US3719153A

US3719153A - Hydraulically dampened car bogie

Info

Publication number: US3719153A
Application number: US00104646A
Authority: US
Inventors: F Schumacher
Original assignee: Fried Krupp AG
Current assignee: Fried Krupp AG
Priority date: 1971-01-07
Filing date: 1971-01-07
Publication date: 1973-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 1990-03-06

Abstract

In combination with the truck center pin-free truck forming a first member of a rail vehicle and with a main frame resiliently supported by said truck and forming a second member of the vehicle. Two double acting fluid operable cylinder piston systems are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the truck while each of the cylinder piston systems has a cylinder pivotally connected to one of said members and has a piston pivotally connected to the other one of said members, each cylinder and piston of one and the same cylinder piston system defining two working chambers,. The working chambers of one and the same cylinder piston system on one side of the truck communicate with the corresponding working chamber of the cylinder piston system on the other side of the truck.

Description

United States Patent Schumacher 1 March 6, 1973 HYDRAULICALLY DAMPENED CAR 3,376,831 4/1968 Eaton et a1 ..105/l99 R BOGIE Primary Examiner-Gerald M. Forlenza [75] Inventor Schumacher Mulhelm Assistant Examiner-Howard Beltran Att0rney-Walter Becker [73] Assignee: Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung, Essen, Ger- [57] ABSTRACT many In combination with the truck center pin-free truck [22] Filed: Jan. 7, 1971 forming a first member of a rail vehicle and with a main frame resiliently supported by said truck and [21] Appl' 104,646 forming a second member of the vehicle. Two double acting fluid operable cylinder piston systems are Cl respectively arranged on opposite sides of the truck 105/19 R, 105/200 while each of the cylinder piston systems has a llll- Cl 1361f 6, B6 5/ cylinder pivotally connected to one of said members Field of Search 19 182 and has a piston pivotally connected to the other one 105/200, 208 of said members, each cylinder and piston of one and the same cylinder piston system defining two working References Cited chambers,. The working chambers of one and the UNITED STATES PATENTS same cylinder piston system on one side of the truck communicate with the corresponding working 3,020,857 2/1962 Dean ..105/199 R chamber of the cylinder piston system on the other 3,459,139 8/1969 Love ....l05/200 X side of the truck. 3,528,374 9/1970 Wickens.... ..lOS/l68 X 3,631,810 1/1972 Bing .105/199 R X 6 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTED R N 75 SHEET 3 OF 5 PATENTEUHAR 61m SHEET 5 or 5 Wen/0r.-

HYDRAULICALLY DAMPENED CAR BOGIE This invention relates to an apparatus for the transmission of the traction and braking forces between a bogie without pivot and the main chassis resiliently supported thereon of rail bogie vehicles, especially selfpropelled vehicles, by means of draw and/or thrust rods which are coupled to both sides of the vehicle in such a way that pivoting of the bogie about a vertical axis is possible.

Bogie-pinless bogies, which are coupled to the main chassis by means of laterally arranged draw rods, have various advantages over bogies which are coupled by means of bogie pins or draw rods arranged in the longitudinal center of the vehicle to the main chassis. These derive first of all from the fact that the transmission of the traction and braking forces generated between wheel and rail from the bogie into the main chassis takes place separately on each side of the vehicle and without deflection through the longitudinal center of the vehicle, namely through the corresponding axle bearing guides and lateral longitudinal girders of the bogie, directly through the draw rods coupled there into the lateral longitudinal girders of the main chassis. The saving thereby obtained of stout transverse girders in the bogie and in the main chassis of the vehicle which otherwise would have to conduct the traction and braking forces by way of example through a central bogie pin renders possible corresponding reductions of the weight of the bogies and the main chassis and of the wheel base in the bogies, which has an especially advantageous effect in the case of six wheel bogies.

In an apparatus of the initially stated kind known hitherto, the pivoting of the bogie in relation to the main chassis about a vertical axis, which is necessary especially in travel on curves, is rendered possible by the fact that the laterally fitted draw and/or thrust rods are articulated to the bogie or to the main chassis not directly but through a special compensating linkage. Apart from the losses due to friction and wear on the bearing and deflection points thereby caused, the necessary occupation of space and extra weight for such a compensating linkage extending substantially in the transverse direction of the vehicle act as disadvantages which oppose the above-mentioned advantages of the bogie-pinless bogie.

The invention is based upon the problem of eliminating the stated disadvantages.

According to the invention this problem is solved primarily in that on one of the two vehicle parts, preferably on the main chassis, there are arranged double-acting hydraulic cylinders the pistons of which are connected with the draw and/or thrust rods coupled to the other vehicle part, preferably to the bogie, while the two working chambers of each cylinder are in conduit connection with the corresponding working chambers of the cylinder arranged in each case on the other side of the vehicle.

With a view to minimum possible expense, the piston of each cylinder secured for example to the main chassis is connected advantageously with only one rod coupled to the bogie, which rod in this case acts as draw and thrust rod. However it can also be connected with two rods coupled to the bogie, which are then subjected only to traction stress, for example in that the ends of two vertical levers mounted before and behind the cylinder in the main chassis are articulated to these rods, which levers in turn are operatively connected with the ends of the through-passing piston rod. In order in this case to diminish the radial stressing of the piston rod guide bushes by the vertical spring play between bogie and main chassis, the piston rod ends are expediently provided with appropriate rollers. The rollers have some clearance from the vertical levers, so that according to the direction of travel only the lever coupled to the rod which is subjected to traction stress bears operatively on the piston rod, while the opposite lever has clearance from the piston rod.

The arrangement of the apparatus can also take place in such a way that the hydraulic cylinders with the corresponding connection conduits and accessories are installed in the bogie and the draw rods are coupled to the two ends of the piston rods and to the main chassis, with some clearance in each case.

In the case of hydraulic cylinders installed in the bogie, it is likewise possible to make only one Cardanjointed rod suffice for the force transmission in each case. In this case the rod is again subjected to traction and thrust stress.

The stated solutions with rods subjected only to traction have the additional advantage that by suitable oblique placing of these rods in a manner known per se it is possible to achieve a reduction of the axle loading.

Due to the type of force transmission as described which can be designated as hydraulic compensating linkage at every pivoting of the bogie in relation to the main chassis contrary piston movements occur in the two hydraulic cylinders with corresponding compensation of the hydraulic fluid in the working chambers through the connection conduits. These can be laid as pipe conduits without particular expense so that they do not obstruct other components in the bogie and main chassis. The possibility of a favorable design of the drive and braking elements thus obtained counts as one of the main advantages of the invention. The pipe conduits can further be so abundantly dimensioned in cross-section that no appreciable resistance opposes the pivoting of the bogies, apart from the slight friction between piston and cylinder wall and between the piston rods and the associated packings and guides.

The hydraulic cylinders can be secured either rigidly or articulatedly (by Cardan joints or merely elastically). To preserve the lubricated guide, formed as slide bush in the cylinder head, and the packing of the piston rods, furthermore a cross-head-type guide can be provided for these outside the cylinder.

An articulated connection between bogie and main chassis of bogietype rail vehicles is known which cornprises hydraulic cylinders secured on the main chassis symmetrically of the vertical longitudinal central plane, the pistons of which are connected through articulation systems with the bogie, while the working chambers of two cylinders lying mutually oppositely on the two sides of the vehicle are in conduit connection with one another, which articulated connection likewise serves for the transmission of the traction and braking forces.

In this known apparatus however for the articulation of each bogie there are not provided two double-acting hydraulic cylinders, but four single-acting hydraulic cylinders, two cylinders being arranged on each side of the vehicle, the pistons of which are connected with the bogie through one common articulation system movable only in the horizontal plane and through a lateral pivot journal. It is therefore considerably more expensive and furthermore usable only for vehicles with main chassis supported without spring suspension on the bogies; moreover in the pivoting of the bogie deformations necessarily occur and thus return forces occur which render high-speed travel in curves practically impossible.

In the relatively rough operation in rail vehicle traffic, leakage losses in the hydraulic system cannot be entirely avoided. To a limited extent such leakage losses can be automatically compensated by the fact that the connection conduits are provided with elastically acting pressure reservoirs. These pressure reservoirs can be formed as cylinders with simple piston or piston formed as pressure booster and with loading springs of steel or rubber, however also as corrugated tubes, gas pressure reservoirs and finally equally as reservoirs with elastic diaphragms. They also have the task of protecting the hydraulic system against excessive pressure variations as a result of the variations of cross-section and volume caused by temperature fluctuations. In every case a certain initial pressure stress must be maintained so that the packings in the cylinders remain capable of functioning. I

In further development of the invention, supply and discharge valves and high-pressure reservoirs or delivery pumps (manual or motor pumps) are provided by which the quantity and pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the connecting conduits can be regulated, even in the case of relatively great leakage losses. Such regulation can likewise be effected automatically, for example in that in the case of a deviation of the pistons from their ideal position beyond the permissible distance tolerance, occurring as a result of leakages, the delivery pump or reservoir, the relevant supply valve and also the relevant discharge valve are actuated by elec- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show three further possibilities of articulation of a six-wheel bogie in partial lateral elevations,

FIG. 5 shows the hydraulic system of a bogie articulation according to FIG. lc on a larger scale, and

FIG. 6 shows the hydraulic system of the articulation of two bogies to the main chassis.

In the drawings, in all Figures the bogies are designated in conformity by 11 and the main chassis resiliently supported on these (in known manner which therefore is not illustrated) are designated by 12, the hydraulic cylinders arranged on each of the two vehicle sides are designated by 13, 13 and the pistons movable in these and secured to through-passing piston rods 14 are designated by 15. The two

working chambers

16 and 17 of each cylinder 13, separated from one another bythe pistons 15, are filled with oil and connected through

pipe conduits

26 and 27 respectively with the corresponding working chambers 16' and 17' respectively of the cylinder 13' arranged in each case on the other side of the vehicle.

In the examples as represented in FIGS. 10, lb and 1c the hydraulic cylinders 13 are secured approximatelyin the region of the inner end wheel set of the bogie ll beneath the lateral longitudinal girder of the main chassis 12, while the associated piston rods 14 are connected in each case at one end through draw and thrust rods 18 Cardan-jointed there with the lateral longitudinal girders of the bogie l1, namely in the vertical transverse central plane thereof. In the example according to FIG. lb the connection joint between the piston rod 14 and the draw and thrust rod 18 has a tromagnetic position-control devices. In addition the unacceptable piston deviation and also the automatically effected correction can be ascertained and examined in the driving cabin of the self-propelled vehicle by means of connected luminous signals.

With a view to the elastic force transmission which is desirable in every case the spring storage means can be designed and (limitedly) adjusted in accordance with the demands of the various kinds of vehicles. For example greater elasticity in the traction force transmission is greatly desired for electric locomotives to protect the driving motors in the case of difficult starting conditions.

In order to protect the hydraulic system against excessive pressure forces which can occur for example in the case of heavy impacts of the vehicle, the connection conduits are provided with safety valves.

The invention will be explained in greater detail hereinafter by reference to various examples of embodiment thereof which are illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIGS. 10 and lb show two different articulations of a six-wheel bogie to the main chassis of an electric bogie locomotive, in lateral elevation,

FIG. 1c shows the articulation of the bogie as represented in FIG. la, in planview,

cross-head-type guide 20 on the main chassis 12, in order to protect the piston rod packings in the cylinder head. 7

The traction and braking forces occurring between the wheels 21 whose axles mount motor 25 and the rail 22 are transmitted by the lateral longitudinal girders of the bogie 11 through thedraw and thrust rods 18, the piston rods 14 and the pistons 15 and thence through the hydraulic oil in the working chambers 16 or 17 (according to the direction of force) of the cylinders 13 to the main chassis 12. The pivoting of the bogies in relation to the main chassis during curve travel is rendered possible by the fact that the pistons 15 and 15' of the cylinders 13 and 13', which lie opposite to one another on the two sides of the vehicle, can move in opposite directions, in which action the quantities of oil displaced from the diminishing working chambers flow through the

conduits

26 and 27 into the corresponding working chambers on the other side of the vehicle which enlarge by the same amount. Further movements between bogies and main chassis, for example in the vertical direction, in the horizontal transverse direction, also pitching and rolling movements, can take place in known manner against the return forces of what are called Flexicoil" helical springs.

In the example of embodiment as represented in FIG. 2 the hydraulic cylinder 13 is likewise secured beneath the lateral longitudinal girder of the main chassis 1 2, admittedly not in the region of an end wheel set-of the bogie 11, but in the vertical transverse central plane thereof. The associated piston rod 14 carries rollers 24 at the two ends and is operatively connected through these with vertical levers 23 mounted one before and one behind the cylinder 13 in the main chassis 12, the lower ends of which levers are articulated through a draw rod 18 beneath the cylinder 13 to the lateral longitudinal girder of the bogie 11. The rollers 24 have some play s in relation to the vertical levers 23, so that in the case for example of the drive of the bogie 11 to the right, as illustrated in FIG. 2, only the left of the two draw rods 18 presses the associated vertical lever 23 against the roller 24 at the left end of the piston rod 14, while the roller 24 fitted at the right end has the clearance s from the neighboring vertical lever 23. The right draw rod 18 therefore cannot be subjected to pressure stress.

In the examples of embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 the hydraulic cylinder 13 is secured in the transverse central plane of the bogie 11 beneath its lateral longitudinal girder, while the associated piston rod 14 is articulated either at both ends (FIG. 3) or only at one end (FIG. 4) through a draw rod in each case or respectively through a draw and thrust rod 18 to the lateral longitudinal girder of the main chassis 12. In the former case again a longitudinal clearance s is provided in order to avoid the draw rods 18 also being subjectable to the pressure stress. In both cases the traction and braking forces occurring between the wheels 21 and the rail 22 act firstly on the cylinder 13 and are thence transmitted hydraulically to the piston rod 14 and then through the draw and/or thrust rods 18 to the main chassis.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show the hydraulic systems in embodiments which take account of the actual operational requirements. In the example according to FIG. 5 each of the connecting

conduits

26 and 27 between the mutually corresponding working chambers 16 and 16' and the chambers 17 and 17' respectively of the two hydraulic cylinders 13 and 13' is connected with an elastically acting pressure reservoir 28 which is formed as cylinder with a piston 30 loaded by a helical spring 29, also with a safety valve 31 and a non-return valve 32 for the topping up of the hydraulic oil.

FIG. 6 shows two hydraulic systems side-by-side, each of which serves for the articulation of a bogie 11 to the main chassis 12. In this case a gas pressure reservoir 33 with safety valve 34 is connected to each of the four connecting conduits. Moreover for the compensation of greater leakage losses a common larger gas pressure reservoir 35 (or a delivery pump) is provided which is connected to each of the four connecting conduits through a non-return valve 36 and a supply valve 37 in each case. Moreover each connecting conduit is provided with a discharge valve 38. The

valves

37 and 38 are formed as magnetic valves and can therefore be switched on automatically by electromagnetic position control devices, as soon as the pistons 15 in the hydraulic cylinders 13 deviate too greatly from their ideal position (in the center of the cylinder in straight-ahead travel).

What we claim is:

1. An apparatus for the transmission of the traction and braking forces between a bogie without pivot and the main chassis, resiliently supported thereon, of bogie-type rail vehicles, by means of draw and/or thrust rods which are coupled to the two sides of the vehicle in such a way that pivoting of the bogie about a vertical axis is possible, the improvement therewith comprising that on one of the two vehicle parts, double-acting hydraulic cylinder means including reciprocable pistons are connected with the draw and/or thrust rods coupled to the other part of the vehicle, and including two working chambers of each cylinder means, and conduit connection means joined particularly with the corresponding working chambers of the cylinder means respectively arranged in each case on the other side of the vehicle.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, in which means forming elastically acting pressure reservoirs are provided with each conduit connection means, each of said pressure reservoirs being adapted to be refilled.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2, in which supply and discharge valves are provided in said connection conduit means, and regulating means by which the quantity and pressure of the hydraulic fluid in said conduit connection means can be regulated in case of need, for example for the compensation of leakage losses.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3, in which safety valves are provided with said connection conduit means.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1, in which an operator cab is provided including luminous signals actuated through electric contacts on the hydraulic cylinder means for the indication of unacceptably great deviations of the pistons from their middle positions.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1, in which a measurement scale for the examination of the actual position of the piston in the cylinder means is provided adjoining the piston rod for each hydraulic cylinder means.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 317190153 Dated March 6, 1973 Inventor(s) FRIEDRICH SCHUMACHER It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

On the cover sheet [54] and column 1, line 1, "HYDRAULICALLY DAMPENED CAR BOGIE" should read HYDRAU LI [C BOGIE PULLING ND BRAKING APPARATUS On the cover sheet, insert [30] Claims Foreign Priority Data Cermany I P 20 00 747.0 'Jan. 9, 1970 Signed and sealed this 20th day of November 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. RENE D. TEGTMEYER Attesting Officer I Acting Commissioner of Patents USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 j U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I919 O-QGE-SSI.

FORM PO-IOSO (10-69)