US3717844A - Process of high reliability for communications between a master installation and secondary installations and device for carrying out this process - Google Patents

Process of high reliability for communications between a master installation and secondary installations and device for carrying out this process Download PDF

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US3717844A
US3717844A US00025017A US3717844DA US3717844A US 3717844 A US3717844 A US 3717844A US 00025017 A US00025017 A US 00025017A US 3717844D A US3717844D A US 3717844DA US 3717844 A US3717844 A US 3717844A
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Prior art keywords
installation
message
frequency
messages
sequence
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US00025017A
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English (en)
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J Barret
G Jourdan
J Harbonn
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
    • G08C23/02—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic waves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0025—Crystal modifications; Special X-ray patterns
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H04Q9/08—Calling by using continuous ac
    • H04Q9/12—Calling by using continuous ac using combinations of frequencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S367/00—Communications, electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices
    • Y10S367/901—Noise or unwanted signal reduction in nonseismic receiving system

Definitions

  • the apparatus for carrying out this process includes in combination a number of means providing for a high reliability of the transmission.
  • the present invention relates to a process of high reliability for communications between a main or master installation and one or several secondary or slave installations, and to a device for carrying out this process.
  • the transmission of messages between the installations may be carried out in the form of signals flowing along an electric cable, or signals carried by electromagnetic or acoustic waves, or also by using successively signals of these different types all along the path between the installations.
  • the frequency bandwidth necessary for the transmission is very affected through noises and interferences due to other transmissions.
  • the transmissions may also be affected through reflections from the waterbottom or from mobile screens constituted, for example, by fish shoals, tracks of ships, submarines etc and thus the message picked up by the receiving installation is not identical with that transmitted from the transmittin g station.
  • the secondary installation must not execute a received instruction which has not been correctly understood, or which is different from the instruction transmitted from the master installation.
  • An essential object of the present invention is accordingly to provide a new process permitting an increase in the reliability of the transmission, through acoustic signals, of informations and instructions between a master installation and a plurality of underwater secondary installations, in order to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art processes and an apparatus for carrying out this new process.
  • the process according to the invention for transmitting messages constituted by signals, between two installations is in particular characterized by the combination of the two following steps a. transmitting from one of said installations messages comprising at least one sequence of signals containing at least one element of information, this element of information being numerically coded by amplitude modulation of a carrier wave through at least one subcarrier oscillation, giving to the frequency of said subcarrier oscillation a coded value selected from at least two distinct values, close to the value of a basic frequency of said subcarrier oscillation, and
  • each sequence of a message from an installation is transmitted over a period of at least 1 second and preferably more than 1.5 second and the signals contained in this sequence are detected at another installation only after stationary conditions of reception of this sequence at this other installation have been established.
  • sequences which constitute a message having the above-indicated characteristics may be read at the receiving station in their order of transmission, it will be possible to include in each sequence of the message an element of information representative of a serial number of this sequence in the transmitted message, this serial number being preferably also defined by the value of the frequency of at least one subcarrier oscillation.
  • a device for carrying out the process according to the present invention is in particular characterized in that it comprises in combination means for transmitting, from one of the installations, messages including at least one sequence of signals which contains at least one element of information, means for generating a carrier wave and means for generating at least one subcarrier oscillation, means for amplitude modulation of said carrier wawe by said subcarrier oscillation, means for numerically coding said element of information, by giving the frequency of said subcarrier oscillation a coded value selected from at least two values close to a basic frequency of said subcarrier oscillation and means located at another installation for determining the value of the frequency of said subcarrier oscillation, this frequency being representative of the numerical value of said element of information.
  • the device for carrying out the process of the invention will include means for detecting the signals contained in each sequence exclusively after stationary conditions of reception of said sequence have been established.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1D illustrate non-limitative examples of application of the invention to the remote control of an underwater oil installation, such as an underwater oil wellhead, from a master installation.
  • FIG. 2 A diagrammatically illustrates the part of the receiving device equipping an underwater wellhead, which analyzes the messages received from the main installation.
  • FIG. 2 E diagrammatically illustrates the part of the device equipping the wellhead, which provides for the execution of the instructions received from the master installation and the means for transmitting messages from the wellhead.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the constitution of a call message followed by an address message transmitted from the master installation.
  • FIG. 4 represents diagrammatically the constitution of a ready-to-operate message transmitted from the wellhead, in response to the address message to this wellhead.
  • FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically the transmitterreceiver device equipping the master installation.
  • the master installation P is located on a floating structure 101 positioned above an underwater wellhead 102 equipped with a secondary installation T, adapted to control elements of the wellhead, at the reception of messages constituted by acoustic signals emanating from the master installation.
  • the master installation P is located onboard a control ship 103, wherefrom are controlled the elements of the wellheads of a producing oil field, through submerged secondary installations T .T, .T,
  • FIGS. 1 C and 1 D illustrate other embodiments of the system illustrated in FIG. 1B.
  • FIG. 1 C corresponds to the case where the oil field is located not very far away from the shore 105 whereonis placed the master installation P
  • FIG. 1 D corresponds to the case where the oil field is located far away from the shore and the main installation equips a platform 104 fixed on the water bottom.
  • conversations must be established by transmitting messages constituted by acoustic signals between the master installation P and each of the underwater installations, such as T taken individually, ordering to these installations to control a plurality of regulating members, such as valves, and
  • the master installation must be able to converse selectively with any of the wellheads and with only one at each time, through the intermediary of a secondary installation T, associated with this wellhead.
  • a characteristic address is assigned to each wellhead;
  • each wellhead must have a permanent watching condition or state of reduced activity for listening whether any message is transmitted.
  • the value of the frequency F of the acoustic carrier wave has been chosen equal to 30 kHz for the transmissions both from the master installation and from the secondary installations, in view of the following requirements,
  • the number and the values of the basic subcarrier frequencies which can be used for coding the informations are limited on the one hand by the choice of the value of the carrier frequency, fixed at 30 kHz and, on the other hand, by the need of reducing the frequency bandwidth which is used, in order to decrease the sensitivity to noises.
  • each message the elements of information have been coded in a binary form, by means of the frequencies of the modulating subcarrier oscillations, using a plurality of basic subcarrier oscillations and for each of these oscillations two values of the frequency, symmetrical with respect to the frequency of the basic oscillation, i.e., a minimum frequency which represents the value zero of the element of information, and a maximum frequency representing the value 1, in such a way that these two values cannot be present at the same time.
  • F F F and F respectively equal to 400 Hz, 560 Hz, 730 Hz and 960 Hz so as to transmit, by means of the above-indicated binary code, eight elements of information, only the pressure measurements being transmitted in the form of analogical signals.
  • the above frequencies are standard frequencies (IRIG system) which have been selected so as to make impossible any confusion between-these frequencies of intermodulation of these frequencies.
  • the messages are transmitted from the master station to the wellheads according to the following pattern:
  • order or instruction signals are transmitted. These order signals may consist of instructions to be executed (opening or closing of valves, resetting to a condition of reduced activity), or interrogations regarding positions characterizing the condition of the wellhead.
  • FIG. 3 shows a call message followed with an address message for a wellhead, transmitted from the master station.
  • the call message 12 has in this embodiment a duration t, of 3 seconds. It is constituted by the pure carrier wave at the frequency F and is characterized by the absence of all of the modulating subcarrier freqencies F,, F,, F and F.
  • the address message 13 represents the address of the wellhead with which it is desired to established a conversation.
  • This address consists of four sequences 13 a, 13 b, 13 c and 13 d, having the same duration t equal, for example, to two seconds.
  • Each sequence- is characterized in that it contains the carrier wave at the frequency F, amplitude modulated simultaneously by the four subcarrier frequencies F to F; all of the same amplitude while the frequency of each oscillation may take, as already indibated, any of the two values symmetrical with respect to the basic frequency.
  • the values of the frequencies F and F are characteristic of the address and the frequencies F and F, are characteristic of the order of transmission of the sequences, so that at their reception the sequences can be read in the same order as at their transmission.
  • FIG. 2 A shows diagrammatically the receiving part of the apparatus equipping an underwater wellhead, which detects the messages received from the master station.
  • the hydrophone l of this installation (FIG. 1 D) is directed substantially toward the selected wellhead T,.
  • a call message transmitted from the master station P is picked up by this wellhead and by the adjacent wellheads.
  • the message picked up by the hydrophone 2 (FIG. 2 A) is transmitted through the transmission-reception switching device 3 and the cable 131 to the receiver 4 whose sensitivity is preadjusted by the sensitivity switch 5.
  • the preadjusted by the switch 5 is effected before immersion of the secondary installation T
  • an automatic gain control device of a type well-known to those skilled in the art, incorporated in the receiver 4, adjusts the sensitivity as a function of the signals picked up by the hydrophone 2 after demodulation at 6, the signal is transmitted to the filters 7, 8,9 and 10 through cables 47 to 50 respectively and to the watching device 11 through cable 46.
  • the filters 7 to 10 are tuned to the basic values of the subcarrier frequencies F, to F respectively.
  • the call message 12 (FIG. 3) received by the watching device 11 is only identified as such if it contains none of the four modulating subcarrier frequencies F, to F The absence of these frequencies is detected at the output of the filters 7 to 10, through the detecting devices 14 to 17 respectively, which deliver corresponding signals to the device 11 through cables 51 to 54 respectively.
  • the device 11 is of the AND gate type, adapted to validate the call message only when signals are simultaneously received through cable 46 and cables 51 to 54.
  • the device 11 When the validation of the call signal has been effected during a time interval greater than t t being for example equal to 2 seconds, the device 11 delivers a signal.
  • This signal transmitted through cable 55 to the memory 26, places the latter in a state of reception and actuates a retarding device (which may be a part of the device 11) whose retarding time t has for example been set at 11 seconds, so as to permit the analyzing of the following message.
  • This retarding device will put the secondary installation back to its condition of reduced activity, for example by interrupting the electric supply of the installation, except for the part thereof which must receive the call messages, if the remainder of the message, constituting the address message 13 (FIG. 3) is not identical with the address of the wellhead.
  • each of the basic modulating subcarrier frequencies F to F is selected by the corresponding filter 7, 8, 9 or 10 and transmitted to the discriminators 18 to 21, which may be of a known type, through cables 56 to 59 respectively.
  • the use of discriminators makes it possible to decrease the sensitivity to noises or signals whose frequencies are close to that of the signal which must be detected.
  • the informations transmitted by each basic modulating subcarrier frequency are numerically coded according to a binary code, using two frequencies whose values are symmetrical with respect to the value of the basic subcarrier frequency, i.e., a minimum frequency representing the value zero of the element of information represented by this modulating frequency and a maximum frequency representing the value 1 (the frequency interval between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency being for example 60 Hz for each of the subcarrier frequencies).
  • Each discriminator supplies a signal at one of its output terminals, in relation with the value of the received modulating subcarrier frequency: the signal appears at a first of these terminals if this frequency has its maximum value or at the second terminal if the value of this frequency is minimum, since, as indicated hereinabove, the maximum value of each modulating subcarrier frequency and its minimum value, cannot be found at the same time.
  • the signals which, in the different received sequences, characterize the numerical values of the elements of information contained in these sequences, are supplied by the discriminators 20 and 21 corresponding respectively to the basic modulating subcarrier frequencies F and F and are transmitted through cables 64 to 67 to the memory 26 wherein they are recorded after validation of the sequence to which they belong, this validation being effected by the device 22 as described hereinunder.
  • the signals characterizing the serial number of the sequence which are generated by the discriminators 18 and 19 corresponding to the basic modulating subcarrier frequencies F and F are transmitted through cables 60 to 63 to the device 23 for decoding the serial number, which may be of a known type. After decoding, the information characterizing the serial number of the sequence are transmitted through cables 77 to 80 to the memory 26, wherein they are recorded after validation of the sequence by the device 22.
  • the delivering, at each of the two pairs (77, 78; 79,80) of output terminals of the device 23, of signals characterizing the serial number of the analyzed sequence is indicated to the sampling device 106 by a device of the type OR inclusive gate incorporated to the device 23 through cable 109 and causes, through a derivation with respect to time, the generation by the device 106 of a sampling pulse delivered through a retarding device, when a time interval has elapsed from the beginning of the sequence.
  • This pulse transmitted to the memory 26 through cable 107, a gate 25 and cable 108, controls the recording of the informations emanating from the discriminators 18 to 21 through bistable devices of the memory 26, whereby the informations delivered by the discriminators 20 and 21 are recorded in this memory as a function of the informations emanating from the discriminators 18 and 19 characterizing the serial number of the sequence.
  • the sampling signal generated by the device 106 cannot control the recording of the informations contained in the analyzed sequence unless the gate 25 is opened.
  • This gate is controlled by a safety device 22 which has an essential function in the operation of the whole device. It receives through cables 68 to 75 the signals delivered at each of the output terminals of discriminators 18 to 21. It ascertains, over the whole duration of the analysis of each sequence, first that each discriminator delivers a signal (using for example a gate AND), thus making sure that all the modulating subcarrier frequencies are present and secondly that, during each sequence and specially at the instant of the sampling, each discriminator delivers an output signal at only one of its output terminals for the above indicated reasons (using for example circuits of the type OR exclusive gate).
  • the safety device 22 validates the sequence by delivering a signal which is transmitted through cable 76 and opens gate 25, thus making it possible for the sampling signal emanating from the device 106 to actuate the recording of the information contained in the the informations contained in the sequence, the safety device 22 does not actuate the gate 25 and consequently the informations are not recorded in memory 26.
  • the sampling device 106 receives, through cable 114 connected to the transmitting means of the installation, a signal which precludes any sampling during the periods of transmission of messages from the underwater installation and also during a given time interval after the transmission. In that way, signals which may be produced in the receiver during the transmission periods, or those resulting from parasitic reflections due to obstacles present in the vicinity of the underwater installations, for example, are not analyzed through the underwater installation.
  • the sampling signal is also used for actuating a device 24 for automatically setting the installation into a condition of reduced activity, whose operation is described below.
  • the four sequences 13 a to 13 d (FIG. 3) constituting the address message have been analyzed and recorded in the memory 26, as explained hereinabove, the address received by the underwater installation is transmitted to the device 28 for decoding the address. If the received address is not identical with that assigned to the wellhead or, this being equivalent, if this address is erroneous, for example due to the lack of one sequence, the device 28 for decoding the address does not deliver any signal and the retarding device forming part of the watching device 11 resets the secondary installation to its condition of reduced activity, after a time interval i has elapsed from the beginning of reception of the address, for example by interrupting the power supply of this installation.
  • the device 28 delivers, on the one hand, a signal to the energizing device 30 through cable 82 and, on the other hand, locks through cable 133 the delay device in the watching device 11 thus preventing it to reset the underwater installation to its position of reduced activity.
  • the energizing device 30 energizes through cable 83 the control device 31 of the valves or other regulating members of the wellhead, i.e., places this control device into a condition wherein it is able to execute the instructions which will be received subsequently and actuates through cable 111, the device 34 controlling the emission.
  • the underwater installation thus energized transmits then to the master station a message indicating that it is ready to operate, such a message being shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4.
  • the first part of this message is constituted by the address, as indicated hereinabove.
  • the second part comprises two sequences, 36 and 37 successively, which characterize the condition of the wellhead.
  • the sequence 36 indicates in analogical form an information such as a pressure measurement in the wellhead.
  • This sequence is characterized in that it comprises the carrier wave at the frequency F, amplitude modulated by a single subcarrier oscillation of constant amplitude, for example that of frequency F any other frequency being excluded.
  • This subcarrier oscillation is linearly frequency modulated between two predetermined values of the frequency, as a function of the transmitted information.
  • the sequence 37 indicates the position of regulating members of the wellhead, such as valves. This position is indicated with a binary code, using the four basic subcarrier frequencies F to F, simultaneously, according to a predetermined code.
  • the number of regulating members of the wellhead to be controlled is at most equal to the number of basic subcarrier frequencies it will be for example possible to assign to each regulating member one of these subcarrier frequencies whose minimum value may represent a first condition of this member, for example the closed condition, if this regulating member is a valve, while the maximum value may represent its open condition.
  • the ready-to-operate message can be transmitted as soon as the energizing device 30 has been actuated, this device then delivering through cable 111 a signal energizing the device 34 which controls the emission from the secondary installation.
  • the address of the energized wellhead, displayed on the device 28 is transmitted through cables 115 to 122 to the device 33 for coding the address, wherein this address is coded, this device being for example of a known type.
  • the pressure in the wellhead is measured in the form of an electric voltage through a device which may be of a conventional type and is not illustrated in the drawing.
  • This voltage is supplied at 84 to the voltagefrequency transducing device 32, which generates an oscillating signal, whose frequency varies linearly as a function of the pressure.
  • this frequency may vary between the values F 25 Hz and F, +25 Hz, the so-defined frequency interval of 50 Hz being so selected in order to make easy the numerical displaying of the so-measured pressure.
  • this device elaborates the ready-to-operatemessage, as diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • This message is transmitted through cable 88 to th transmitter 35 connected through cable 132 to the transmission-reception switching device 3, and transmitted to the master installation through hydrophone 2.
  • the subsequent messages of instructions are not preceded by the address and comprise only one sequence of a duration of two seconds during which the 'carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the four subcarrier frequencies F to F simultaneously.
  • the instruction for opening valve Nr 1 may be coded as follows, using the four subcarrier frequencies 1 min 2 min) 3 min, 4 min,
  • the instructions for closing the valve may be represented by l mar, 2 mlm 3 min, 4 min
  • the instructions may be coded as follows p g l min, F2 min, F3 mar F4 min, closing 1 F1 max F2 mar F3 min, F4 min and so on for the following valves.
  • An interrogation may for example be represented by the code 1 mar 2 maxi 3 max: 4 max,
  • the number of basic subcarrier frequencies being limited to four, it is possible to transmit 16 different coded messages, and since two of these messages must be an interrogation message and a message for resetting the installation to a condition of reduced activity, this means that fourteen messages of instructions can be transmitted.
  • the latter is transmitted to the discriminators 18 to 21.
  • the discriminators 18 and 19 transmit their signals to memory 26 through cables 123 to 126, while the discriminators 20 and 21 transmit their signals to the memory 26 through cables 64 to 67. These signals are recorded by the memory after validation of the sequence by the device 22, as above-indicated in connection with the address message.
  • the signals delivered by the discriminators 18 and 19 are furthermore transmitted to the decoding device 23 to permit the elabora tion of the sampling pulse, as previously indicated, but are not taken into consideration for the transcription of the instruction message into the memory. Only the signals which are transmitted to memory 26 through cables 64 to 67 and 123 to 126 record in the memory 26 the instruction received from the master installation.
  • This device 31 then actuates a device for performing the desired operations on the valves.
  • this message is transmitted from memory 26 to the device 29 for decoding the interrogation, through cables 127 to 130, the device 29 then delivering a signal transmitted through cable 90 to the device 34 which elaborates a message in response to the interrogation and controls the transmission of this message from the secondary installation.
  • This message is constituted by two sequences identical to the above-described sequences 36 and 37 and indicating respectively the pressure value and the position of the valves.
  • the message transmitted from memory 26 through cables 131 to 134 is decoded by the device 27 for decoding such messages.
  • the device 27 delivers through cable 91 a signal which unlocks the retarding means of the watching device 11, previously locked when the installation has been placed in condition of conversation with the master station.
  • the device 27 also delivers a signal which, through cable 112, actuates the device 34, thus causing the transmission of a message indicating the return of the installation to its condition of reduced activity.
  • This message is for example constituted by transmitting during two seconds the carrier wave simultaneously modulated by the four subcarrier oscillations having their minimum frequency value.
  • the master station cannot start to converse with another underwater installation before it has received the response message indicating that the preceding underwater installation with which this master installation was conversing has returned to its condition of reduced activity.
  • the device 24 for automatic setting to the condition of reduced activity (FIG. 2 A) is an important safety element.
  • the device 24 actuates automatically the resetting of the station to its condition of reduced activity.
  • This device comprises, for example, a capacitor connected to a charging circuit having a charging time, necessary to reach a critical voltage, equal to t (t 2 minutes, for example).
  • This circuit is actuated by the sampling pulse emanating from 106, which, through cable 110, discharges the capacitor every time the analyzed sequence is validated through the safety device 22 which opens gate 25.
  • the device 24 transmits to memory 26 the instruction for resetting to the condition of reduced activity, through cable 81.
  • FIG. shows diagrammatically the apparatus on the master installation at the surface, this apparatus being for a great part similar to that at an underwater installation.
  • the device 45 controlling the emission of the call and address messages acts upon the device 33 a for decoding the address.
  • the coded address of the well head with which it is desired to converse is transmitted through cable 92 to the device 34 a, controlling the emission, which then elaborates a call followed with an address message of the type shown by FIG. 3, while through a mechanical connection 113 the address of the called wellhead is recorded in the device 28 a for decoding the address.
  • the signalling device 38 After reception of the first part of the ready-tooperate message reproducing the address of the called wellhead, the signalling device 38 displays the identity of the energized underwater installation after its address has been decoded in device 28 a.
  • the second part of the ready-to-operate constituted by the sequences 36 and 37 (FIG. 4) is identified by the device 40 detecting the presence of the analogical information.
  • This device 40 which is of the AND gate type simultaneously ascertains the absence of the modulating subcarrier frequencies F F F and the presence of the subcarrier frequency F carrying the analogical information.
  • This signal validating the indication is delivered both to the device 42 for reading the analogical information and to the device 44 for remotes indication of the positions of the valves of the called wellhead, so that this device 44 be ready to display the information concerning the position of the valves, which will follow the analogical measurement.
  • the analogical measurement received through cable 94, decoded at 41 by frequency demodulation, can thus be read on device 42, while the informations of position, stored in 26 a, are transmitted to device 44 through cable 97.
  • the calling device 45 When the called wellhead has answered, the calling device 45 is locked through any known means, for example through mechanical means, so that no other call can be sent as long as the conversation with a wellhead is maintained.
  • the device 39 makes it possible to elaborate the coding of the instructions which must be executed through remote control from the master installation, this coding being effected in the above-indicated manner.
  • each type of message is characterized by its constitution, i.e., by its number of sequences and/or by the number of modulating subcarrier frequencies contained therein, this number being variable between zero and four in the embodiment of the invention which has been described as a non-limitative example.
  • the displaying devices of the apparatus which equips the master installation makes it possible for an operator to know at any time the position of the underwater installation with which the conversation is established, while the other wellheads are necessarily in their condition of reduced activity.
  • each sequence of signals includes an element of information representative of a serial number of said sequence in the transmitted message.
  • one of said installations effects the setting into a state of reception of another installation by transmitting a call message having a single frequency, this signal constituting a carrier wave and said signal is identified at said other installation by the presence of said single frequency exclusively in said signal.
  • sequences are constituted by a group of different basic subcarrier frequencies, wherein at least one of said sub carrier frequencies represents, according to a binary code, the value of an information, and at least one other of said subcarrier frequencies represents a serial number of .said sequence, so that two sequences differ at least by the value of at least one of said subcarrier frequencies.
  • said master installation transmits coded instructions representing operations to be carried out on at least one regulating member of said secondary installation, said instructions being transmitted to means for actuating said regulating member arranged on said secondary installation, exclusively when said secondary installation is in a condition of conversation, the instruction being coded with the frequency of the carrier wave and at the same time with all the different subcarrier frequencies of said group of subcarrier frequencies.
  • a device for transmitting messages consisting of signals between two installations, comprising in combination means for transmitting, from one of said installations, messages comprising at least one sequence of signals which contains at least one element of information, means for producing a carrier wave, means for producing at least one subcarrier oscillation, means for amplitude modulation of said carrier wave by saidsubcarrier oscillation, means for numerically coding said element of information, adapted to give the frequency of said subcarrier oscillation a coded frequency selected from at least two values close to a basic frequency of said subcarrier frequency and means determining at the other installation the value of the frequency of said subcarrier frequency, said frequency being representative of the numerical value of said element of information.
  • An apparatus comprising at a first of said installations, means for transmitting messages and at a second installation, means for receiving these messages, said receiving means including a retarding device adapted to place said second installation in a state of reception during a fixed time interval, at the receiving of a characteristic call message, said time interval being at least equal to the duration of a message of information to be transmitted to said second installation after said call message, means at said second installation for validating said message -of information, said validating means being adapted to keep said second installation in a condition of conversation with said first installation by blocking said retarding device exclusively when said message of information is validated.
  • said second installation includes means for placing automatically said second installation back into a condition of reduced activity at the end of a predetermined time interval after the receiving of each message of information and in the absence of the reception of new message of information and in the absence of the reception of new messages emanating from said first installation.
  • each of said installations includes means for transmitting sequences of acoustic signals, said sequences having a duration greater than one second and means, in combination with said transmitting means, for receiving said sequences of signals. condition of reception of said sequence has been established.
  • An apparatus includes means for controlling the transmission of a response-message containing the address of said second installation and addressed to said first installation.
  • said first installation comprises means for displaying the informations received from said second installation, in combination with means adapted to validate the sequences of said message containing informations, prior to the displaying of these informations.
  • said second installation includes means for blocking the operation of said sampling means during the transmission periods of said second installation and during a fixed time interval following each transmission period.
  • analyzing and means for recording the received messages following said call message retarding means connected to said means identifying the call signal and to said analyzing and recording means, and adapted to maintain said analyzing and recording means in operative condition during a determined time interval after receiving said validating signal
  • said analyzing means comprising means for isolating each subcarrier oscillation appearing in the messages received from said first installation, discriminating means, connected to said isolating means and adapted to detect the value of the frequency of each subcarrier frequency contained in each sequence of a message received from said first installation, said value being representative of the value of an element of information, said discriminating means being con nected to said recording means, means for decoding the serial number of each sequence of the call message connected to said recording means, means for sampling the value
  • said second installation includes means for returning said second installation to a condition of reduced activity, said last mentioned means being connected to said retarding means, to said recording means and to said transmitting means and adapted to produce, at the reception of a message for returning the installation to a condition of reduced activity, a signal for releasing said retarding means and a signal for producing the transmission of a message indicating the return of said second installation to its condition of reduced activity.
  • said first installation includes means for transmitting messages containing instructions for said second instal lation, said messages of instruction including at least one sequence containing at least one element of information numerically coded, by the value of the frequency of said subcarrier oscillation amplitude modulating said carrier wave
  • said second installation including means for controlling regulating members of said second installation, said controlling means being connected to said means for recording messages emanating from said first installation and to said energization means and adapted to deliver control signals for said regulating members, in response to said messages, exclusively when a signal produced by said energization means, at the receiving of an energizing signal, and a message of instructions emanating from said first installation and transmitted from said recording means are simultaneously received.

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US00025017A 1969-04-03 1970-04-02 Process of high reliability for communications between a master installation and secondary installations and device for carrying out this process Expired - Lifetime US3717844A (en)

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CA923216A (en) 1973-03-20
SE380957B (sv) 1975-11-17
BE747972A (fr) 1970-08-31
NL7004769A (sv) 1970-10-06
FR2040580A5 (sv) 1971-01-22
DE2015773A1 (de) 1970-10-15
GB1310411A (en) 1973-03-21

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