

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53137791U (de) * 1977-04-07 1978-10-31
JPS56915U (de) * 1980-06-12 1981-01-07
JPS6191657U (de) * 1984-11-20 1986-06-13

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US3121861A (en) * 1960-06-27 1964-02-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Storage apparatus
GB1161832A (en) * 1966-01-18 1969-08-20 Univ Illinois Gaseous Display and Memory Apparatus.
US3499167A (en) * 1967-11-24 1970-03-03 Owens Illinois Inc Gas discharge display memory device and method of operating
US3513327A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-05-19 Owens Illinois Inc Low impedance pulse generator
US3559190A (en) * 1966-01-18 1971-01-26 Univ Illinois Gaseous display and memory apparatus

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FR1522257A (fr) * 1966-01-18 1968-04-26 Univ Illinois Appareil d'affichage et de mise en mémoire, notamment à caractéristiques bistables
GB1153673A (en) * 1967-01-18 1969-05-29 Mullard Ltd Improvements in or relating to Electrical Discharge Display Devices

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3078373A (en) * 1960-04-21 1963-02-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electroluminescent matrix and access device
US3121861A (en) * 1960-06-27 1964-02-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Storage apparatus
GB1161832A (en) * 1966-01-18 1969-08-20 Univ Illinois Gaseous Display and Memory Apparatus.
US3559190A (en) * 1966-01-18 1971-01-26 Univ Illinois Gaseous display and memory apparatus
US3499167A (en) * 1967-11-24 1970-03-03 Owens Illinois Inc Gas discharge display memory device and method of operating
US3513327A (en) * 1968-01-19 1970-05-19 Owens Illinois Inc Low impedance pulse generator

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB340212I5 (de) * 1970-01-05 1975-01-28
US3922645A (en) * 1970-01-05 1975-11-25 Owens Illinois Inc Data handling system with rotatable fiber optic shutter
US4731560A (en) * 1970-08-06 1988-03-15 Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life
US4794308A (en) * 1970-08-06 1988-12-27 Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life
US3916245A (en) * 1970-12-07 1975-10-28 Owens Illinois Inc Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel comprising rare gas medium and photoluminescent phosphor
US3896452A (en) * 1970-12-23 1975-07-22 Owens Illinois Inc Recording of information from gaseous discharge display/memory panel
US3825922A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-07-23 Philips Corp Channel plate display device having positive optical feedback
US3800296A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-03-26 Univ Illinois Optical write-in method and apparatus for a plasma display panel
US3947841A (en) * 1973-08-28 1976-03-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Channel electron multiplier signal detector and digitizer
US4177354A (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-12-04 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Graphic communications apparatus
USRE39628E1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2007-05-15 Stakick Group, L.P. Stackable flex circuit IC package and method of making same
US6426549B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2002-07-30 Harlan R. Isaak Stackable flex circuit IC package and method of making same
US6404043B1 (en) 2000-06-21 2002-06-11 Dense-Pac Microsystems, Inc. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US6472735B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2002-10-29 Harlan R. Isaak Three-dimensional memory stacking using anisotropic epoxy interconnections
US20030064548A1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2003-04-03 Isaak Harlan R. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US6544815B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2003-04-08 Harlan R. Isaak Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US6566746B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2003-05-20 Dpac Technologies, Corp. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US20030127746A1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2003-07-10 Isaak Harlan R. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US6878571B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2005-04-12 Staktek Group L.P. Panel stacking of BGA devices to form three-dimensional modules
US20030002267A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-01-02 Mantz Frank E. I/O interface structure
US20030051911A1 (en) * 2001-09-20 2003-03-20 Roeters Glen E. Post in ring interconnect using 3-D stacking
US6573460B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-06-03 Dpac Technologies Corp Post in ring interconnect using for 3-D stacking
US6573461B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-06-03 Dpac Technologies Corp Retaining ring interconnect used for 3-D stacking
US7081373B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2006-07-25 Staktek Group, L.P. CSP chip stack with flex circuit
US20040108584A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-10 Roeters Glen E. Thin scale outline package
US6856010B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2005-02-15 Staktek Group L.P. Thin scale outline package
US20040207990A1 (en) * 2003-04-21 2004-10-21 Rose Andrew C. Stair-step signal routing
US10888895B2 (en) * 2017-03-10 2021-01-12 Showa Denko K.K. Method for producing a thin film, method for producing a magnetic disk, method for producing a nanoimprint mold, and apparatus for producing a thin film

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Publication number Publication date
FR2070764A1 (de) 1971-09-17
DE2060110A1 (de) 1971-06-16
CA925990A (en) 1973-05-08
GB1339440A (en) 1973-12-05
JPS517544B1 (de) 1976-03-09
FR2070764B1 (de) 1976-05-28
JPS5128979B1 (de) 1976-08-23

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