US3720226A - Vehicular mounted wash apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

SUPPLIED TO THE SEVERAL CHANNELS AT RATES PROPORTIONAL TO THE RESPECTIVE WATER FLOWS. PRESSURE PUMPS FURTHER INCREASE PRESSURE IN THE WASH CHANNELS FOR DISCHARGING WASH FLUID AT HIGH PRESSURES. THE FLUID IN EACH CHANNEL IS DISCHARGED THROUGH A SEPARATE NOZZLE.

A WASH APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR VEHICULAR MOUNTING HAS A WATER TANK FROM WHICH WATER IS DIRECTED TO A MAIN FOR DISTRIBUTION TO DUPLEXED WASH CHANNELS, DUPLEXED RINSE CHANNELS, A BRIGHTENER CHANNEL, AND A STEAM CHANNEL. A PUMP PROPELS WATER IN THE MAIN THROUGH A HEATER AND A BYPASS AND DELIVERS HOT OR COLD WATER TO ANY OR ALL OF THE CHANNELS. THE WASH CHANNELS ARE CAPABLE OF DISCHARGING HOT WASH FLUID WHILE THE RINSE CHANNELS SIMULTANEOUSLY DISCHARGE COLD RINSE FLUID. DETERGENT, WAX, AND ACID ARE

Description

March 13, 1973 P. R. MINICH, JR. ET 3,720,226

VEHICULAR MOUNTED WASH APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 6, 1970 m9 moma x25 hzwomwhwc INVENTORS DONALD E. SHAVER v. 25. wzwmommx 225 m t mw on Q2 m 10:20

PAUL R. MINICH, JR.

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March 13, 1973 P. R. MINICH, JR, ETAL 3,720,226

VEHICULAR MOUNTED WASH APPARATUS Filed Aug. 6, 1970 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS DONALD E.SHAVER PAUL R. M|N|CH,JR.

AT TORN EY 3,720,226 VEHICULAR MOUNTED WASH APPARATUE Paul R. Minich, lira, Washington, D.C., and Donald E. Shaver, Fort Worth, Tern, assignors to C 8: M Manna factoring Company, Inc., Bethesda, Md.

Filed Aug. 6, 1976, Ser. No. 61,576 Int. Cl. F16k 49/00 US. Cl. 137-334 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOS A Wash apparatus suitable for vehicular mounting has a water tank from which Water is directed to a main for distribution to duplexed wash channels, duplexed rinse channels, a brightener channel, and a steam channel. A pump propels water in the main through a heater and a bypass and delivers hot or cold water to any or all of the channels. The wash channels are capable of discharging hot Wash fluid While the rinse channels simultaneously discharge cold rinse fluid. Detergent, wax, and acid are supplied to the several channels at rates proportional to the respective Water flows. Pressure pumps further increase pressure in the wash channels for discharging wash fluid at high pressures. The fluid in each channel is discharged through a separate nozzle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Some Wash systems having separate water and detergent lines culminating at a common nozzle incorporate a detergent supply valve at the nozzle and are capable of shutting off the detergent flow to provide a water rinse. However, they have several disadvantages. It may not be necessary or desirable that the rinse be at the same temperature as the wash. An uneconomical use of heated water may result. Uneconomically large heating apparatus may waste money and space. An election to wash negates the possibility of a simultaneous election to rinse and visa versa. For example, when washing fleets of ve' hicles, such as trucks parked at a loading dock, it may be desirable for one operator to move along the vehicles continuously washing, followed by another operator performing a rinse operation. It is desirable to wash and to rinse with two different nozzles each having optimum discharge characteristics for a particular operation. Use of a single nozzle compromises the optimum characteristic and detracts from the efficiency of these operations. It is desirable not to pressurize an unused detergent line during a rinse operation.

Other wash systems having separate wash water and rinse water lines which culminate at a common nozzle may have many inherent problems.

Existing wash systems mix a detergent flow with a hot water flow either by gravity feed of the detergent or by pumping a liquid detergent solution into a wash line. In either case, a valve is used to control the detergent flow independently of the water flow. Once the valve is opened. the detergent flow rate becomes constant. But if the water flow rate varies while the detergent flow rate remains constant, the resulting wash fluid may be too rich or too lean with detergent.

Using too rich solutions results in economic waste and is undesirable for sewage systems. Too lean solutions prevent thorough cleaning. The effectiveness of the cleaning operation is adversely affected by varying amounts of detergent in the wash fluid. The problem is acute when solenoid valves or other two position fixed flow valves are used to control the detergent flow.

Washing of fleet vehicles, such as trucks or buses, normally involves the removal of contaminants from exposed metal and painted surfaces. While some contami- United States Patent O nants are suitably removed by a hot water-detergent solution, other contaminants may be more readily removed by other fluids. Additionally, application of a thin film of Wax to cleaned surfaces improves their appearance and decreases the tenacity of adherence of future contaminants.

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SUMMARY on THE INVENTION A wash apparatus, suitable for vehicular mounting, has improved means for supplying various additives to fluid flows in several channels and improved means for individually discharging additive-containing fluid from the apparatus.

The invention includes fluid storage means, such as a 1,000 gallon tank, and inlet means for filling the tank with fluid, normally water. Fluid is Withdrawn from the tank through outlet means and is directed to a main. The main further directs fluid to duplexed wash channels, duplexed rinse channels, a brightener channel and a steam channel. Propulsion means, such as a pump, are disposed in the main for propelling fluid through heating means. Means exist to permit fluid to bypass the heating means and to reconnect with the main before the channels. The main is capable of simultaneously delivering hot water to the Wash channel and cold water to the remaining channels. Alternatively, warm or hot water may be supplied to any or all channels.

Means exist for supplying additive to the wash, rinse, and brightener channels at variable rates proportional to fluid flows in each channel. The additives include a detergent, a wax and an acidic brightener.

Pressure pump means are disposed in any or all of the several channels for increasing fluid pressure at the discharge means and for operating additive supply means.

Each channel terminates in a suitable nozzle. The Wash nozzles have high pressure and low flow rate characteristics. Relative to the wash nozzles, the rinse nozzles discharge a rinse flush at lower pressures.

The several channels are operated separately or jointly. Thus, it is possible to perform steam cleaning simultaneously with washing, rinsing, waxing and brightening.

In suitable supply situations, the means used to supply fluid from an external source to the inlet means is not disconnected and is used to continuously replace water depleted by the propulsion means.

One object of the invention is to provide a wash apparatus having a wash line separate from a rinse line to permit simultaneous washing and rinsing.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for performing wash and rinse operations through nozzles having separate discharge characteristics.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for obtaining a consistent additive-containing fluid by supplying additive to fluid by driving an additive pump with the fluid at a rate proportional to fluid flow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. is a schematic view of the wash apparatus for vehicular mounting.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the Wash apparatus mounted on a vehicle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Wash apparatus for vehicular mounting is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and consists generally of inlet means 7, fluid storage tank means 21, outlet means such as pipe 22, main 9, bypass means 35, propulsion means 23, heating means 8, Wash channels 50 and 50', pressure release means 71 and 71, rinse channels and 100', brightener channel and steam channel 150, pressure pump means 63 and 63, wash additive means 87' and 87", rinse additive means 118 and 118 and brightener additive means 144,

wash discharge control means includes variable wash nozzles 62 and 62', rinse discharge control means including variable time nozzles 109' and 109', brightener discharge control means including variable brightener nozzle 131 and steam discharge control means including variable steam nozzle 156.

Inlet means 7 has pipes 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20 and 34, valve 11 disposed between pipes and 12, three- Way valve 13 disposed between pipes 12 ,14 and 15 and three-way valve 19 disposed between pipes 18, 20 and 34, and water conditioner 16 disposed between pipes 14 and 17.

The fluid storage means, shown as water tank 21, delivers water to the outlet means, shown as pipe 22. Main 9 has pipes 26, 28, 29, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47, check valve 27 between pipes 26 and 28, and three-way valve 40 between pipes 37, 41 and 44.

Bypass means 35 has pipe 36 connected to main 9 between pipes 28' and 29, and pipe 3-7 connected to pipes 36 and 34 and connected to three-way valve 40.

Propulsion means 23 has pump motor and pump 24, shown connecting outlet means 22 with main 9. Generator 160 supplies electrical power through wires 161 and 162 to pump motor 25 for driving pump 24.

Heating means 8 has hot water pressure tank 30, gasfired boiler 31, and propane tank 32. Hot Water pressure tank 30 is shown disposed in main 9 between pipes 29 and 33. Propane tank 32 provides fuel to gas-fired boiler 31 for heating water in hot water pressure tank 30.

Wash channel 50 is connected to pipe 43 of main 9 and has pipes 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60, check valve 91 disposed between pipes 57 and 58, and valve 49 between pipes 43 and 51.

Wash channel 50" is connected to main 9 between pipes 41 and 42 and has pipes 89, 51', 52', 53', 54', 55', 56', 57, 58', 59' and 60'', check valve 91', disposed between pipes 57 and 58', and valve 49' between pipes 89 and 51'.

Pressure release means, generally indicated at 71 has feedback pipe 69 connected to wash channel 50 between pipes 51 and 52; pressure relief valve 67 is connected by pipe 66 to wash channel 50 between pipes 54 and 55 and is connected to feedback pipe 69 by pipe 68. Pipe 77 is connected to wash channel 50 between pipes 59 and 60. Pressure switch 76 is connected to pipe 77 and is electrically connected with solenoid 72 by wire 90 for operating valve 70. Pressure switch 76 is also electrically connected with solenoid dump valve 89 by wire 166. Pipe 73 is connected to wash channel 50 between pipes 55 and 56 and is connected to solenoid operated valve 70. Pressure gauge 74 is connected to pipe 75, which communicates with wash channel 50 between pipes 58 and 59.

Pressure release means, generally indicated at 71, has feedback pipe 69' connected to wash channel 50' between pipes 51' and '52; pressure relief valve 67 is connected by pipe 66 to wash channel 50 between pipes 54 and 55' and is connected to feedback pipe 69 by pipe 68'. Pipe 77' is connected to wash channel 50' between pipes 59' and 60'. Pressure switch 76 is connected to pipe 77' and is electrically connected with solenoid 72. by wire 90 for operating valve 70'. Pressure switch 76 is also electrically connected with solenoid dump valve 89' by wire 166'. Pipe 73 is connected to wash channel 50' between pipes 55' and 56' and is connected to solenoid operated valve 70'. Pressure gauge 74 is connected to pipe 75' which communicates with wash channel 50 between pipes 58 and 59'.

Rinse channel 100 is connected to main 9 between pipes 44 and 45 and consists of pipes 101, 103, 105, 106 and 107, valve 102 between pipes 101 and 103, and valve 104 between pipes '103 and 105.

Rinse channel 100' is connected to main 9 between pipes 45 and 46 and has pipes 101, 103, 105, 106 and 107', valve 102' between pipes 101' and 103, and valve 104 between pipes 103' and 105'.

Brightener channel 120 is connected to main 9 between pipes 46 and 47 and has pipes 121, 123, 124, 126, 128 and 129, and valve 122 between pipes 121 and 123.

Steam channel 150 is connected to pipe 47 of main 9 and has pipes 152 and 154, steam generator 153 between pipes 152 and 154, and valve 151 between pipes 47 and 1'52.

Pressure pump means 63 has pressure pump motor 65 and pressure pump 64, shown disposed in wash channel 50 between pipes 53 and 54. Generator 160 supplies electrical power to pressure pump motor 65 through wires 1 61, 163 and 165 for driving pressure pump 64.

Pressure pump means 63' has pressure pump motor 65' and pressure pump 64', shown disposed in wash channel 50' between pipes 53' and 54. Generator 160 supplies electrical power to pressure pump motor 65 through wires 161, 163 and 164 for driving pressure pump 64'.

Wash additive means 87 has wash additive storage means, such as tank 88 containing a wash additive such as a detergent. Wash additive supply means has pipes 83, 84 and 86 and check valve between pipes 84 and 86, wash additive pump means consistin of fluid motor 78, wash additive pump 82 and speed reduction coupling 80.

Fluid motor 78 has impeller means disposed in wash channel 50 between pipes 56 and 57 and is operated by a flow of wash fluid. Speed reduction coupling 80, connected tothe output shaft 79 of the fluid motor, provides adjustment of the additive ratio. The input shaft 81 of pump 82 is moved by coupling 80.

Similarly, wash additive means 87 has wash additive storage means, such as tank 88, containing a wash additive, typically a detergent wash additive supply means 87' has pipes 83, 84, and 86' and check valve 85' between pipes 84 and 86, and wash additive pump means has fluid motor 78', speed reduction coupling 80 and wash additive pump 82. Fluid motor 78' has impeller means disposed in wash channel 50 between pipes 56' and 57' and is operated by a flow of wash fluid therein. The passageway defined by the additive supply means is connected with tank 88 for supplying detergent to wash channel 50 between pipes 52 and 53'. Speed reduction coupling 80' is shown connecting the output shaft 79 of the fluid motor with the input shaft 81' of pump 82' for regulating the speed of pump 82'.

Rinse additive means 118 has rinse additive storage means, such as tank 110, containing rinse additive such as a wax. Rinse additive supply means has pipes 111, 112 and 114. Rinse additive pump means has pump 113 disposed between pipes 112 and 114; and fiuid motor 116, selectively communicating with the flow of rinse fluid in rinse channel by valve 104 and pipes 115 and 117.

Fluid motor 116 has impeller means disposed between pipes 115 and 117 and provides driving means for pump 113. The passageway created by the additive supply means is connected to tank for supplying wax to rinse channel 100 between pipes 106 and 107.

Similarly, rinse additive means 118' has additive storage means, such as tank 110 containing a rinse additive, typically a wax; rinse additive supply means has pipes 111, 112' and 114; rinse additive pump means has pump 113' and fluid motor 116 selectively communicating with a flow of rinse fluid in rinse channel 100' by valve 104' and pipes 115 and 117'. The impeller of fluid motor 116' is disposed between pipes 115' and 117' and provides the driving means for pump 113. The additive supply means is connected to tank 110 for supplying wax to rinse channel 100' between pipes 106 and 107'.

Brightener additive means 144 consists of brightener additive storage means such as tank 140 containing brightener additive such as an acid, a passageway consisting of pipe 141, check valve 142, pipe 143, valve 133, pipe 134, pump 135, and pipe 136 for supplying acid to brightener channel 120 between pipes 128 and 129. Pressure relief valve 127 is disposed in brightener channel 120 between pipes 126 and 128. Fluid motor 125 has impeller means disposed in brightener channel 120 between pipes 124 and 126. Speed reduction coupling 13 8 is shown connecting the output shaft 139 of the fluid motor 125 with the input shaft 137 of pump 135 for regulating the speed of pump 135.

Wash discharge control means comprises flexible wash hoses 61 and 61' connected at one end to pipes 60 and 60' and at distal ends to variable nozzles 62 and 62', each capable of discharging wash fluid at the rate of five gallons per minute.

Rinse discharge control means comprises flexible rinse hoses 108 and 108' connected at one end to pipes 107 and 107' and at distal ends to variable nozzles 109 and 109, each capable of discharging rinse fluid at the rate of ten gallons per minute.

Brightener discharge control means comprises flexible hose 130 connected at one end to pipe 129 and at a distal end to variable nozzle 131, capable of discharging brightener fluid at the rate of three gallons per minute and at a pressure of 2.0 psi.

Steam discharge control means comprises a flexible hose 155 connected at one end to pipe 154 and at a distal end to variable nozzle 156, capable of discharging steam at a rate of 200 gallons per hour and at a pressure of 200 psi.

OPERATION A water supply hose is connected to pipe 10 of the inlet means. Suitable alignment of valves 11, 13 and 19 permits water from an external source to enter water tank 21 through the passageway defined by pipe 10, valve 11, pipe 12, valve 13, pipes 15 and 18, valve 19 and pipe 20.

Alternatively, the 'valves are aligned to permit flow through pipe 10, valve 11, pipe 12, valve 13, pipe 14, water conditioner 16, pipes 17 and 18, valve 19 and pipe 20. This latter passageway is particularly useful for situations in which water supplied from an external source is high in carbonates or other deposit-forming compounds.

When the tank is sufiiciently filled with water, valve 11 can be closed to prevent backflow and the hose can be disconnected. If mounted on a vehicle, the apparatus can now be transported to the job site.

Water is permitted to flow from tank 21 through pipe 22 into main 9. Pump 24 propels fluid in the main through pipe 26, check valve 27, pipes 28, 36, 37 and 29, pressure tank 30 and pipes 33, 42, 43, 41, valve 40 and pipes 44, 45, 46 and 47. Boiler 31 heats water in pressure tank 30. Thus, pipe 33 contains hot water and pipe 35 contains unheated or cold Water. The temperature of fluid in the several channels may be regulated by selectively aligning valve 40 to permit unheated water in pipe 37 to mix with heated water in pipe 33. Alternatively, valve 40 can be aligned to restrict hot water to wash channels 50 and 50' and direct cold water to the remaining channels.

Water from main 9 is allowed to enter wash channel 50 by suitable alignment of valve 49, permitting water to flow through pipes 51, 52 and 53, pressure pump 64, pipes 54, 55 and 56, fluid motor 78, pipe 57, check valve 91, pipes 58, 59 and 60, and -wash hose 61 to variable nozzle 62. Fluid motor 78 has an impeller (not shown) disposed in wash channel 50 and operated by a fluid flow in wash channel 50.

The output speed of the fluid motor and the input speed of the detergent pump are regulated with respect to each other by variable speed reduction coupling 80. Detergent pump 82 pumps detergent from detergent tank 88 through pipes 83- and 84, check valve 85 and pipe 86 into Wash channel 50. Pressure pump 64 increases the pressure in wash line 50 to the order of 1,000 psi.

Pressure in pipe 54 is regulated by pressure relief valve 67 directing excess pressure through pipe 68 to feedback pipe 69.

Solenoid 72 communicates electrically with pressure switch 76 and operates valve 70 to release excess pressure in pipe 73 through feedback pipe 69. Wash channel 50 is similarly operated.

Water from main 9 is allowed to enter rinse channel by suitable alignment of valve 102 permitting water to flow through pipe 101, valve 102, pipe 103, valve 104, pipes 105', 106 and 107, and rinse hose 108 to variable rinse nozzle 109. Valve 10 4 can be alternatively aligned to divert rinse fluid flow through pipe 115, fluid motor 116, and pipe 117. Additive wax is pumped from wax tank 110 through pipes 111, 112, wax pump 113 and pipe 114 into rinse channel 100 at a rate proportional to the flow of water therethrough.

Rinse channel 100 is similarly operated.

Water from main 9 is allowed to enter brightener channel by suitable alignment of valve 122, permitting Water to flow through pipe 121, valve 122, pipes 123' and 124, fluid motor 125, pipe 126, pressure release valve 127, pipes 128 and 129, and hose 130 to variable brightener nozzle 131. With valve 133- suitably aligned, acidic brightener is pumped from acid tank 140, through pipe 141, check valve 142, pipe 143, valve 133, pipe 134, acid pump 135 and pipe 136 into brightener channel 120.

Water from main 9 is allowed to enter steam channel by suitable alignment of valve 151, permitting water to flow through valve 151, pipe 152, steam generator 153, pipe 154 and steam hose 155 to variable steam nozzle 156.

Kerosene tank supplies fuel to space heater 171 for preventing ice formation during periods of freezing ambient temperature.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 shown mounted on vehicle 180. Wash hose 61 and rinse hose 108 are laterally accessible. Similarly, wash hose 61' and rinse hose 103' (not shown) are laterally accessible on the other side of the vehicle. Brightener hose 130 and steam hose 155 are accessible through the rear of the van body. The detergent, wax, acid and propane tanks are positioned conveniently near the rear doors of the van body to facilitate filling.

It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the various channels may be operated successively or simultaneously by one or more operators. In stationary applications the supply hose need not be disconnected from pipe 10 and steady state conditions may be approached. Detergent, wax and acid are all supplied to their respective channels at a rate proportional to a flow of water therethrough. The flow of each additive is capable of being turned off. Furthermore, the temperature of fluid in each channel may be regulated.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

That which is claimed is:

1. Wash apparatus suitable for vehicular mounting comprising fluid storage means, inlet means connected to the fluid storage means for filling the fluid storage means, outlet means connected to the fluid storage means for withdrawing fluid from the fluid storage means, distribution means connected to the outlet means for directing fluid, said distribution means having a wash channel and a rinse channel connected to a main for receiving fluid therefrom, propulsion means connected to the outlet means and connected to the main of the distribution means for propelling fluid therein, wash additive means connected to the wash channel for supplying wash additive thereto, wash discharge control means connected to a distal end of the wash channel for discharging wash fluid, rinse discharge control means connected to a distal end of the rinse channel for discharging rinse fluid, said wash additive means comprising wash additive storage means for containing wash additive, wash additive supply means connected to the wash additive storage means and connected to the wash channel for directing wash additive from the wash additive storage means to the Wash channel, wash additive pump means disposed in the wash additive supply means for moving wash additive there through, impeller means disposed in the wash channel whereby fluid in the wash channel operates the impeller means and moves the impeller means, the impeller means being operatively connected to the wash additive pump means for driving the wash additive pump means at a rate proportional to the fluid fiow in the wash channel.

2. Wash apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a brightener channel connected to the main for receiving fluid therefrom, brightener additive means connected to the brightener channel for supplying brightener additive thereto and brightener discharge control means connected to the brightener channel for discharging brightener fluid.

3. Wash apparatus of claim 1 further comprising rinse additive means connected to the rinse channel for supplying a rinse additive thereto, said rinse additive means comprising rinse additive storage means for containing rinse additive, rinse additive supply means connected to the rinse additive storage means and connected to the rinse channel for directing rinse additive from the rinse additive storage means to the rinse channel, rinse additive pump means disposed in the rinse additive supply means for moving rinse additive therein, impeller means disposed in the rinse channel whereby fluid in the rinse channel operates the impeller means and moves the impeller means, the impeller means being operatively connected to the rinse additive pump means for driving the rinse additive pump means at a rate proportional to the fluid flow in the rinse channel.

4. Wash apparatus of claim 1 further comprising wash pressure pump mean disposed in the wash channel for increasing pressure of wash fluid therein.

5. Wash apparatus of claim 4 further comprising pressure release means connected to the wash channel for releasing excess pressure from the Wash channel.

6. Wash apparatus suitable for vehicular mounting comprising fluid storage means, inlet means connected to the fluid storage means for filling the fluid storage means, outlet means connected to the fluid storage means for withdrawing fluid from the fluid storage means, distribution means connected to the outlet means for directing fluid, said distribution means having a wash channel and a rinse channel connected to a main for receiving fluid therefrom, propulsion means connected to the outlet means and connected to the main of the distribution means for propelling fluid therein, wash additive means connected to the wash channel for supplying wash additive thereto, wash discharge control means connected to a distal end of the wash channel for discharging wash fluid, rinse discharge control means connected to a distal end of the rinse channel for discharging rinse fluid, said Wash additive means comprising wash additive storage means for containing wash additive, wash additive supply means connected to the wash additive storage means and connected to the wash channel for directing wash additive from the wash addiitve storage means to the wash channel, Wash additive pump means disposed in the wash additive supply means for moving wash additive therethrough, the wash additive pump means having input means for power input, impeller means disposed in the wash channel Whereby fluid in the wash channel operates the impeller means and moves the impeller means, the impeller means having output means for power output, and power transmission means connecting the output means of the impeller means with the input means of the wash additive pump means for driving the additive pump means at a rate proportional to the fluid flow in the wash channel.

7. Wash apparatus of claim 6 further comprising wash additive pump speed regulating means disposed in the power transmission means for regulating the input means with respect to the output means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,987,259 6/1961 Lindquist 239- X 3,163,880 1/1965 Johnson 239-130 3,243,123 3/1966 Inghram et al. 239-130 3,317,142 5/1967 Casale 239-130 X 3,380,658 4/1968 Stasz et al. 239-146 X 3,815,544 12/1969 Jackson 239-130 X 2,044,557 6/1936 Alvord 137-7 2,199,151 4/1940 Dailey et al. 137-7 3,232,097 2/1966 Childs et al. 137-7 2,030,394 2/1936 Pierce 137-334 3,118,297 1/1964 Olding 68-207 3,144,031 8/1964 Long 68-207 X 3,212,518 10/1965 Padek 137-334 3,280,841 10/1966 Deutsch 137 344 X 3,301,022 1/1967 Low 68-207 X 3,320,777 5/ 1967 Morey 68-207 X 3,336,767 8/ 1967 MacKenzie et al. 68-207 X 3,347,066 10/1967 Klausner 68-207 X FOREIGN PATENTS 887,602 1/1962 Great Britain 68-3 R SAMUEL SCOTT, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

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