US3713331A - Apparatus for the determination of internal combustion engine compression pressure - Google Patents
Apparatus for the determination of internal combustion engine compression pressure Download PDFInfo
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- US3713331A US3713331A US00116957A US3713331DA US3713331A US 3713331 A US3713331 A US 3713331A US 00116957 A US00116957 A US 00116957A US 3713331D A US3713331D A US 3713331DA US 3713331 A US3713331 A US 3713331A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/08—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically
- G01L23/085—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically by measuring fluctuations of starter motor current or of battery voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process and apparatus for the determination of the compression pressure-of internal combustion engines equipped with "a starter.
- the embodiment described herein is directed to internal combustion engines for motor vehicles, but the invention can be also used in the case of stationary engines. Under some uncontrolled conditions only a qualitative determination of the compression pressure will be possible; if, however, the measurement is taken at a given engine temperature, thenit is possible to obtain reproducible values and a quantitative measurement is possible.
- the process according to the invention which permits the determination of the compression pressure without removing the spark plug, is characterized in that the strength of the starting current, or a value related to it, is utilized as a measure of the compression pressure by storing such values for each cylinder of the engine.
- the invention is based onthe realization that, since the torque produced by the starter is a function of the starting current and proportional to the cmpression pressure, there also exists an unequivocal relationship between the starting current and the compression pressure in each of the combustion chambers.
- the timing or synchronizing control for the storage of the data may be obtained from the starting impulses of the engine. This will be explained in detail in the following description of an embodiment for performing the process according to the invention.
- the strength of the starting current is determined as the voltage drop on a ground line of the starting voltage source.
- This ground connection may comprise a relatively low ohmic resistance; however, it is also possible to utilize the resistance of the ground connection itself, which usually is made of copper mesh or some other good conductive material as normally found in motor vehicles.
- the timing or synchronization control of the data storage comprises signals corresponding to the starting impulses of all cylinders of the engine which impulses are fed to the input of a gate circuit. lmpulses corresponding to a selected cylinder are also fed to another input of the gate circuit so that the gate circuit generates control signals to successively feed data from each cylinder only when the impulse and data of a given cylinder are simultaneously present at the gate input. Coordinating signals are therefore obtained in a particularly simple manner, which signals will serve to assure an unequivocal coordination between the individual stored values on the one hand and the pertinent cylinders on the other hand. As a rule, the first cylinder of an engine is used to provide the coordinating signals.
- At least the signals corresponding to the starting impulses of the coordinating cylinder are taken from its ignition cable by means of a capacitive or inductive transmitter known per se. Otherwise the starting impulses of each cylinder can be obtained from the electric installation of the engine, such as the distributor, for example.
- the gate circuit contains a NAND gate, to the input of which signals of a predetermined duration are released by the starting impulses of the coorvmulator to the input of th e gate.
- a holding circuit triggered by the signals corresponding to the starting impulses of the coordinating cylinder, is connected in series with the input of the NAND gate to control that gate to provide quantitative compression data for a complete starting cycle of the engine cylinders.
- This holding circuit may simply consist of a mono-stable sweep stage with synchronized timing.
- a reliable level of the compression pressure and thus a reliable measurement of the characteristics and the operational state of the engine, can be obtained only after an initial delay period during which the engine is cranked. Therefore, it may be practical to provide a delay circuit which will make possible the release of the storing atrangement only after a sufficient delay required for the stabilization of the engine compression pressures to stabilize.
- the storage device contains one accumulator for each engine cylinder and each accumulator input receives the ignition current, or a value related to it, for example, the voltage drop at the ground line.
- Each accumulator is controlled by the output of a shift register; the input of the shift register is connected to the output of the NAND gate circuit.
- the shift register in response to the arrival of the control signals transmitted by the gate circuit, will open the individual accumulators at the required time in. the cycle for the storage of the signals from each cylinder;
- the afore'described embodiment may be modified to provide a connection between the control input of the accumulator triggered last in the cycle and an input of the NAND 'gate circuit to obtain a signal for closing the NAND gate circuit. This assures that only compression pressures are stored in the accumulators which occur in one operating cycle of the engine.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for measuring the compression of an internal combustion engine without removing the spark plugs from the cylinders thereof.
- signals corresponding to the starting impulses from all of the cylinders of the engine appear at terminal 17 and these signals are fed to input 20 of NAND gate 1 via low pass filter 18, which suppresses spurious signals, and impulse former 19 which generates a spiked pulse at its output.
- Input 21 receives impulse signals from the coordinating cylinder which are similarly filtered by filter 23 and the impulse is shaped by shaping circuit 24.
- Terminal 22 may be connected by means of an inductive or capacitive pick-up to the ignition cable of the coordinating cylinder, for example, the first cylinder of the engine.
- a main control signal, such as a start signal, is provided to input 27 of NAND gate 1.
- the NAND gate also receives a signal fed back from accumulator 5.
- Delay circuit 28 delays the initiation of the operation of NAND gate 1 for a period of time to enable ,the engine compression pressures to stabilize, for example, a delay of 4 seconds may be sufficient depending upon the type of engine and other variables;
- the successive outputs of NAND gate 1, which occur only when all of the input signals are present, are fed to shift register 6 which provides sequential control signals at terminals l3, l4, l and 16 to control the operation of accumulators 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively.
- Terminal 8 is tapped to the ground of the battery or ignition source and picks up the voltage produced by the starting impulse of each cylinder of the engine.
- the voltage drops of all the cylinders are successively fed to the inputs of accumu lators 2, 3, 4 and 5 through amplifier 7.
- the contents of accumulators 2, 3, 4 and 5 appear at output terminals 9, l0, 1 l and 12, respectively, so that they are available to be used for whatever purposes desired.
- the apparatus described above represents an assemblage of known circuit elements which are combined in a very simple manner so as to record the compression pressure of each of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. It is understood that although the above description is taken in conjunction with the measurement of the compression pressure of a four-cylinder engine, more accumulators could be added to measure the compression with a greater number of cylinders than four. It is also understood that means are known in the art to prevent ignition of the engine cylinders during the compression measurements.
- LApparatus for thedetermination of the compression pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine equipped with a starter and voltage source said apparatus having means for generating electrical signals representative of the starting current of said engine, and means for generating coordination signals from at least one of said cylinders, the improvement comprising:
- said means for gating furtherincludes a NAND gate for generating control signals for controlling the transfer of said electrical signals to said means for storing, and said means for delaying is responsive to at least one of said coordination signals to provide an input to said NAN D gate.
- Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said means for delaying includes a holding circuit triggered by said coordination signals for providing an input signal to said second input.
- said means for storing includes a storage device for storing the electrical signal for each cylinder of said engine, said electrical signals are fed to said storage devices, each of said storage devices including a control input, said means for gating further including a shift register responsive to said means for gating for generating a control signal for each of said storage devices during one complete starting cycle of said cylinders, whereby an electrical signal representative of the starting current of each of said cylinders is successively fed to a respective one of each of said storage devices.
- Apparatus as in claim 8 further comprising, an electrical connection between that storage device last controlled in said one complete starting cycle and said means for gating, and the control signal to said last controlled storage device generates therefrom a feedback signal via said electrical connection to block said means for gating.
- Apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising first and second low pass filters for respectively filtering said electrical signals and said coordination signals.
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- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The compression pressure of each of the cylinders in an internal combustion engine is represented by a voltage obtained at a tap on the ground cable of the engine and stored in a respective accumulator by control outputs from a shift register which successively activates each of the accumulators to receive the data associated with the starting current of each cylinder. The input to the shift register is fed from the output of a NAND gate having inputs representing the impulses from all the cylinders, the impulses from a cylinder selected as a synchronizing or coordinating cylinder, a main control signal, and a signal from the output of the last accumulator.
Description
United States Patent [191 Petersen et al.
[ 1 3,713,331 1 Jan. 30, 1973 [54] APPARATUS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRESSION PRESSURE [75] Inventors: Hans-Gunther Petersen, Wolfsburg; Heiko Requardt, Gifhorn, both of 21 Appl. No.: 116,957
3,421,367 1/1969 Mears et al ..73/l16 Primary Examiner-Jerry W. Myracle Attorney-Watson, Cole, Grindle & Watson [57] ABSTRACT The compression pressure of each of the cylinders in an internal combustion engine is represented by a voltage obtained at a tap on the ground cable of the engine and stored in a respective accumulator by control outputs from a shift register which successively activates each of the accumulators to receive the data associated with the starting current of each cylinder. The input to the shift register is fed from the output of a NAND gate having inputs representing the impulses 52 U.S.Cl ..73 117.2 from a" the cylinders the impulses from a cylinder [51] III. C]. ..Glm 15/00 Selected as a Synchronizing or coordinating cylinder, a [58] Fleld of Search ..73/1 16, 117.2, 235/l50.2 i control Signal, and a signal from the output of the last accumulator. [56] References Cited Claims, 1 Drawing Figure UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,639,859 5/1953 Serrell ..340/l73 R 8 9 1o 11 12 AMP DELAY AclgjMu A 'DP 3. 41B
c mm L i tg "tilt? iiiilE 2 3 4 5 HLTER tii i ik /20 21 sum REGlSTER 22 23 24 K 25 6 Hum 55.. Y
APPARATUS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE w COMPRESSION PRESSURE I .4:
The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the determination of the compression pressure-of internal combustion engines equipped with "a starter. The embodiment described herein is directed to internal combustion engines for motor vehicles, but the invention can be also used in the case of stationary engines. Under some uncontrolled conditions only a qualitative determination of the compression pressure will be possible; if, however, the measurement is taken at a given engine temperature, thenit is possible to obtain reproducible values and a quantitative measurement is possible.
The process according to the invention, which permits the determination of the compression pressure without removing the spark plug, is characterized in that the strength of the starting current, or a value related to it, is utilized as a measure of the compression pressure by storing such values for each cylinder of the engine. The invention is based onthe realization that, since the torque produced by the starter is a function of the starting current and proportional to the cmpression pressure, there also exists an unequivocal relationship between the starting current and the compression pressure in each of the combustion chambers.
The timing or synchronizing control for the storage of the data may be obtained from the starting impulses of the engine. This will be explained in detail in the following description of an embodiment for performing the process according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the strength of the starting current is determined as the voltage drop on a ground line of the starting voltage source. This ground connection may comprise a relatively low ohmic resistance; however, it is also possible to utilize the resistance of the ground connection itself, which usually is made of copper mesh or some other good conductive material as normally found in motor vehicles.
The timing or synchronization control of the data storage comprises signals corresponding to the starting impulses of all cylinders of the engine which impulses are fed to the input of a gate circuit. lmpulses corresponding to a selected cylinder are also fed to another input of the gate circuit so that the gate circuit generates control signals to successively feed data from each cylinder only when the impulse and data of a given cylinder are simultaneously present at the gate input. Coordinating signals are therefore obtained in a particularly simple manner, which signals will serve to assure an unequivocal coordination between the individual stored values on the one hand and the pertinent cylinders on the other hand. As a rule, the first cylinder of an engine is used to provide the coordinating signals. At least the signals corresponding to the starting impulses of the coordinating cylinder are taken from its ignition cable by means of a capacitive or inductive transmitter known per se. Otherwise the starting impulses of each cylinder can be obtained from the electric installation of the engine, such as the distributor, for example.
Specifically, the gate circuit contains a NAND gate, to the input of which signals of a predetermined duration are released by the starting impulses of the coorvmulator to the input of th e gate. A holding circuit, triggered by the signals corresponding to the starting impulses of the coordinating cylinder, is connected in series with the input of the NAND gate to control that gate to provide quantitative compression data for a complete starting cycle of the engine cylinders. This holding circuit may simply consist of a mono-stable sweep stage with synchronized timing. A reliable level of the compression pressure, and thus a reliable measurement of the characteristics and the operational state of the engine, can be obtained only after an initial delay period during which the engine is cranked. Therefore, it may be practical to provide a delay circuit which will make possible the release of the storing atrangement only after a sufficient delay required for the stabilization of the engine compression pressures to stabilize.
The storage device contains one accumulator for each engine cylinder and each accumulator input receives the ignition current, or a value related to it, for example, the voltage drop at the ground line. Each accumulator is controlled by the output of a shift register; the input of the shift register is connected to the output of the NAND gate circuit. The shift register, in response to the arrival of the control signals transmitted by the gate circuit, will open the individual accumulators at the required time in. the cycle for the storage of the signals from each cylinder;
The afore'described embodiment may be modified to provide a connection between the control input of the accumulator triggered last in the cycle and an input of the NAND 'gate circuit to obtain a signal for closing the NAND gate circuit. This assures that only compression pressures are stored in the accumulators which occur in one operating cycle of the engine.
It is a primary object of the invention to provide both an improved method and an apparatus for determining the compression of the individual cylinders in an internal combustion engine.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for measuring the compression of an internal combustion engine without removing the spark plugs from the cylinders thereof.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide both an improved method and apparatus for determining compression of an internal combustion engine which is simple and yet provides reproducible results so that quantitative measurements may be obtained.
Both the method and apparatus will be readily understood in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the FIGURE which illustrates the necessary circuitry for carrying out the invention.
With reference to the FIGURE, signals corresponding to the starting impulses from all of the cylinders of the engine appear at terminal 17 and these signals are fed to input 20 of NAND gate 1 via low pass filter 18, which suppresses spurious signals, and impulse former 19 which generates a spiked pulse at its output. Input 21 receives impulse signals from the coordinating cylinder which are similarly filtered by filter 23 and the impulse is shaped by shaping circuit 24. Terminal 22 may be connected by means of an inductive or capacitive pick-up to the ignition cable of the coordinating cylinder, for example, the first cylinder of the engine. A main control signal, such as a start signal, is provided to input 27 of NAND gate 1. The NAND gate also receives a signal fed back from accumulator 5. Delay circuit 28 delays the initiation of the operation of NAND gate 1 for a period of time to enable ,the engine compression pressures to stabilize, for example, a delay of 4 seconds may be sufficient depending upon the type of engine and other variables; The successive outputs of NAND gate 1, which occur only when all of the input signals are present, are fed to shift register 6 which provides sequential control signals at terminals l3, l4, l and 16 to control the operation of accumulators 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Terminal 8 is tapped to the ground of the battery or ignition source and picks up the voltage produced by the starting impulse of each cylinder of the engine. The voltage drops of all the cylinders are successively fed to the inputs of accumu lators 2, 3, 4 and 5 through amplifier 7. The contents of accumulators 2, 3, 4 and 5 appear at output terminals 9, l0, 1 l and 12, respectively, so that they are available to be used for whatever purposes desired.
The apparatus described above represents an assemblage of known circuit elements which are combined in a very simple manner so as to record the compression pressure of each of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. It is understood that although the above description is taken in conjunction with the measurement of the compression pressure of a four-cylinder engine, more accumulators could be added to measure the compression with a greater number of cylinders than four. It is also understood that means are known in the art to prevent ignition of the engine cylinders during the compression measurements.
What is claimed is:
LApparatus for thedetermination of the compression pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine equipped with a starter and voltage source, said apparatus having means for generating electrical signals representative of the starting current of said engine, and means for generating coordination signals from at least one of said cylinders, the improvement comprising:
means for storing said electrical signals,
means for gating said electrical signals to said means for storing; said means for gating including-means for delaying the gating of said electrical signals; said means for gating including a first input for receiving said electrical signals,'and a second input for receiving said coordination signals, whereby said electrical signals are transferred to said means for storing only when said means for gating has received said coordination signals and said electrical signals. 2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said electrical signals are the voltage drops in the ground line of said voltage source respectively generated by the starting current of each of said cylinders.
. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said coordination signals are generated from an electrical connection to the first cylinder of said engine.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said coordination signals are generated by an inductive or capacitative pick-up from the ignition cable of at least one of said cylinders.
5. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said means for gating furtherincludes a NAND gate for generating control signals for controlling the transfer of said electrical signals to said means for storing, and said means for delaying is responsive to at least one of said coordination signals to provide an input to said NAN D gate.
6. Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said means for delaying includes a holding circuit triggered by said coordination signals for providing an input signal to said second input.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said means for delaying provides a delay substantially equal to a time period required for the stabilization of the compression pressures of said cylinders.
8. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said means for storing includes a storage device for storing the electrical signal for each cylinder of said engine, said electrical signals are fed to said storage devices, each of said storage devices including a control input, said means for gating further including a shift register responsive to said means for gating for generating a control signal for each of said storage devices during one complete starting cycle of said cylinders, whereby an electrical signal representative of the starting current of each of said cylinders is successively fed to a respective one of each of said storage devices.
9. Apparatus as in claim 8 further comprising, an electrical connection between that storage device last controlled in said one complete starting cycle and said means for gating, and the control signal to said last controlled storage device generates therefrom a feedback signal via said electrical connection to block said means for gating.
10. Apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising first and second low pass filters for respectively filtering said electrical signals and said coordination signals.
Claims (10)
1. Apparatus for the determination of the compression pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine equipped with a starter and voltage source, said apparatus having means for generating electrical signals representative of the starting current of said engine, and means for generating coordination signals from at least one of said cylinders, the improvement comprising: means for storing said electrical signals, means for gating said electrical signals to said means for storing; said means for gating including means for delaying the gating of said electrical signals; said means for gating including a first input for receiving said electrical signals, and a second input for receiving said coordination signals, whereby said electrical signals are transferred to said means for storing only when said means for gating has received said coordination signals and said electrical signals.
1. Apparatus for the determination of the compression pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine equipped with a starter and voltage source, said apparatus having means for generating electrical signals representative of the starting current of said engine, and means for generating coordination signals from at least one of said cylinders, the improvement comprising: means for storing said electrical signals, means for gating said electrical signals to said means for storing; said means for gating including means for delaying the gating of said electrical signals; said means for gating including a first input for receiving said electrical signals, and a second input for receiving said coordination signals, whereby said electrical signals are transferred to said means for storing only when said means for gating has received said coordination signals and said electrical signals.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said electrical signals are the voltage drops in the ground line of said voltage source respectively generated by the starting current of each of said cylinders.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said coordination signals are generated from an electrical connection to the first cylinder of said engine.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said coordination signals are generated by an inductive or capacitative pick-up from the ignition cable of at least one of said cylinders.
5. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said means for gating further includes a NAND gate for generating control signals for controlling the transfer of said electrical signals to said means for storing, and said means for delaying is responsive to at least one of said coordination signals to provide an input to said NAND gate.
6. Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said means for delaying includes a holding circuit triggered by said coordination signals for providing an input signal to said second input.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1 Wherein said means for delaying provides a delay substantially equal to a time period required for the stabilization of the compression pressures of said cylinders.
8. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said means for storing includes a storage device for storing the electrical signal for each cylinder of said engine, said electrical signals are fed to said storage devices, each of said storage devices including a control input, said means for gating further including a shift register responsive to said means for gating for generating a control signal for each of said storage devices during one complete starting cycle of said cylinders, whereby an electrical signal representative of the starting current of each of said cylinders is successively fed to a respective one of each of said storage devices.
9. Apparatus as in claim 8 further comprising an electrical connection between that storage device last controlled in said one complete starting cycle and said means for gating, and the control signal to said last controlled storage device generates therefrom a feedback signal via said electrical connection to block said means for gating.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11695771A | 1971-02-19 | 1971-02-19 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US3713331A true US3713331A (en) | 1973-01-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00116957A Expired - Lifetime US3713331A (en) | 1971-02-19 | 1971-02-19 | Apparatus for the determination of internal combustion engine compression pressure |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3968425A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1976-07-06 | Rca Corporation | Measuring ignition timing using starter current |
| US4050297A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1977-09-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Measuring electrical parameters of an internal combustion engine during cranking |
| US4094190A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-06-13 | Snap-On Tools Corporation | Compression measuring apparatus |
| US4309900A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1982-01-12 | Sun Electric Corporation | Apparatus for measurement and display of relative compression by cylinder |
| US5663493A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1997-09-02 | Fluke Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring relative compression |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2639859A (en) * | 1950-11-29 | 1953-05-26 | Rca Corp | Transitory memory circuits |
| US3421367A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-01-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Compression testing method and apparatus |
-
1971
- 1971-02-19 US US00116957A patent/US3713331A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2639859A (en) * | 1950-11-29 | 1953-05-26 | Rca Corp | Transitory memory circuits |
| US3421367A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-01-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Compression testing method and apparatus |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3968425A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1976-07-06 | Rca Corporation | Measuring ignition timing using starter current |
| US4050297A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1977-09-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Measuring electrical parameters of an internal combustion engine during cranking |
| US4094190A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-06-13 | Snap-On Tools Corporation | Compression measuring apparatus |
| US4309900A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1982-01-12 | Sun Electric Corporation | Apparatus for measurement and display of relative compression by cylinder |
| US5663493A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1997-09-02 | Fluke Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring relative compression |
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