US3722A - Henry bttkt - Google Patents

Description

UNITED j STATES PATENT GOVERNOR FOR RnGTUIQAJJING THE MovEMENTs 0F ivtILL-WHERLS,g*STEAMmuslims,Y AND OTHER MACHINERY. f 2 L rSpecification of Letters Patent No. 3,722, dated August 31.11844. e .l i i T 0 all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY BURT, of Boston, in the county of Suolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a 'new' and useful governor for regulating the movements of mill-wheels, steam-engines, or other machinery to which the same may .be applicable, and that the following description and accompanying drawings taken together constitutek a full and exact speciication of the construction and operation ofmy said invention. A Y

Figure l of the drawings above mentioned represent a side elevation of my new governor. Fig. 2 is a vertical and central section of it. Y

Upon a shaft a (Figs. l and 2) Iaflix what is termed an Archimedean screw, or other screw similar in its construction Vto any of those now used for the propulsion of f vessels through the water." `The shaft and screw I placel in a cylindrical or otherproper shaped vessel o, other suitable Huid, `or in the water 'of a flume or mill pond or in any other conven-` ient body of liquid of the required extent, and I support the said shaft in bearings d, e which will allow of two movements of it the one a rotary motion on itsaxis and the other a movement up and down or to andY fro in the direction of its axis. A groo'ved pulley f is to be affixed upon the said shaft as seen in Figs. l and 2, or in any other proper manner, and is to receive around its periphery a band'which shall proceed from a drum or pulley xed upon the steam engine or mill wheel shaft, or upon any other suit-able part of the mechanism to which the governor is applied. The shaft' a should have a lever g 71, z', or other proper contrivance connected with it, which,'by suitable mechanism intervening between it and the throttle valve of the steam pipe of the steam engine, or gate of the water wheel, will open and close the said valve or gate in proportion to the elevation and` depression of thev shaft in its movements to and frov in the direction of its axis. A top view of a screw propeller with four leaves or oats is given in Fig. 3, and a side view of the'same'v in Fig. 4. The gate` or throttle-valve should have a spring or other proper contrivance applied to it, which shall, throw Vit open when thescrew descends. -Although l havev described the Ypropeller as a screw propeller `convertedinto av suitable propeller "bycut Vfrom the foircumference toward its center.

`lilled with water or any plates being to prevent as far'aspossible'for y put in motion byy the '.water lvvhefelv or stea I do not mean toibeunderstood to alwaysv use one whose leaves or'floatsare'fhelically f curved. A simple circular plate'jmay/ beV Q tingl into the same 1n1one"or-.more Y.directions and bending upwardtriangular portions of theA plate above therest 'of the same,y jn-"k stead of such a'propeller'one'*maybe constructed of one ormore inclined Vplanes attached to and projecting from the shaft. rIn fact'there are variousways in' which a pro--A peller may be made to enable it Vto produce Y thev effect of movingfin ai direction of'its Y axis, when'rotated. When lthe said screwis arranged Yin a V'cylinder Vfilled with -water fas' represented in Figs. 1 andj2, oneor more" partitions 76,] may extend acrossythey in-' terior of the cylinder in the parts thereofy above and belowthe limits of motion of `the screw, in the direction ofthe axis ofthe shaft, or'the cylinder'may beV of:V sov` much greater diameterthan the Vr screw.. as to admit f of a series of vertical plates' being secufi'edfl to its inner Vsurtace and` between the same- 80 and the screw and vextending nearly to the screw; the: object of the said partitions or?y those to, a rotary motion'ot1 the water above and Vbelow or laround the screw, while the Y screw is revolving. I do not consider these plates however,mal{ing part of my ins@ vention, butas only auxiliary' thereto forHV the purpose4 of preventinga rotary motion" of the water in theimmediate Vvicinity ofA the screw. When theshaft vand screware put in rapid revolution within the water or] fluid matter surrounding the*latter,1the` re action ofthe water upon the screwfvvill` raise the screw and shaft a, or give to them amotion inra direction of the axisv of theV shaft so as to diminish the opening of the throttle valve ofthe engineior gate of the" y Vwater wheel. v As the velocity of thescrew 1 is increased itvwill frise still higher and still further Vdiminish the sizeof the Yopening ofy thegate orthrottle valve. Y..

.Every mechanic a'ccpiaintedl .with theopif eration of the ordinary double ball governor must have observed e its irregularity jof a tion, the ,sameA occurringeveryv time" astop page of any` material part of the inechanism'V @11emetekes Place 1It'0te1heppenea, cotton factoriesthat suddenlyarrestingfthe" operations of the selfacting mules or any other considerable portion of the mechanism so, for a short period of time, increases the speed of the remainder of the same, before the governor can properly act upon the moving power, as often to create great damage. In fact the throwing the shuttles en` tirely out of the looms and with great force is av common accident of almost daily occurrence, the effects of which are sometimes very' serious. The peculiar manner in which the ordinary governor is constructed and acts prevents it from producing the necessary effect within the required time.

Vithoutv going into further particulars, it

is suilicient to state the well known fact that the Ysaid governor is an imperfect mechanical contrivance for the purpose for which it is intended. It is an established law of physics that the resist-ance to a body moving in water increases in or about in thev proportion of the square of the velocity.

.Consequently it will be observed that the moment an increase takes place in the velocity of the screw and its shaft, the resistance to the said screw or power acting to move it in the direct-ion of its axis increases about in the proportion of the square of the velocity. This causes the screw to instantly act upon the throttle valve or gate (as the case may be) and to the degree'necessary to diminish the passage of the steam to the engine orwater to the wheel.

The lever which is raised by the screw shaft may have a weight 76', suspended to it and so ladapted to it as to be capable of being moved toward the extreme end of the ness of construction and immediate :Plctiilt` .W l

lever, or tcward the shaft a, as circumstances may require. Suitable marks ori notches and figures may be made intim` lever to indicate the speed which the adjust ment of the weight upon either of the notches will produce. When the mach' is running at any `particular' speed weight should be so adjusted as'to the speed imparted to t-hescrew to elevati it and balance it in the water to a certain fixed level or position, which may be way between the limits of space ass' f for the screw to move in the direction the axis of the shaft a. Anyincrease speed of the screw will, ofcourse, instand raise it and diminish the opening of tl gate or throttle valve. So with any decrease of the speed, the screw will fall and inerenti@ the opening of the gate or throttle .valtn The great advantages which my govern@ possesses over the ordinary governor abov mentioned consists in its simplicity, cheep Ill ll to govern or regulate the motions of thug mechanism.

Having thus shall claim- Y l The employment, as a governor, of screw or other analogous cont-rivance as doscribed to revolve in water `or other 4fluid"` and act therein and in all respects substantially as set forth.

explained my invention HENRY B UR'L` l Witnesses i 1 R. H. EDDY, JOHN NOBLE.

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