US3719647A - New polymers and detergent compositions containing them - Google Patents

New polymers and detergent compositions containing them Download PDF

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US3719647A
US3719647A US00109657A US3719647DA US3719647A US 3719647 A US3719647 A US 3719647A US 00109657 A US00109657 A US 00109657A US 3719647D A US3719647D A US 3719647DA US 3719647 A US3719647 A US 3719647A
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copolymers
compound
acrylic
alkali metal
detergent compositions
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US00109657A
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F Hardy
P Robson
P Speakman
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Primary Examiner-Harry Wong, Jr. Attorney-Julius P. Filcik and Richard C. Witte [5 7] ABSTRACT These compounds are mixed with surface-active agents to form built detergents. They are most effective as whiteness maintenance agents when added to a detergent composition at a 0.1 to 5 percent level by weight of the final product.
  • the invention relates to new copolymers having useful properties, especially as components of washing compositions. Thus they may be effective for improving whiteness maintenance, as lime soap dispersants and as detergency builders.
  • a detergent composition While the primary function of a detergent composition is to remove soil from articles being washed, an important secondary function is to prevent the soil removed from dirtier articles or parts of articles from being redeposited upon cleaner articles or parts of articles which are being treated in the same wash liquor. This activity is known as whiteness maintenance and is measured, in principle, by determining the loss of whiteness of clean white fabrics (or surfaces) when washed in standard conditions together with soiled articles, or in a detergent liquor containing soil.
  • Lime soap dispersants are substances incorporated in soap products, as soap-containing wash liquors which present the formation or the deposition of insoluble soaps formed by reaction of soluble soaps with the constituents of hard water.
  • Builders are agents, usually alkaline and/or having calcium sequestering properties, which enhance the cleaning power of organic detergents.
  • the present copolymers are particularly effective as whiteness maintenance improvers when employed in dilute washing liquors containing phosphatic builder salts including pyro-and/or ortho-phosphates, that is in liquors wherein there is not enough sequestrant builder salt present to sequester all the calcium ions strongly enough to prevent calcium pyroor ortho-phosphates being precipitated.
  • phosphatic builder salts including pyro-and/or ortho-phosphates
  • sequestrant builder salt present to sequester all the calcium ions strongly enough to prevent calcium pyroor ortho-phosphates being precipitated.
  • These calcium ions are usually derived primarily from the water hardness, but may also be derived from the soiled articles being washed.
  • a conventional tripolyphosphate-built heavy duty granular detergent prepared by spray drying, normally contains a proportion of pyroand ortho-phosphates as a result of partial reversion (hydrolysis) of the tripolyphosphate during mixing and spray drying. If, as is not uncommon, such a composition is used in hard water at a concentration such that there is insufficient unreverted tripolyphosphate present to sequester all the calcium etc. in the hard water, the whiteness maintenance is likely to be poor.
  • the copolymers of the invention are particularly valuable in overcoming this fault.
  • R is H or CH M is hydrogen or a cation such that the copolymers are water soluble, and n is at least one.
  • Preferred copolymers are those derived from acrylic acid and methacrylic derivatives, i.e., derivatives where R is CH;,.
  • M represents an alkali metal (especially sodium), ammonium or an amine.
  • the invention also provides detergent compositions comprising an organic detergent and a copolymer as defined above, and, especially such detergent compositions also comprising a builder salt including pyroand/or ortho-phosphates.
  • the invention also provides a laundering process in which fabrics are washed in a solution of a detergent composition according to the invention, especially a process in which there is insufficient sequestering agent present in the wash liquor to sequester all calcium ions present in the wash liquor.
  • the copolymers of the invention may be prepared in any effective way. For instance, a polyethylene glycol of the desired mean molecular weight (i.e. desired average number of polymerized ethylene oxide residues) may be reacted with methacrylic or acrylic acid anhydrides in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting ester may be copolymerized with methacrylic or acrylic acid by methods known in the art for making acrylic-type polymers. It may not be necessary, though it is of course permissible, to separate the copolymers in the reaction product from impurities, such as unreacted monomers, present with them when the material is to be used in detergent compositions.
  • n is one or more, generally up to about 150.
  • the preferred copolymers have n from about 20 to 100, especially at the upper end of this range.
  • the preferred compounds have n from about 5 to 10, especially about 6.
  • the preferred ranges of values of n stated refer to the mean values when, as is usual, compounds with a range of n values are present together.
  • the degree of copolymerization is usually preferably such as to provide copolymers having molecular weight of the order of 30,000 to 200,000, but reaction mixtures containing copolymers and some unpolymerized or little polymerized materials and having an apparent molecular weight as low as about 3,000 have proved effective.
  • the proportions of the copolymers which can usefully be incorporated varies widely. Thus, especially if they are intended as detergency builders, considerable proportions of the copolymers may be used, for instance up to 50 percent or more by weight of the composition. When they are intended as lime scum dispersants or whiteness maintenance improvers relatively small proportions are usually sufficient, for instance from about 0.1 to about 5 percent, and especially about 1 percent. Larger proportions are, however, effective for these purposes also and the optimum level will depend upon economic and like considerations.
  • the detergent composition may be conventional, and in any physical form.
  • they may con tain as organic detergent soap or other anionic detergent, or nonionic, semipolar, zwitterionic or cationic detergents, and the usual builder salts such as ortho, pyro or tripolyphosphates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, borates and the like, or organic sequestrant builder salts such as nitrilotriacetates, ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, ethane- 1 -hydroxy-l 1 -diphosphonates, and the like.
  • builder salts such as ortho, pyro or tripolyphosphates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, borates and the like
  • organic sequestrant builder salts such as nitrilotriacetates, ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, ethane- 1 -hydroxy-l 1 -diphosphonates, and the like.
  • These
  • bleaching agents such as peroxygen or chlorine bleaches
  • detergent compositions such as coloring matter, perfumes, enzymes, other soil suspending agents, tarnish inhibitors, suds enhancing or depressing agents, preservatives, germicides, stabilizers or activators for the bleaching agents or enzymes, and the like.
  • a detergent composition A was prepared consisting essentially of:
  • copolymers of claim 1 wherein the R of the first compound is H and the R of the second compound is CH 3.
  • copolymer of claim 1 having a molecular weight of from 30,000 to 200,000.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

New copolymers of acrylic and methyl acrylic acid (I) with acrylic and methacrylic acid - ethylene oxide condensates (II). The components have formulas: I. CH2 C(R)COOM II. CH2 C(R)COO(C2H4O)nH wherein R is H or CH3; M is H, alkali metal, ammonium or amine; and n is at least one. The preferred ratio of (I) to (II) is about 2:1 and n is preferably from 20 to 100. These compounds are mixed with surface-active agents to form built detergents. They are most effective as whiteness maintenance agents when added to a detergent composition at a 0.1 to 5 percent level by weight of the final product.

Description

United States Patent [191 Hardy et al.
[ 1 March 6, 1973 NEW POLYMERS AND DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM Inventors: Frederick Edward H ardy, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England; Peter Robson, Brussels, Belgium; Peter Roscoe Hartley Speakman, Durham, England The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Filed: Jan. 25, 1971 Appl. No.: 109,657
Assignee:
US. Cl ..260/86.l R, 252/112, 252/523,
Int. Cl. ..C08f 15/14, C08f 15/16 Field of Search ..260/86.l R, 86.1 N
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3/1967 Bearden ..260/86.1 R
3,370,050 2/ 1968 Seiner ..260/86.l R 3,501,432 3/1970 Wright et a1. ....260/86.1 R 2,244,703 6/1941 Hubbuch ..260/86.1 R
Primary Examiner-Harry Wong, Jr. Attorney-Julius P. Filcik and Richard C. Witte [5 7] ABSTRACT These compounds are mixed with surface-active agents to form built detergents. They are most effective as whiteness maintenance agents when added to a detergent composition at a 0.1 to 5 percent level by weight of the final product.
8 Claims, No Drawings NEW POLYMERS AND DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
The invention relates to new copolymers having useful properties, especially as components of washing compositions. Thus they may be effective for improving whiteness maintenance, as lime soap dispersants and as detergency builders.
While the primary function of a detergent composition is to remove soil from articles being washed, an important secondary function is to prevent the soil removed from dirtier articles or parts of articles from being redeposited upon cleaner articles or parts of articles which are being treated in the same wash liquor. This activity is known as whiteness maintenance and is measured, in principle, by determining the loss of whiteness of clean white fabrics (or surfaces) when washed in standard conditions together with soiled articles, or in a detergent liquor containing soil.
Lime soap dispersants are substances incorporated in soap products, as soap-containing wash liquors which present the formation or the deposition of insoluble soaps formed by reaction of soluble soaps with the constituents of hard water.
Builders are agents, usually alkaline and/or having calcium sequestering properties, which enhance the cleaning power of organic detergents.
The present copolymers are particularly effective as whiteness maintenance improvers when employed in dilute washing liquors containing phosphatic builder salts including pyro-and/or ortho-phosphates, that is in liquors wherein there is not enough sequestrant builder salt present to sequester all the calcium ions strongly enough to prevent calcium pyroor ortho-phosphates being precipitated. These calcium ions are usually derived primarily from the water hardness, but may also be derived from the soiled articles being washed. Thus, as a typical instance, a conventional tripolyphosphate-built heavy duty granular detergent, prepared by spray drying, normally contains a proportion of pyroand ortho-phosphates as a result of partial reversion (hydrolysis) of the tripolyphosphate during mixing and spray drying. If, as is not uncommon, such a composition is used in hard water at a concentration such that there is insufficient unreverted tripolyphosphate present to sequester all the calcium etc. in the hard water, the whiteness maintenance is likely to be poor. The copolymers of the invention are particularly valuable in overcoming this fault. While the invention does not depend on any theory of the mechanism whereby these agents act, it appears that the insoluble calcium pyroor ortho-phosphates encourage or aggravate the redeposition of soil, and that the copolymers of the invention diminish, or affect in some other beneficial way, the effect of said calcium phosphates.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The new polymers are copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or their salts having the formula CH =C(R)COO M with one or more acrylic or methacrylic derivatives having the general formula:
wherein R is H or CH M is hydrogen or a cation such that the copolymers are water soluble, and n is at least one. Preferred copolymers are those derived from acrylic acid and methacrylic derivatives, i.e., derivatives where R is CH;,. Preferably M represents an alkali metal (especially sodium), ammonium or an amine.
The invention also provides detergent compositions comprising an organic detergent and a copolymer as defined above, and, especially such detergent compositions also comprising a builder salt including pyroand/or ortho-phosphates.
The invention also provides a laundering process in which fabrics are washed in a solution of a detergent composition according to the invention, especially a process in which there is insufficient sequestering agent present in the wash liquor to sequester all calcium ions present in the wash liquor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The copolymers of the invention may be prepared in any effective way. For instance, a polyethylene glycol of the desired mean molecular weight (i.e. desired average number of polymerized ethylene oxide residues) may be reacted with methacrylic or acrylic acid anhydrides in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting ester may be copolymerized with methacrylic or acrylic acid by methods known in the art for making acrylic-type polymers. It may not be necessary, though it is of course permissible, to separate the copolymers in the reaction product from impurities, such as unreacted monomers, present with them when the material is to be used in detergent compositions. In the acrylic or methacrylic derivative used in the copolymers, n is one or more, generally up to about 150. As agents enhancing whiteness maintenance, the preferred copolymers have n from about 20 to 100, especially at the upper end of this range. As soap scum dispersants, the preferred compounds have n from about 5 to 10, especially about 6. The preferred ranges of values of n stated refer to the mean values when, as is usual, compounds with a range of n values are present together.
In preparing the copolymers in weight ratio of acrylic or methacrylic acid to the acrylic or methacrylic derivative is preferably from about 1:1 to about 5:1 and especially about 2:1.
The degree of copolymerization is usually preferably such as to provide copolymers having molecular weight of the order of 30,000 to 200,000, but reaction mixtures containing copolymers and some unpolymerized or little polymerized materials and having an apparent molecular weight as low as about 3,000 have proved effective.
In detergent compositions, the proportions of the copolymers which can usefully be incorporated varies widely. Thus, especially if they are intended as detergency builders, considerable proportions of the copolymers may be used, for instance up to 50 percent or more by weight of the composition. When they are intended as lime scum dispersants or whiteness maintenance improvers relatively small proportions are usually sufficient, for instance from about 0.1 to about 5 percent, and especially about 1 percent. Larger proportions are, however, effective for these purposes also and the optimum level will depend upon economic and like considerations.
Apart from their content of the copolymers of the invention, the detergent composition may be conventional, and in any physical form. Thus, they may con tain as organic detergent soap or other anionic detergent, or nonionic, semipolar, zwitterionic or cationic detergents, and the usual builder salts such as ortho, pyro or tripolyphosphates, carbonates, silicates, sulfates, borates and the like, or organic sequestrant builder salts such as nitrilotriacetates, ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, ethane- 1 -hydroxy-l 1 -diphosphonates, and the like. These may be present as the sodium, potassium or ammonium or amine salts, more usually the sodium salts. Also present may be bleaching agents such as peroxygen or chlorine bleaches, and the usual minor components of detergent compositions such as coloring matter, perfumes, enzymes, other soil suspending agents, tarnish inhibitors, suds enhancing or depressing agents, preservatives, germicides, stabilizers or activators for the bleaching agents or enzymes, and the like.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples:
EXAMPLE I Preparation of Polyoxyethylene Monomethacrylate Forty g. of polyoxyethylene glycol, of molecular weight 4,000, in 40 ml. of pyridine were treated with 1.5 g. methacrylic acid and 50 mg. of hydroquinone. The solution was kept at 50-60 C. for 3 days and then poured. into 500 ml. of ether. The precipitated monoester, 40 g., was collected and washed with ether. This was the compound corresponding to the formula CH =C(Cl-l )COO (C H O),,H wherein the mean value ofn was about 90.
PREPARATION OF COPOLYMER Glycol EXAMPLE II A detergent composition A was prepared consisting essentially of:
17.5% Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 46.2% Sodium tripolyphosphate containing about 20% by weight thereof of pyrophosphate 7.3% Sodium silicate monethanolamide 1.8% Coconut rnonoethanolamine 1.0% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3% Sodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate l 1.9% Sodium sulfate A dispersion was made up containing 0.1 percent of this composition, 0.004 percent air born dirt" (obtained from an airfilter) and 0.04 percent of a 1:111 mixture of olive oil, oleic acid and lubricating oil in hard water (258 parts per million as CaCO 250 ml. aliquots of this dispersion were placed in containers of a Launderometer, together with six 4% inches square swatches of cotton long cloth. (Cloth to liquor ratio, by weight 1:25). The swatches were subjected to a 1 hour wash at 38 C. They were then removed, rinsed and dried. This treatment was repeated a further two times. Control tests were carried out in the same conditions using the same detergent composition but with the copolymer omitted (Composition B). The reflectance of the original cotton swatches and of the thrice washed swatches was measured, the variability within the groups of 6 swatches being used to establish 95 percent confidence limits for the results, indicated below as i figures.
Results were:
Unwashed fabric reflectance Washed in Composition A reflectance Washed in Composition B reflectance 94.5 percent t 1.7 units 74 i 1.7 units CH C(R)COOM with a second compound having the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H and CH M is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, and ammonium, and n is an integer representing a mean value in the range of from about 5 to about 100, the weight proportion of said first com-. pound to said second compound being in the range of from about 1:1 to 5:1.
2. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein the R of the first compound is H and the R of the second compound is CH 3. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein n is from 20 to 100.
4. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein M is an alkali metal.
5. The copolymers of claim 4 wherein the alkali metal is sodium.
6. The copolymer of claim 1 having a molecular weight of from 30,000 to 200,000.
7. The copolymer of claim 1 wherein the first compound is acrylic acid and the second compound is a polyoxyethylene glycol methacrylate wherein the mean value ofn is 90.
8. The copolymer of claim 1 in which the weight proportion of said first compound to said second compound is 2:1.
P0405) UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTEFKCATE OF CORRECTION Patent No '7 Dated March 1973 Inventor( Frederick Edward Hardy, Peter Robson, Peter Roscoe Hartley Speakman It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 2, line157 delete "proportions" and insert therefor proportion Column 3,, line 59 delete "monethanolamide" and insert therefore -(solids) Column 3, line 60 delete "monoethanolamine" and insert therefore monetnanolamide Signed and sealed this 8th day of January 197A.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDEMRD MGFLETCHERJR. RENE D. TEGTMEYER Attesting Officer Acting Commissioner of Patents

Claims (7)

1. A water-soluble copolymer which results from reacting a first compound having the formula CH2 C(R)COOM with a second compound having the formula CH2 C(R)COO (C2H4O)nH wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H and CH3, M is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, and ammonium, and n is an integer representing a mean value in the range of from about 5 to about 100, the weight proportion of said first compound to said second compound being in the range of from about 1:1 to 5:1.
2. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein the R of the first compound is H and the R of the second compound is CH3.
3. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein n is from 20 to 100.
4. The copolymers of claim 1 wherein M is an alkali metal.
5. The copolymers of claim 4 wherein the alkali metal is sodium.
6. The copolymer of claim 1 having a molecular weight of from 30,000 to 200,000.
7. The copolymer of claim 1 wherein the first compound is acrylic acid and the second compound is a polyoxyethylene glycol methacrylate wherein the mean value of n is 90.
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