US3711754A - Circuit for driving a moving element - Google Patents

Circuit for driving a moving element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3711754A
US3711754A US00022804A US3711754DA US3711754A US 3711754 A US3711754 A US 3711754A US 00022804 A US00022804 A US 00022804A US 3711754D A US3711754D A US 3711754DA US 3711754 A US3711754 A US 3711754A
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transistor
driving
coil
circuit
power source
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US00022804A
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English (en)
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K Nemoto
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/069—Driving circuits using a single coil for detection and driving purposes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [58] 27 5:15: g g g% g
  • An electric circuit is disclosed for starting an output member in vibratory motion and maintaining the vibrations at a constant amplitude.
  • a coil is electromagnetically coupled to the output member and [56] Reerences cued performs both the driving and pick-up functions.
  • the UNITED STATES PATENTS circuit includes two oppositely polarized transistors cooperating with a coupling capacitor to deliver current pulses of a relatively large pulse width to the coil 530,662 9/1970 318/127 X to start the output member in vibratory motion.
  • a variety of driving circuits are known for driving mechanical vibrators, for example, tuning forks and balance wheels, as reference vibrators for timepieces.
  • One such known circuit comprises an astable multioscillator, a coil coupled as a load to the astable multioscillator which combines pick-up and driving functions, and a vibrator having attached thereto a magnet.
  • the coil coacts with the magnet to serve as a transducer and the astable multioscillator is triggered by an electric signal induced in the coil by the vibratory motion of the vibrator to drive the vibrator.
  • the pulse width of the driving pulse is kept constant and consequently the vibrator cannot be supplied with a sufficient pulse for its starting. Therefore, the vibrator is incapable of self-starting and must initially be driven by an external force.
  • the same drawback applies to the type of ordinary driving circuit wherein a motor is used instead ofa mechanical vibrator; here again, the motor cannot start by itself.
  • the present invention eliminates the foregoing disadvantages of the existing vibrator driving circuits and provides a new, improved driving circuit.
  • a driving circuit for a moving element which comprises first and second transistors having opposite polarities connected such that the collector of the first transistor is serially coupled to the base of the second transistor and a biasing resistor is connected between the base of the first transistor and a power source. Another resistor is connected to the emitter of the first transistor and the emitters of both transistors are capacitively coupled to each other.
  • a coil is electromagnetically coupled to a moving element and combines the function of driving the moving element with the function of picking up the motion of the moving element.
  • the coil is connected to the emitter of the second transistor and a d-c voltage source is connected to constitute a series circuit with the resistors, capacitor and coil.
  • the coil picks up the motion and the electric signal thereby induced is superposed on the base-to-emitter voltage to trigger the transistors.
  • a driving current with a progressively decreasing pulse width is automatically developed and applied. This results in small power consumption during the steady motion. Also, a driving force synchronized with the motion of the moving element is obtained.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a driving circuit which is simplified in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and adapted for mass production.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a driving circuit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view, on an enlarged scale, of the transducer shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3A is a wave form explanatory of the condenser voltage
  • FIG. 3B is a wave form explanatory of the base-toemitter voltage of the transistor
  • FIG. 3C is a wave form explanatory of the current that flows through the coil
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of another embodiment of driving circuit embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of still another form of driving circuit embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of yet another form of driving circuit embodying the present invention.
  • a driving circuit employing a balance wheel 1 as the output or moving element.
  • the balance wheel together with a coil L, which is electromagnetically coupled with the balance wheel 1, comprise a transducer which combines the pick-up and driving functions.
  • the balance wheel 1 as better shown in FIG. 2, consists of a rotatably mounted center shaft 2, a disk 3 supported by the shaft, a permanent magnet 4 fixed to the upper surface of the disk 3, and a mass 5 functioning as a counterbalance.
  • the ring-shaped coil L is secured in position so that when the disk 3 rotates, the magnet 4 passes thereunder.
  • the coil L converts an electric signal applied thereto into a mechanical motion of the balance wheel 1 and, at the same time, picks up the mechanical motion of the balance wheel 1 and converts the same into an electric signal. In other words, it combines both functions of driving and pickup coils.
  • the collector of an NPN transistor Tr, and the base of a PNP transistor Tr are serially coupled and a resistor R is connected between the base of the transistor Tr, and the positive terminal of a power source E to bias the transistor Tr, in the forward direction.
  • a resistor R To the emitter of the transistor Tr, is connected a resistor R
  • a condenser C is connected for capacitive coupling of the two emitters.
  • the combined pick-up and driving coil L is connected to the emitter of the transistor Tr
  • the positive terminal of the power source E, coil L, condenser C, resistor R,, a switch S, and the negative terminal of the power source E are connected together in a series circuit.
  • the collector of the transistor Tr is connected to the switch S.
  • a charge loop consisting of the power source E, coil L, condenser C, resistor R and switch S
  • a discharge loop consisting of the condenser C, emitter and base of the transistor Tr and collector and emitter of the transistor Tr
  • a branched discharge loop consisting of the condenser C, emitter and collector of the transistor Tr and resistor R and an oscillating circuit consisting of the power source E, coil L, emitter and collector of the transistor Tr and the switch S.
  • FIG. 3A gives time t on the axis of abscissa and the voltage V in the condenser C on the axis of ordinate.
  • the condenser voltage as represented by a wave form a is increased up to a certain level A,.
  • FIG. 3B -time t is plotted on the axis of abscissa against the base-to-emitter voltage V of the transistor Tr, on the axis of ordinate.
  • the condenser C While the condenser C is being charged, the voltage as represented by a wave form b rises to the level 8,.
  • the transistor Tr is switched ON when its base-to-emitter voltage reaches the level 8,.
  • the charge on the condenser C begins to be discharged by the discharge loop, through the circuit composed of the emitter and base of the transistor Tr,, collector and emitter of the transistor Tr,, and condenser C.
  • the transistor Tr is instantaneously switched ON, whereupon a large current flows from the power source E through the coil L and the emitter and collector of transistor Tr
  • the discharge current from the condenser C is also branched through the loop composed of the emitter and collector of the transistor Tr,, resistor R, and condenser C.
  • the condenser voltage drops as represented by a wave form a, in FIG.
  • FIG. 3A in which time t is plotted on the axis of abscissa against the current I, that flows through the coil L on the axis of ordinate, shows a driving pulse current e flowing through the coil L.
  • the condenser C is charged again, and the cycle of operation above described is repeated to carry out astable oscillation.
  • the period of the astable oscillation is set at a frequency greater than the natural frequency of the moving element, and the driving pulse current e, is set at a value that can give a sufficient driving force to effect starting of the moving element.
  • the balance wheel 1 is started by the driving pulse current e,,, and an inducedvoltage is produced in the coil L.
  • the base-to-emitter voltage of the transistor Tr is applied with a wave form 17,, or the wave form b shown in FIG. 3B superposed with the in-- Jerusalem voltage.
  • the transistor Tr is triggered.
  • the condenser'C is charged as with the wave form a, to a voltage A;,.
  • the transistor Tr is switched ON with the baseto-emitter voltage 8,, while, in the manner already described, the transistor Tr 'is switched ON by the discharge current which is dictated by the time constant of the condenser C, with the result that the condenser C discharges as represented by the wave form a, and the driving pulse current e, flows through the coil L, .thereby driving the balance wheel 1.
  • the procedure above described is repeated and the amplitude of the balance wheel 1v is gradually increased,
  • the induced voltage also rises and is applied as such to the base-to-emitter voltage, thus increasing the frequency at which the transistor Tr, is triggered. Accordingly, the charging and discharging intervals of the condenser C are shortened by degrees.
  • the pulse width of the driving pulse current that flows through the coil L while the transistor Tr is ON is steadily decreased.
  • the pulse current also becomes a stable and steady driving pulse current e having a predetermined pulse width.
  • the balance wheel 1 sustains its steady vibration.
  • the vibrator can start by itself without the necessity of an external force being applied thereto.
  • the vibrator is driven by a driving pulse current e having a much narrower pulse width than the starting pulse widths and, accordingly, the power loss is reduced to a minimum.
  • the vibrator is driven with a pulse current that is produced at a frequency synchronized with the natural frequency of the vibrator.
  • a driving circuit having a transducer equipped with a tuning bar 16 instead of the balance wheel 1 is used.
  • the tuning bar 16 of the transducer is fixed at one end and is provided at its free end with a magnet bar 17 attached to one side and with a mass 18 attached to the other side effective to counterbalance the weight of the magnet bar.
  • a ring-shaped coil L,,,' is secured in place such that the magnet bar 17 is slidable with respect thereto.
  • a thermistor Rth is connected between the collector of the transistor Tr,, and the emitter of the transistor Tr,,.
  • reference symbols E,,,, S,,,, R,,, C,,, and R denote parts similar to their counterparts in FIG. 1.
  • the temperature characteristics of the transistors Tr,, and Tr, can be improved.
  • FIG. 5' shows another embodiment of a driving circuit having atransducer in which the moving element is a rotor 29 of a motor.
  • the rotor 29 is a ferrite disk mounted on a journalled shaft 30 and has two pairs of magnetic poles N and S.
  • a ring-shaped coil L combining the pick-up and'driving functions is fixed in spaced and the positive terminal of a power source E
  • symbols Tr C L S C Tr and R indicate parts which are substantially equivalent to their counterparts in FIG. I.
  • the driving pulse current can be advantageously shaped as desired.
  • a circuit for driving a moving element comprising: a movably mounted output element, two transistors of opposite polarities, means serially connecting the collector of one of said transistors to the base of the other transistor, 21 d-c power source, a biasing resistor connected between the base of said one transistor and said

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
US00022804A 1969-03-28 1970-03-26 Circuit for driving a moving element Expired - Lifetime US3711754A (en)

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JP2316069 1969-03-28

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US3711754A true US3711754A (en) 1973-01-16

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US (1) US3711754A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7017375D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH457870A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2014512C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES377741A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2037277A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1274126A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE373962B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919606A (en) * 1973-03-10 1975-11-11 Seikosha Kk Transistor driving circuit for movable element
US4036006A (en) * 1974-02-06 1977-07-19 Gunther Glaser Time-keeping apparatus
DE2635398A1 (de) * 1976-08-06 1978-02-09 Philips Patentverwaltung Verfahren und anordnung zur ansteuerung der druckmagnete eines matrixdruckers
US4162131A (en) * 1977-11-02 1979-07-24 General Electric Company Drive circuit for printing head
US4266291A (en) * 1977-12-27 1981-05-05 Iida Sankyo Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic swing device

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3046460A (en) * 1958-06-14 1962-07-24 Durowe A G Mechanical oscillating elements for timepieces and the like, and electronic actuating means therefor
US3229225A (en) * 1962-01-29 1966-01-11 Gen Time Corp Direct current elapsed time indicator
US3306030A (en) * 1967-02-28 Electronic time registering device
US3365635A (en) * 1963-10-17 1968-01-23 Smith & Sons Ltd S Oscillating motor for horological instruments
US3403312A (en) * 1965-01-02 1968-09-24 United States Time Corp Circuitry for timekeeping instruments
US3407344A (en) * 1964-09-26 1968-10-22 Shigeru Kakubari Electronic timekeeper
US3491531A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-01-27 Us Time Corp The Impulse means for a horological oscillator
US3530662A (en) * 1967-04-19 1970-09-29 Siemens Ag Electrically controlled timekeeper devices with mechanical oscillators
US3553955A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-01-12 Timex Corp Electronic watch
US3597634A (en) * 1967-03-09 1971-08-03 Junghans Gmbh Geb Two or more transistor device to energize a driving coil

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3306030A (en) * 1967-02-28 Electronic time registering device
US3046460A (en) * 1958-06-14 1962-07-24 Durowe A G Mechanical oscillating elements for timepieces and the like, and electronic actuating means therefor
US3229225A (en) * 1962-01-29 1966-01-11 Gen Time Corp Direct current elapsed time indicator
US3365635A (en) * 1963-10-17 1968-01-23 Smith & Sons Ltd S Oscillating motor for horological instruments
US3407344A (en) * 1964-09-26 1968-10-22 Shigeru Kakubari Electronic timekeeper
US3403312A (en) * 1965-01-02 1968-09-24 United States Time Corp Circuitry for timekeeping instruments
US3597634A (en) * 1967-03-09 1971-08-03 Junghans Gmbh Geb Two or more transistor device to energize a driving coil
US3530662A (en) * 1967-04-19 1970-09-29 Siemens Ag Electrically controlled timekeeper devices with mechanical oscillators
US3491531A (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-01-27 Us Time Corp The Impulse means for a horological oscillator
US3553955A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-01-12 Timex Corp Electronic watch

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Elementary Circuit Properties of Transistors, Vol. 3, 1966, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, pages 274 277. *
Transistor Manual 1964 General Electric Company, pages 106 107 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919606A (en) * 1973-03-10 1975-11-11 Seikosha Kk Transistor driving circuit for movable element
US4036006A (en) * 1974-02-06 1977-07-19 Gunther Glaser Time-keeping apparatus
DE2635398A1 (de) * 1976-08-06 1978-02-09 Philips Patentverwaltung Verfahren und anordnung zur ansteuerung der druckmagnete eines matrixdruckers
US4162858A (en) * 1976-08-06 1979-07-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Stylus printer impact energy control
US4162131A (en) * 1977-11-02 1979-07-24 General Electric Company Drive circuit for printing head
US4266291A (en) * 1977-12-27 1981-05-05 Iida Sankyo Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic swing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES377741A1 (es) 1972-05-16
BR7017375D0 (pt) 1973-06-14
SE373962B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-17
DE2014512B2 (de) 1979-07-05
CH555062A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-15
FR2037277A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-31
DE2014512C3 (de) 1980-03-13
DE2014512A1 (de) 1970-10-29
GB1274126A (en) 1972-05-10
CH457870A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-29

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