US3721921A - Waveguide directional coupler - Google Patents

Waveguide directional coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3721921A
US3721921A US00187110A US3721921DA US3721921A US 3721921 A US3721921 A US 3721921A US 00187110 A US00187110 A US 00187110A US 3721921D A US3721921D A US 3721921DA US 3721921 A US3721921 A US 3721921A
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
hybrid
probes
ports
coupler
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00187110A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Lamy
J Billard
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers

Definitions

  • a directional coupler for a waveguide comprises two probes penetrating into the waveguide and separated by an interval equal to a quarter of the wavelength corresponding, in the guide, to the operating frequency.
  • the two probes are connected to two ports of a square hybrid, the length of the side of which is equal to a quarter of the wavelength corresponding, in the hybrid, to the above-mentioned frequency.
  • the square hybrid may be detached from the waveguide either through making the probes integral with the hybrid, or through making them the extensions of coaxial jacks integral with the guide, the hybrid being then provided with two mating plugs.
  • the present invention relates to waveguide directional couplers and more particularly to couplers of small size, operating at frequencies of less than l Gc/s.
  • microwave couplers which are formed essentially by a waveguide section of the same kind as that forming the circuit into which the coupler is to be incorporated, in association with one or two auxiliary waveguide sections perpendicular to, or parallel with, the first mentioned waveguide section, depending upon the desired mode of coupling.
  • these couplers are bulky and constitute a monoblock unit which, if they are an optional element of an equipment, requires the coupler to be substituted by a waveguide section where the equipment is desired without a coupler, which means that a flange connection arrangement has to be provided.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks.
  • a directional coupler for a waveguide comprising two probes penetrating into said waveguide and respectively contained in two planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waves in said waveguide, said two planes being separated by a distance equal to a quarter of the propagation wavelength in said waveguide for the center operating frequency thereof, and a hybrid junction having first and second pairs of ports, said junction being formed by transmission line elements so arranged that the difference between the paths from either of the ports of said second pair of the two ports of the first pair respectively be equal to a quarter of the propagation wavelength in said transmission lines elements for said frequency, said two probes being respectively connected to the two ports of said first pair.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a directional coupler in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a practical embodiment of the coupler of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a variant embodiment of a directional coupler in accordance with the invention.
  • a rectangular waveguide l is shown, the upper broad face of which is provided with two apertures 2 and 3.
  • the centers of those apertures are respectively located in two planes perpendicular to the broad faces of the guide and intersecting the upper broad face along the lines 16 and 17 spaced by a distance D k,,/4, where A, is the propagation wavelength in the guide for the operating mean frequency thereof.
  • Two probes 4 and 5 respectively penetrate into the guide normally to the broad face through the apertures 2 and 3, and are respectively coupled to two adjacent ports of a square hybrid 8.
  • a square hybrid comprises four transmission line sections forming a square, the length of the sides of which is equal to a quarter of the propagation wavelength in those sections for the operating mean frequency thereof.
  • the four ports are at the four corners of the square.
  • the square hybrid of the coupler according to the invention is made of flat transmission line sections, for example three-conductor strip lines, 9 to 12, only the inner conductors of which have been shown in FIG. 1.
  • the probes 2 and 3 are respectively connected to the inner conductors of two adjacent ends 6 and 7 of two parallel line sections, 9 and 11, those ends being two ports of the square hybrid, the opposite ends 13 and 14 of these same sections being the other two ports of the square hybrid and forming two ports of the directional coupler.
  • a wave propagating through the waveguide will give rise to the delivery of energy either at the terminal 13 or at the terminal 14 according to the direction of propagation of the wave in the guide.
  • the depth of penetration of the probes 4 and 5 is of course a function of the desired coefficient of coupling with the waveguide.
  • the position of the apertures 2 and 3, shown here on the center axis of the broad face of the waveguide, may be altered provided that the centre of the apertures 2 and 3 be aligned parallel to this axis.
  • the advantage of offsetting the position of the probes relatively to the center axis (when the desired coefficient of coupling is comparatively low) lies in that, for a given coupling coefficient, the probes will then be longer so that the mechanical tolerance becomes greater as concerns their precise length.
  • FIG. 2 where similar references designate similar elements, the inner conductors of the square hybrid 8 are shown inserted between two plates of dielectric material 20 and 21 which themselves are inserted between two metal plates 22 and 23 forming the external conductors of the transmission lines of the square hybrid.
  • the ports 13 and 14 are located behind the junction and are not visible in the figure.
  • the probes 4 and 5 are integral with the square hybrid, whose attachment to the waveguide 1 simply requires the drilling of two small holes 2 and 3 and the assembly of a mechanical centering and clamping unit which will respectively position and fix the elements while at the same time effecting center necessary electrical contacts.
  • the probes 4 and 5 are the extensions of the internal conductors of two coaxial jacks 24 and 25 respectively, which are integral with the waveguide 1, the outer conductors of the jacks making contact with the upper broad face of the waveguide.
  • the square hybrid 8 of FIG. 1 is attached to the guide by means of two coaxial plugs (not shown in the drawing) corresponding to the two jacks, the inner conducts of the plugs being respectively connected to the inner conductors of the ports 6 and 7 of the hybrid, and their outer conductors directly making electrical contact with the lower conductors of those ports.
  • the coupling variation remained less then percent over the stated frequency band, the standing wave ratio in the waveguide remaining better than 1.02.
  • This variation of the coupling as a function of the frequency may be easily tolerated for a number of applications, in particular as concerns the couplers used for measurements, in the latter necessitating anyhow a precise calibration relating the coupling to the frequency.
  • this coupler which involves only a slight increase over the waveguide thickness, is particularly relevant to radio relay links where the space available in the racks is reduced.
  • a directional coupler for a waveguide having broad faces said coupler comprising two probes penetrating into said waveguide through one of said broad faces and respectively contained in two planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waves in said waveguide, said two planes being separated by a distance equal to a quarter of the propagation wavelength in said waveguide for the center operating frequency thereof, and a square hybrid having first and second pairs of ports, said square hybrid being formed by transmission line elements so arranged that the difference between the paths from either of the ports of said second pair to the two ports of the first pair respectively be equal to a quarter of the propagation wavelength in said transmission line elements for said frequency, said two probes being respectively connected to the two ports of said first pair; said transmission line elements being flat conductor lines parallel to said broad faces; said coupler comprising two coaxial plugs mechanically integral with said hybrid, andv two corresponding coaxial jacks having inner conductors, mechanically integral with said waveguide, said probes being extensions of said inner conductors of said jacks.

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US00187110A 1970-10-13 1971-10-06 Waveguide directional coupler Expired - Lifetime US3721921A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7036927A FR2108858B1 (fr) 1970-10-13 1970-10-13

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US3721921A true US3721921A (en) 1973-03-20

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FR (1) FR2108858B1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0110324A1 (fr) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Récepteur à hyperfréquences comportant un filtre à guide d'ondes
US4675623A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-06-23 Motorola, Inc. Adjustable cavity to microstripline transition
US4928077A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-05-22 Thomson-Csf Tunable microwave coupler with mechanically adjustable conductors
US4983933A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-01-08 Sedco Systems Inc. Waveguide-to-stripline directional coupler
DE4315276A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur richtungsabhängigen Auskopplung von Mikrowellensignalen aus einer Leitung
US5656980A (en) * 1994-09-27 1997-08-12 Harris Corporation Multiple output RF filter and waveguide
US6483396B1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2002-11-19 Hughes Electronics Corp. Microwave system with redundant processing devices and passive switching
US20040046620A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-11 Wen-Liang Huang Directional coupler for microwave cavities
WO2009090938A1 (fr) * 2008-01-15 2009-07-23 Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. Carte de circuit imprimé de coupleur directif, coupleur directif et appareil de création de plasma
EP3026441A1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-01 Nxp B.V. Appareil de mesure de puissance RF et procédés associés
WO2024023708A1 (fr) * 2022-07-25 2024-02-01 Emrod Limited Systèmes et procédés pour un coupleur de guide d'ondes à une ligne de transmission

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2266155A (en) * 1992-04-14 1993-10-20 Filtronics Components Measuring standing wave ratios

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423390A (en) * 1944-03-29 1947-07-01 Rca Corp Reflectometer for transmission lines and wave guides
US2609450A (en) * 1946-04-30 1952-09-02 Harold C Early Radio frequency wattmeter
US2775737A (en) * 1946-05-03 1956-12-25 Edward M Purcell Standing wave measuring system
US3066264A (en) * 1958-05-19 1962-11-27 Gen Electric Power amplifier

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR80851E (fr) * 1956-02-07 1963-06-28 Appareil de radiographie plus particulièrement étudié pour la craniographie permettant des incidences multiples sur un point de centrage fixe

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423390A (en) * 1944-03-29 1947-07-01 Rca Corp Reflectometer for transmission lines and wave guides
US2609450A (en) * 1946-04-30 1952-09-02 Harold C Early Radio frequency wattmeter
US2775737A (en) * 1946-05-03 1956-12-25 Edward M Purcell Standing wave measuring system
US3066264A (en) * 1958-05-19 1962-11-27 Gen Electric Power amplifier

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0110324A1 (fr) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Récepteur à hyperfréquences comportant un filtre à guide d'ondes
US4547901A (en) * 1982-11-30 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave receiving apparatus using a waveguide filter
US4675623A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-06-23 Motorola, Inc. Adjustable cavity to microstripline transition
US4928077A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-05-22 Thomson-Csf Tunable microwave coupler with mechanically adjustable conductors
US4983933A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-01-08 Sedco Systems Inc. Waveguide-to-stripline directional coupler
DE4315276A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur richtungsabhängigen Auskopplung von Mikrowellensignalen aus einer Leitung
US5656980A (en) * 1994-09-27 1997-08-12 Harris Corporation Multiple output RF filter and waveguide
US6483396B1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2002-11-19 Hughes Electronics Corp. Microwave system with redundant processing devices and passive switching
US20040046620A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-11 Wen-Liang Huang Directional coupler for microwave cavities
US6707349B1 (en) 2002-09-06 2004-03-16 Industrial Technology Research Institute Directional coupler for microwave cavities
WO2009090938A1 (fr) * 2008-01-15 2009-07-23 Noritsu Koki Co., Ltd. Carte de circuit imprimé de coupleur directif, coupleur directif et appareil de création de plasma
EP3026441A1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-01 Nxp B.V. Appareil de mesure de puissance RF et procédés associés
WO2024023708A1 (fr) * 2022-07-25 2024-02-01 Emrod Limited Systèmes et procédés pour un coupleur de guide d'ondes à une ligne de transmission

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Publication number Publication date
FR2108858B1 (fr) 1973-11-23
FR2108858A1 (fr) 1972-05-26

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