US3712408A - Method of and apparatus for creating a shock wave beneath the surface of a body of water - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for creating a shock wave beneath the surface of a body of water Download PDF

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Publication number
US3712408A
US3712408A US00059983A US3712408DA US3712408A US 3712408 A US3712408 A US 3712408A US 00059983 A US00059983 A US 00059983A US 3712408D A US3712408D A US 3712408DA US 3712408 A US3712408 A US 3712408A
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steam
water
injection head
creating
shock wave
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00059983A
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English (en)
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R Muniz
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CGG SA
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Compagnie Generale de Geophysique SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for creating a shock wave beneath the surface of a body of water, particularly beneath the surface of the sea. Such a shock wave is conventionally used for the study by seismic methods of the geological structures of the ground situated beneath the body of water.
  • saturated steam may be used at the temperature lying, for example, between 150 and 370C.
  • superheated dry steam is used, for example a dry superheated steam at a temperature lying between 250 and 450C under a pressure of 30 to 75 kg/cm.
  • the means for conducting and liberating the steam at a precise point form part of an injection head which is displaceable and orientatable relative to the generating system.
  • a continuous circulation of steam is maintained in the injection head between the system for generating steam and the lower end of the injection head in the position where the liberation of steam takes place.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a typical installation in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the injection head of this installation.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shock wave created by the method of the invention, the time T being shown as abscissa and the pressure p as ordinate.
  • FIG. 1 the reference numeral 1 indicates the stern of a ship equipped for seismological study floating on a body ofwater 2, in which it is desired to create a shock wave at a point P.
  • the installation comprises a steam generator assembly generally indicated at 10 mounted on the ship and an injection head generally indicated at 30 mounted on the ship so as to be displaceable and orientatable in relation thereto, and to be capable of being immersed in the sea so that its end may be in the neighbourhood of the point P where it is desired to create the shock wave.
  • the assembly 10 comprises a fresh water reservoir 11 connected by a conduit 12 to a demineralization system 13 in which the water is completely purified of anymineral content.
  • the demineralized water passes by a conduit 14 to a closed reservoir tl5 from which it passes by a conduit 16 to a boiler 17.
  • a return conduit 18 is provided between the boiler 17 and the sealed reservoir 15.
  • the boiler 17 is advantageously a tube boiler capable of producing saturated steam at a temperature of the order of 275 C.
  • the steam is sent to a superheater 19 where it is superheated to the condition of dry steam under pressure (for example 400 C and 60 kg/cm).
  • a conduit 20 connects the superheater to the inlet A of the injection head 30.
  • the injection head is preferably continuously traversed by the steam which is introduced into the head by the inlet A and leaves it by an outlet B.
  • a return circuit is preferably provided between the outlet B and the fresh water reservoir 11, this return circuit comprising a steam conduit 21, a condenser 22 where the returning steam is condensed, and a water conduit 23.
  • a valve 24- is mounted in the conduit 20 to control the supply of steam to the injection head.
  • a purging circuit 25 controlled by a valve 25a enables the outlet of the steam superheater to be directly connected to the condenser 22.
  • the injection head 30 comprises two coaxial metal tubes 31 and 32 surrounded by thermal insulation 33, glass wool, for example, which in tum'is surrounded by a watertight protective sleeve.
  • One end of the inner tube 31 constitutes the inlet A of the injection head 30.
  • the tube 31 is connected to a spherical chamber 34 and the end of the tube 32 to a spherical chamber 35 surrounding the chamber 34. Openings 36, only one of which is visible in FIG. 2, are provided in the wall of the chamber 34 to connect the internal space of this chamber with the space of the chamber 35 which surrounds it.
  • Steam circulation is established in the injection head 30 in such a manner that the chamber 34 is constantly filled with dry superheated steam, for example at a temperature lying between 250and 450 C under a pressure lying between 30 and 75 kglcm
  • the valve 40 is caused to open for a very brief interval of time, for example, for between 3 and 150 milliseconds.
  • the dry steam contained in the chamber 34 is ejected at the point P to form a volume of dry steam V (FIG. 1) in the interior of the body of water. This volume of steam contracts very rapidly as a result of its being condensed by the cooling thereof caused by the surrounding body of water.
  • an injection head is used, the ejector of which is disposed at a depth of 7 meters below the surface of the sea.
  • the chamber 34 has a volume of 30 dm".
  • the valve seat 43 has a steam passage diameter of 7 cm.
  • the steam filling the chamber 34 is dry steam at a temperature of 350C under a pressure of 50 kg/cm.
  • the time during which the valve 40 is open is 30 milliseconds. In these conditions, there is observed at a distance of 1 meter from the ejector (FIG.
  • a shock wave comprising first of all a small discharge implosion D of an amplitude of the order of 0.8 kg/cm and then after an interval of time t, of the order of 40 milliseconds, an implosion peak I of the order of 40 kg/cm It will be seen that the implosion I is by far the preponderant phenomenon and that the implosion shock wave is substantially free of parasitic shock waves.
  • the method according to the invention besides the essential advantage of a shock wave which is not accompanied by parasitic pulsations, lends itself particularly well to exploitation in shallow water since it operates as a result of a thermal exchange between steam and water.
  • the method of creating a shock impulse in the interior of a body of water to conduct geophysical studies by seismic methods comprising the steps of generating steam under controlled pressure and temperature, continuously delivering said generated steam to a selectively closed chamber and abruptly liberating in a predetermined location in said body of water a single quantity of said steam to create a single relatively large steam bubble which imploses violently as a result of its cooling in said body of water thereby creating a single shock of high energy level useable as a seismic underwater signal.
  • the method of creating a shock impulse in the interior of a body of water to conduct geophysical studies by seismic methods comprising the steps of generating steam, continuously circulating said steam so as to keep it under controlled pressure and temperature conditions, and abruptly liberating in a controlled manner a single quantity of said steam in a predetermined location in said body of water to create a single, relatively large steam bubble which imploses violently as a result of its cooling in said body of water, thereby creating a single shock of high energy level usable as a seismic underwater signal.
  • Apparatus for creating a shock wave in a body of water by liberation of a volume of steam which is then violently condensed comprising a steam generator system for generating steam under controlled pressure and temperature, a steam injection head operatively connected to said steam generator system and defining a steam chamber for continuously receiving steam generated thereby, said injection head being movable relative to said system for locating the same at the desired depth and position in said body, and means including a valve for selectively communicating the interior of said injection head with the surrounding mass of water whereby said steam is violently condensed creating a shock wave useful for seismic prospecting.
  • the apparatus of claim 8 further including a steam ejector mounted on said head and extending into said mass of water, said valve means controlling the communication of said chamber with said ejector.
  • said injection head comprises two concentric tubes forming between them an annular space, said inner tube supplying said steam chamber, said annular space serving as a return circuit for the steam which can thus circulate continually through the injection head.
  • said steam generator system comprises a fresh water reservoir, a boiler and a superheater for producing the steam for supplying the injection head, said return circuit comprising a cooler for recycling to the reservoir condensed water from the steam returning from the injection head.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US00059983A 1969-08-01 1970-07-31 Method of and apparatus for creating a shock wave beneath the surface of a body of water Expired - Lifetime US3712408A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6926481A FR2055856A5 (da) 1969-08-01 1969-08-01

Publications (1)

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US3712408A true US3712408A (en) 1973-01-23

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US00059983A Expired - Lifetime US3712408A (en) 1969-08-01 1970-07-31 Method of and apparatus for creating a shock wave beneath the surface of a body of water

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3712408A (da)
DE (1) DE2038546B2 (da)
DK (1) DK126280B (da)
FR (1) FR2055856A5 (da)
GB (1) GB1323317A (da)
NL (1) NL170774C (da)
NO (1) NO126501B (da)
OA (1) OA03461A (da)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912042A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-10-14 Joseph Pauletich Steam imploder
US3944019A (en) * 1974-06-20 1976-03-16 Joseph Pauletich Deep water sound imploder
US4182428A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-01-08 Western Geophysical Company Of America Hydraulically-coupled, land seismic signal source
US4327813A (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-05-04 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Generation of seismic sources
US4346779A (en) * 1979-05-17 1982-08-31 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Vapor implosion in a closed flexible enclosure
US4508191A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-04-02 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Method and device for initiating an underwater implosive seismic source
US5033354A (en) * 1973-11-21 1991-07-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Deep operating monitor and destruct device
US20110032796A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-10 Cedar Ridge Research, Llc System and method for producing an acoustic pulse using live steam
CN104297776B (zh) * 2014-10-14 2017-01-25 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 提升沙漠区激发效果的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535469B1 (fr) * 1982-10-28 1985-06-21 Geophysique Cie Gle Procede pour creer sous la surface d'une nappe d'eau une onde de choc a partir d'une pluralite de sources sismiques a implosion, et appareillage pour sa mise en oeuvre

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB826932A (en) * 1954-08-04 1960-01-27 Seismograph Service England Improvements in or relating to methods of and apparatus for seismic survey of geological formations
US3094968A (en) * 1945-01-25 1963-06-25 Richard F Post Expendable vapor noisemaker
US3368641A (en) * 1964-01-24 1968-02-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Sound wave transmitting device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093107A (en) * 1945-01-25 1963-06-11 Joseph A Grand Expendable ammonia noisemaker
US3560913A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-02-02 Us Navy Acoustic pulse focusing means

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094968A (en) * 1945-01-25 1963-06-25 Richard F Post Expendable vapor noisemaker
GB826932A (en) * 1954-08-04 1960-01-27 Seismograph Service England Improvements in or relating to methods of and apparatus for seismic survey of geological formations
US3368641A (en) * 1964-01-24 1968-02-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Sound wave transmitting device

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5033354A (en) * 1973-11-21 1991-07-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Deep operating monitor and destruct device
US3912042A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-10-14 Joseph Pauletich Steam imploder
US3944019A (en) * 1974-06-20 1976-03-16 Joseph Pauletich Deep water sound imploder
US4182428A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-01-08 Western Geophysical Company Of America Hydraulically-coupled, land seismic signal source
US4327813A (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-05-04 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Generation of seismic sources
US4346779A (en) * 1979-05-17 1982-08-31 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Vapor implosion in a closed flexible enclosure
US4508191A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-04-02 Compagnie Generale De Geophysique Method and device for initiating an underwater implosive seismic source
US20110032796A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-10 Cedar Ridge Research, Llc System and method for producing an acoustic pulse using live steam
CN104297776B (zh) * 2014-10-14 2017-01-25 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 提升沙漠区激发效果的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO126501B (da) 1973-02-12
GB1323317A (en) 1973-07-11
NL7011142A (da) 1971-02-03
OA03461A (fr) 1971-03-30
DE2038546A1 (de) 1971-02-18
NL170774B (nl) 1982-07-16
FR2055856A5 (da) 1971-05-14
DE2038546B2 (de) 1971-12-30
DK126280B (da) 1973-06-25
NL170774C (nl) 1982-12-16

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