US3713047A - Oscillator with electrodynamic drive and electromagnetic detection, especially for use in an electronic clock - Google Patents

Oscillator with electrodynamic drive and electromagnetic detection, especially for use in an electronic clock Download PDF

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US3713047A
US3713047A US00095661A US3713047DA US3713047A US 3713047 A US3713047 A US 3713047A US 00095661 A US00095661 A US 00095661A US 3713047D A US3713047D A US 3713047DA US 3713047 A US3713047 A US 3713047A
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transistor
path
coil
collector
terminal
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English (en)
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E Ketterer
B Forest
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KROEWERATH S AND CO
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KROEWERATH S AND CO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/066—Constructional details, e.g. disposition of coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/042—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using mechanical coupling
    • G04C3/045—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using mechanical coupling with constant impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/069—Driving circuits using a single coil for detection and driving purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B15/00—Generation of oscillations using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, or using superconductivity effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/02—Details
    • H03B5/04—Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
    • H03B5/1221—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising multiple amplification stages connected in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors

Definitions

  • the swinging mass is formed with a I 331/154 pair of oppositely poled permanent magnets spaced 5 Int. CL 3/04, H02k 33/18, H03b 5/30 apart by a distance less than the magnetic cross-sec- [58] Field of Search.33l/1l6 M, l54;58/23 11,23 A, tion of the coil means constituting the pickup and 58/23 AC, 28 A; 310/36; 318/128, 129, 132
  • My present invention relates to a swinging-mass oscillator or electromechanical transducer for converting electrical energy into periodic mechanical move- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has already been proposed to provide means for converting electrical energy into periodic mechanical movement for operating clockworks and like systems wherein the mechanical member is coupled with a load, e.g., gearing operatively connected with the hands of a clock or watch face.
  • the present invention is concerned with such systems as make use of angular oscillation of the mechanical member and, in particular, to electrodynamic drive and electrodynamic pickup arrangements for the indicated purposes.
  • the sensing coil detects the passage of the magnetic mass and is connected through an amplifier, usually powered by an electric-energy source such as a battery, to a drive coil which electromagnetically reacts with the magnetic mass to induce further oscillations, a restoring force being supplied to maintain the angular oscillation.
  • An angular oscillator of the character described can thus be said to include a rotatably journaled mass, biased into a rest position by a restoring means such as a spring, electrodynamic drive means, e.g., a coil positioned along the path of this mass, electrodynamic sensing means for detecting the passage of the mass, and a circuit including an amplifier between the detectingcoil and the drive coil.
  • the swingable mass may include a permanent magnet poled to react with the magnetic field of the coil arrangement, the latter being energized with a timing determined by the circuitry such that oscillation of the mass is promoted.
  • One member of the generator e.g., the mass or the coil arrangement, thus constitutes the rotor while the other member, e.g., the coil arrangement or the mass, constitutes the stator.
  • the axis of the permanent magnet and the axis or axes of the coils lie substantially parallel to one another and to the axis of the angularly oscillating member and hence approximately perpendicular to the path of the relative movement of the mass and the coil arrangement.
  • the resulting system is a contactless transducer for converting electrical energy into mechanical oscillations which can be applied to a clockwork and hence offers advantages over wiper and switch systems and even mechanical timing drives.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide an electrodynamic angular-oscillation generator particularly for use in conjunction with a clockwork, in which self-blocking signals cannot arise and greater electrical efficiency is obtained.
  • the output of the coil means during the pulse-generating half cicle is characterized by a short-duration steepflank pulse flanked by two shallow opposite-polarity pulses.
  • the pulses may be used to trigger the power signal during part of a cycle and to cancel the power signal during another part of the cycle, thereby ensuring consistent operation of the oscillator without self-blocking thereof.
  • the electrodynamic oscillator of the present invention which is preferably used to operate a clockwork, comprises a moving member which is oscillatable along a generally planar path and a stationary member fixed relative to the path, the former being advantageously the rotor while the latter is the stator.
  • An electromagnetic coil means in the form of a disk is mounted on the stationary member adjacent the path and has an induction cross-section which lies in a plane parallel to that of the path and is disposed adjacent the latter.
  • the oppositely poled permanent magnets are mounted upon the swinging member and produce a magnetic field generally perpendicular to the plane of the path and adapted-to be cut by the coil.
  • the permanent magnets each have a magnetic cross-section (in a plane parallel to the plane of the path) of a width, measured along the path, which is less than the width of the induction cross-section of the coil and of a spacing less than the width of this induction cross-section as taken along the path.
  • the system operates with an amplifier means responsive to a signal induced in the coil means and adapted to produce a power signal which is applied to the coil means to drive the angularly oscillating member.
  • each of the permanent magnets is subdivided into a pair of permanent magnet portions aligned with one another and mounted on disks of magnetic permeable material flanking the disk-shaped coil such that the permanent-magnet portions extend toward the latter.
  • the coil means can include a pair of disk-shaped coils while the permanent magnets are swung along their path between these members.
  • the amplifier means comprises a pair of opposite-conductivity transistors, i.e., an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor, one constituting a power transistor while the other is a control transistor.
  • the emitter-collector circuit of the power transistor preferably includes the coil winding of the device and may be bridged by a complex voltage divider containing a series network of ohmic resistances and a capacitor (defining an RC network).
  • the signal developed at the capacitor is applied to the base of the control transistor whose emitter-collector circuit may include a voltage divider which, in turn, is tied to the base of the power transistor.
  • a diode is preferably bridged across the coil which may be connected in series with an additional collector resistor or may constitute the collector resistor for the power transistor by itself.
  • this construction permits electrical energization of the balance wheel such that a large angle of swing can be imparted to the latter between an initial position and a final rest position, this angle exceeding lSOf when the balance wheel is biased by a torsion spring and 30 when a pendulum is employed.
  • the device prevents blocking signals from impeding oscillation of the wheel and is highly compact, thereby enabling it to be used to drive a clockwork.
  • the unit is self-starting, moreover, and the power pulses may be applied, as noted below, so as to be effective in one direction only.
  • the amplifier circuitry differs from the prior art systems in that the feedback signal is derived from a complex voltage divider.
  • the triggering of the power transistor is effected by a DC coupling between the first and second stages and the second triggering pulse of each signal is nullified so that the on state of the transistor is not triggered thereby.
  • the two permanent magnets induce a high-amplitude pulse of one polarity flanked by a pair of minima constituting pulses of the opposite polarity.
  • the first of these low-amplitude pulses may be employed to trigger the power transistor into its on state and, in conventional amplifier systems used with a twopart magnetic system, the corresponding second pulse would likewise be effective to trigger the system again into an on state.
  • the circuit of the present invention excludes this possibility.
  • the time constant of the RC network is not especially critical and it suffices that this time constant is smaller than the half period of the system.
  • the undesired signal is stored and dissipated over the interval until the first pulse of the next passage of the oscillating member.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the coil and magnet system of the electrodynamic oscillator according to the present invention and a graph of the inductive output of this system as a function of the displacement of the magnet in two positions thereof;
  • FIG. 2a is a front-elevational view of the oscillator omitting unessential parts
  • FIG. 2b is a plan view of the oscillator of FIG. 2a, partly in cross section along the line IIb IIb thereof;
  • FIG. 2c is a side-elevational view partly in section along the line He IIc of FIG. 2b;
  • FIG. 2d is a view similar to FIG. 20 but illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the amplifier arrangement for the electrodynamic oscillator of FIGS. 2a 2c;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the voltage against time at the collector of the driving transistor, and measured to the negative terminal of the DC source, in which the relationship between the induced voltage to the voltage drop across the resistors upon conductivity of this transistor is apparent.
  • the disk-shaped coil 1 is shown schematically together with the circular arc-segmental path 2 of the permanent magnets 3 and 4.
  • the axis of the coil 1 is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the path and lies slightly within the path 2 while the permanent magnets 3 and 4 are approximately perpendicular to the path 2 as well and are parallel to one another and to the axis of the coil 1.
  • the permanent magnets 3 and 4 are magnetically poled in opposite directions to induce magnetic fluxes which can be visualized as running into and out of the plane of the paper as represented by the circle in magnet 4 and the cross of magnet 3.
  • the cross 5 of the latter magnet represents the tail of the arrow representing north-to-south magnetic polarization while the point 6 represents the head or tip of the arrow.
  • the prior position of the magnets 3 and 4 is represented by broken lines 7 and 8 respectively.
  • each of the permanent magnets 3, 4 has a diameter d which is small by comparison with the diameter D of the coil 1 and the electromagnetic flux generated thereby or the outlines of its turns as represented by the shaded portions in FIG. 1.
  • the center-to-center spacing of the permanent magnets 3, 4 is represented at S and is approximately equal to the diameter D as illustrated while the diameter d is preferably less than the radius 12 or 13 (winding height) of the coil.
  • the center-to-center distance S between the permanent magnets may be approximately equal to the winding height l2, 13.
  • the curve 10 represents the resultant output in terms of the position of the center point 11 intermediate the permanent magnet 3, 4.
  • the curve 10 comprises a short-duration positive pulse flanked by a pair of negative pulses, the troughs of which are symmetrically located on opposite sides of the positive maximum. These troughs will herein after be referred to as minima, the transitions between the positive pulse and the minima being steep flanks along one of which the points 14 and 15 are plotted.
  • the peak amplitude for the positive pulse is obtained when the distance between the axes of the permanent magnets 3 and 4 is approximately equal to the diameter of the coil 1 as previously indicated.
  • the device thus comprises a base plate 21 carrying the spacer columns 22 and 23 upon which the guide plate 24 is mounted.
  • a shaft 25 is journaled to carry the angularly swingable oscillator or rotor member 26.
  • the shaft 25 also carries a pair of soft magnetic (magnetically permeable) disks 27, 28 which together constitute a balance wheel and, to reduce weight, are provided with quarter-segmental cutouts 28a 28b. These cutouts also serve to reduce eddy currents which might otherwise act to damp the oscillations of the balance wheel.
  • FIG. 212 only the lower disk 28 can be seen.
  • the disks 27 and 28 carry on their underside and upper side, respectively, each a pair of small permanent magnets 29a, 29b and 30a, 30b whose induction axes are perpendicular to the path of oscillation and which are oriented as represented by the pole designation N and S, respectively.
  • the permanent magnets on the disks 27 are oppositely poled so that their South and North poles, respectively, are turned toward the coil 35 while the permanent magnets 29b and 30b of the disks 28 are poled in opposition to the permanent magnets 29a and 30a and have their North and South poles, respectively turned toward the coil.
  • Each pair of permanent magnets 29a, 29b therefore, produces lines of magnetic force which run perpendicular to the turns of the coil and are oppositely poled from the lines of magnetic force of the other pair.
  • the magnetic flux directions are represented by the arrows 31 and 32.
  • counterweights 33, 34 are provided along the side of the disks 27, 28 opposite the permanent magnets 29a, 29b and 30a, 30b, respectively, which prevent undesired stress at the disks 27 and 28 and eliminate unbalanced swing.
  • the air gap between magnets 29a and 29b and magnets 30a and 30b is represented at 36 and sweeps across the coil 35 which constitutes a disk as best seen in FIG. 2a. Since disks 27 and 28 are of magnetic material and the shaft 25 is similarly magnetic, these members constitute a magnetic shunt or yoke between the poles of the permanent magnets 29a 29b, 30a and 30b turned away from the air gap and augment the induction in the latter.
  • the coil 35 has a thickness c which is approximately equal to the width of the air gap 36 and is substantially planar so that only those lines of force which are almost precisely perpendicular to the coil are effective in accordance with the principles of the present invention. As a result, the magnetic lines of force induce an electric current in the coil 35 and, in turn, react with a magnetic field generated in the coil 35 to provide the tangential force necessary to swing the balance wheel as previously described.
  • the coil 35 is encapsulated in insulating synthetic resin in the form of a plate 38.
  • the foot 38 of the plate is provided with pins 39 and 40 for one set of turns of the coil 35 and pins 41, 42 for the other set of turns of this coil, a spacer 43 mounting the plate 37 by his foot 38 upon the support 21.
  • a screw 44 passes through the insulating material of both the foot 38 and the spacer 43 and is threaded into the support 21.
  • FIG. 2d I have shown an alternative embodiment of the invention which represents a kinematic reversal of the system of FIGS. 2a 20.
  • two soft-magnet disks 71, 72 similar to those of FIGS. 2b, and a support 73 of synthetic resin are fixed to the shaft 74.
  • the disks 71 and 72, together with the shaft 74 form a magnetic yoke or shunt.
  • a support base 83 carries via spacers 81 and 82 and an appropriate screw-type fastening, a pair of coils 77, 78 of disk-shaped configuration in superimposed registry on opposite sides of the pair of permanent magnets 75, 76 carried by the support 73.
  • the permanent magnets 75, 76 are spaced apart as described with respect to the permanent magnets 3 and 4 of FIG. 1 and the magnets 29a and 30a of FIG. 2a.
  • the coils 77 and 78 are imbedded in synthetic-resin support plates 79 and 80 and are separated by the spacer 81 while being mounted on the foot 82 fixed to the support 83 as noted earlier.
  • the magnets do not swing on opposite sides of the coil but are disposed between a pair of coils, one of which can be used for producing the oscillating force while the other serves as a pickup coil for the amplifier.
  • the remainder of the device is similar to that of FIGS. 2a 2c and the operation is similar.
  • a clockwork (not shown) may be provided when the electrodynamic oscillator is to be used as the period controller of an electronic clock.
  • a pawl wheel 52 carried by the shaft 25, on each of its half swing engages the starwheel 53 of the clockwork.
  • the flange 48 of the base plate 21 may be used to secure the entire assembly of oscillator rotor 26, clockwork, coil 35 and the electronic circuit 51 to a common housing and may be composed of electrically insulating and at least partially transparent material.
  • the housing may also be provided with a casing to receive the battery which constitutes the energy source for the amplifier circuit.
  • the housing itself is generally designed to be affixed more or less loosely or releasably, e.g., by hanging, to the clock face and supporting structure. While the balance wheel is designed to be returned by an outside force in the direction opposite the power pulse, this means may be a spiral or torsion spring 54 as shown in FIG.
  • an alternative return arrangement may include a pendulum whose weight is located at an adjustable distance from its pivot and which coincides with the shaft of the balance wheel.
  • the oscillator member includes not only the disks 27, 28 and the shaft 25, but also the stem and weight of the pendulum with which the permanent magnet arrangement is mechanically coupled.
  • a printed-circuit panel 46 On the foot 38, with solder junctions to the terminals 39 42, is provided a printed-circuit panel 46 to which the transistors 47 and 48 and other electronic components 49, 50 are secured in the usual manner. The result is an amplifier circuit 51, schematically shown in FIG. 3, which generates the power pulses.
  • I may make use of other microcircuitry such as thick film or thin film circuits or integrated circuits secured directly to the pins or terminals 39-42.
  • I have represented the permanent magnets at 101 and 102, swingable on an arm about a fulcrum at 103, the latter representing the shaft. It will be understood that the permanent magnets will be mounted on a balance wheel as described in connection with FIGS. 2a 2d or the modifications thereof previously described.
  • the coil is diagrammatically shown at 104.
  • the ohmic resistance of the coil 104 and, if desired, an additional ohmic resistor 112 (as the collector-bias resistance) lies in series with the positive terminal 105 of the battery and the collector 107 of a transistor 108 whose emitter 109 is tied to the negative terminal 110 of the battery.
  • the silicon NPN transistor 108 has a base 127 which is tied at 126 to a voltage divider represented by a series-connected pair of resistors 123, 124 whose tie point is shown in 125.
  • the coil 104 and resistor 112 are shunted by a diode 113 poled to resist passage of positive current from the positive terminal 105 to the collector 107.
  • I provide a complex voltage divider consisting of a series network of a resistor 114, a condenser 115, and a resistor 116, this network being disposed between the diode 113 and the negative terminal 110 of the direct current source.
  • the tie point 117 of this network, between the resistor 116 and the capacitor 115, is connected via lead 118 to the base 119 of PNP control transistor 120.
  • the emitter 121 of the transistor is connected to the positive bus bar 106 while the collector 122 is connected via the resistors 123, 124 to the negative bus bar 1 11.
  • one of the resistors 123, 124 may be a temperature-responsive resistor (e.g., a thermistor) and will have, in the case of substitution for resistor 124, a negative temperature coefficient.
  • a temperature-responsive resistor e.g., a thermistor
  • a negative pulse delivers to the base 1 19 a signal producing a current increase in the coil 104 and, therefore, a further voltage drop at the voltage divider; conversely, a positive pulse applied to the base of the transistor 119 gives rise to a current drop in the coil 104 and a corresponding increase in the voltage at collector 107 and, consequently, at the tap 117. In either case, therefore, the feedback tendency will tend to reverse the previously established mode.
  • FIG. 4 The circuit operation will best be understood from the consideration of FIG. 4 in which the voltage at collector 107 of FIG. 3 is represented along the ordinate as a function of time plotted along the abscissa. The voltage is measured against the negative bus bar 111.
  • the potential at the collector is a function of the position of the centerpoint 11 of the balance wheel and, in the rhythm of the half-cycle period l/2, positive pulses 152, 154 and negative pulses 151, 153 will develop which are practically superimposed upon the drive potential 155.
  • positive pulse 156, 157 When one considers only the pulses generated by pure mechanical displacement of the oscillator, it will be apparent that one could obtain the positive pulse 156, 157, then a negative pulse of approximately twice the height as represented at 158, 159, and finally another pulse 160, 161 of a height equal to the first.
  • a negative pulse 152, 153 there is generated first a negative pulse 152, 153, a positive pulse of twice the height at 164, 165, and finally a negative pulse 166, 167 during the positive portion of the function 152, 154.
  • low amplitude and corresponding lowvoltage pulses are of proportionately long duration and highamplitude pulses of correspondingly short duration.
  • The'next triggered condition 172 of the transistor (represented by the positive function 152) is triggered by the first negative pulse 162 and is terminated by the subsequent positive pulse 164 which is transformed by the capacitor to a positive value 173 such that the subsequent negative pulse cannot trigger the transistor into a conductive state until decay of the charge upon the capacitor.
  • the process is repeated with respect to the functions 153 and 154.
  • Indicia 174-177 represent the null or zero position of the oscillator.
  • the first pass of the angularly oscillating member which" generates a pair of positive pulses and the negative pulse of double height, produces a drive pulse which is represented at 155 and is maintained over substantially the entire interval for which the permanent magnets cross the outline of the coil. The next.
  • An electrodynamic oscillator comprising:
  • electromagnetic coil means mounted on one of said members and defining an induction cross section in a plane parallel to that of said path and disposed adjacent same;
  • said permanent magnets each having a magnetic cross section of a width less than the width of said induction cross section of said coil means and a spacing less than said width of said induction cross-section as taken along said path;
  • said stationary member comprising a support, said moving member being pivotally mounted on said support for arcuate displacement of said permanent magnets thereon, said electromagnetic coil means being mounted on said support and having a circular disk-shaped coil with an induction axis parallel substantially to the pivotal axis of said moving member, said permanent magnets being of circular cross-section and extending substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the plane of the path and parallel to said axes;
  • said amplifier means comprising:
  • a complex voltage divider connected to the collector of the power transistor and including a capacitor
  • said control transistor being a PNP transistor and said power transistor being a NPN transistor, one side of said complex voltage divider being connected to the tie point of said diode and the collector of the power transistor and the other side of said complex voltage divider being connected to the negative terminal of said source, said complex voltage divider including a pair of resistors respectively connected to the collector of said power transistor and said negative terminal and a capacitor between said resistors and in series therewith, the feedback path between said control transistor and said complex voltage divider including a lead connected to the base of said control transistor and to the junction of said capacitor with the said resistor connected to said negative terminal, the emitter of said
  • each of said permanent magnets comprises a pair of axially aligned permanent-magnet portions magnetically coupled by said yoke and flanking said coil on opposite sides thereof.
  • said electromagnetic coil means includes a pair of axially spaced aligned disk-shaped coils, said path passing through said coils.
  • An electrodynamic oscillator comprising:
  • electromagnetic coil means mounted on oneof said members and defining an induction cross-section in a plane parallel to that of said path and disposed adjacent same;
  • a pair of oppositely poled permanent magnets mounted on the other of said members for generating a magnetic field generally perpendicular to the 6 plane of said path and cut by said coil means upon relative displacement of said members, said permanent magnets each having a magnetic cross-section of a width less than the width of said induction cross-section and a spacing less than the width of said induction cross-section as taken along said path;
  • amplifier means responsive to a signal generated in said coil means for applying a power signal thereto to drive said moving member, said amplifier means including:
  • a complex voltage divider connected to the collector of said first transistor and to an opposite second terminal of said direct-current source and including a capacitor
  • the bias resistance of said first transistor is at least in part formed by the ohmic resistance of said coil means
  • said complex voltage divider includes a pair of resistors respectively connected to the collector of said first transistor and said second terminal, and a series capacitor between said resistors and in series therewith;
  • said feedback path includes a lead connected to the base of said second transistor and to the junction of said series capacitor and the said resistor connected to said second terminal.
  • said coil means is shunted by a diode resisting positive signal transmission from said first terminal to said collector of said first transistor.
  • the electrodynamic oscillator defined in claim 9 further comprising a support for said members, a clockwork mounted upon said support and restoring means for returning said moving member along said path in the direction opposite the direction of the force applied to said movable member by said power signal.
  • An electrodynamic oscillator comprising:
  • electromagnetic coil means mounted on one of said members and defining an induction cross-section in a plane parallel to that of said path and disposed adjacent same;
  • a pair of oppositely poled permanent magnets mounted on the other of said members for generating a magnetic field generally perpendicular to the plane of said path and cut by said coil means upon relative displacement of said members, said permanent magnets each having a magnetic cross-section of a width less than the width of said induction cross-section and a spacing less than the width of said induction cross-section as taken along said path;
  • amplifier means responsive to a signal generated in said coil means for applying a power signal thereto to drive said moving member, said amplifier means including:
  • a complex voltage divider connected to the collector of said first transistor and to an opposite second terminal of said direct-current source and including a capacitor
  • the bias-resistance of said first transistor is at least in part formed by the ohmic resistance of said coil means
  • said complex voltage divider includes a pair of resistors respectively connected to the collector of said first transistor and said second terminal, and a series capacitor between said resistors and in series therewith;
  • said feedback path includes a lead connected to the base of said second transistor and to the junction of said series capacitor and the said resistor connected to said second terminal.

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US00095661A 1969-12-09 1970-12-07 Oscillator with electrodynamic drive and electromagnetic detection, especially for use in an electronic clock Expired - Lifetime US3713047A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691961629 DE1961629B2 (de) 1969-12-09 1969-12-09 Drehschwinger mit elektrodynamischem antrieb und elektrodyna mischer abtastung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3713047A true US3713047A (en) 1973-01-23

Family

ID=5753351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00095661A Expired - Lifetime US3713047A (en) 1969-12-09 1970-12-07 Oscillator with electrodynamic drive and electromagnetic detection, especially for use in an electronic clock

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3713047A (ru)
CH (1) CH579792B5 (ru)
DE (1) DE1961629B2 (ru)
ES (1) ES386175A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR2070781B1 (ru)
GB (1) GB1339439A (ru)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3046460A (en) * 1958-06-14 1962-07-24 Durowe A G Mechanical oscillating elements for timepieces and the like, and electronic actuating means therefor
US3327190A (en) * 1963-12-02 1967-06-20 Reich Robert Walter Electronic timepiece
US3487629A (en) * 1965-02-22 1970-01-06 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Drive balance wheel arrangement for timepiece
US3509437A (en) * 1966-09-08 1970-04-28 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Timepiece drive

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH64266A4 (ru) * 1966-01-18 1968-12-31
FR1473362A (fr) * 1966-02-22 1967-03-17 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Dispositif d'entraînement de balancier de montre et montres et appareils similaires équipés d'un tel dispositif

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3046460A (en) * 1958-06-14 1962-07-24 Durowe A G Mechanical oscillating elements for timepieces and the like, and electronic actuating means therefor
US3327190A (en) * 1963-12-02 1967-06-20 Reich Robert Walter Electronic timepiece
US3487629A (en) * 1965-02-22 1970-01-06 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Drive balance wheel arrangement for timepiece
US3509437A (en) * 1966-09-08 1970-04-28 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Timepiece drive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH579792B5 (ru) 1976-09-15
FR2070781A1 (ru) 1971-09-17
FR2070781B1 (ru) 1975-01-10
DE1961629A1 (de) 1971-08-19
ES386175A1 (es) 1973-03-16
CH1773170A4 (ru) 1973-10-15
DE1961629B2 (de) 1972-02-17
GB1339439A (en) 1973-12-05

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