US3710281A - Lossless n-port frequency multiplexer - Google Patents

Lossless n-port frequency multiplexer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710281A
US3710281A US00096911A US3710281DA US3710281A US 3710281 A US3710281 A US 3710281A US 00096911 A US00096911 A US 00096911A US 3710281D A US3710281D A US 3710281DA US 3710281 A US3710281 A US 3710281A
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Prior art keywords
terminals
matrix
line
taps
frequency
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US00096911A
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English (en)
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D Thomas
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TDK Micronas GmbH
ITT Inc
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Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/08—Arrangements for combining channels

Definitions

  • the multiplexer basically comprises two known microwave circuit devices uniquely combined. One of these is a frequency sensitive delay line with a plurality of taps and the other is a beamforming matrix, such as a Butler matrix, or the socalled equal-path-length cross-line matrix.
  • the delay line input is the signal to be separated and the taps are fed to the radiating element terminals of the beam-forming matrix.
  • the matrix output terminals then provide the discrete frequency output lines.
  • the device of the present invention is particularly useful in electronic reconnaissance and electronic countermeasures applications and also will be recognized as useful in various antenna beam scanning and frequencyjump radar instrumentations.
  • the device comprises essentially two known microwave system subassemblies combined in a unique manner.
  • the first of these is an M-port delay line of the type employed in frequency scanning systems.
  • the outputs of such a delay line, M produce a constant progressive phase delay, the slope of which depends on the input frequency in a predetermined manner.
  • the second discrete building block subassembly is a multibeam-forming matrix of M first ports and N second ports. This particular device is designed such that a different linear progressive phase front is established or received along the terminals M, as each of the individual inputs N is excited in the respective direction.
  • Joining the two aforementioned devices along the interface at each of the M-ports results in a device which has a single input signal terminal and N beam feeds or output terminals. Accordingly, the discrete frequencies present at the said input terminal are divided among the N beam feed terminals discretely.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates typical beam patterns corresponding to the beam angle variations or discrete angles available from excitation of the various N beam feeds.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a typical frequency-scanned array capable of providing the frequency sensitive delay line for the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a depicts the beam angle mathematical relationships for FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows one form of a beam-forming matrix useful in the combination of the present invention and is identified as an equal path length beam-forming matrix.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a parallel fed multibeam matrix also adapted for use in the combination of the present invention in lieu of the matrix of FIG. 4.
  • the input terminal 10 will be regarded as a received microwave frequency signal which it is desired to separate into discrete signal outputs according to frequency.
  • the frequency sensitive delay line 11 is shown with generalized outputs 1 through M (typically 21), which also comprise the inputs of the series or parallel fed multibeam-forming matrix 12.
  • the said matrix 12 in turn, has generalized outputs P, through P,,.
  • the microwave circuit 11 is a tapped frequency-sensitive delay line, such as illustrated at FIG. 3 and as otherwise commonly used in connection with frequency scanned arrays.
  • the output signals of II are equivalent to signals representing the phase characteristics of an arriving beam if these M inputs of the microwave circuit 12 were array connected (as will later be seen in FIG. 3).
  • the angle at which the said beam arrives therefore affects the relative phase of excitation of the inputs of 12 (considered as a separate component) and it is an inherent characteristic of the device 12 to provide an output on one of its P terminals discretely, as a function of the aforementioned M terminal phase relationships.
  • FIG. 2 a generalized set of typical beam patterns is identified by number, right or left of the boresite or center-line of an array.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrated with more beams than the arbitrarily selected eight beams of which the illustrated instrumentation is capable, it is to be understood that the actual number of beams is a matter of design.
  • Each beam identified on FIG. 2 corresponds to an input phase distribution along the M terminals of 12 from among the individual (radiator) M signals from 11.
  • FIG. 3 a typical frequency-scan array arrangement is shown. This array is completely reciprocal and, when fed at 13, with a frequency f,, produces a beam in space at an angle which is related to f in accordance with the self-explanatory mathematical relationships depicted at FIG. 3a.
  • a transmitting radar arrangement such as FIG. 3 per se, would normally be implemented in waveguide and would resemble the arrangement of FIG. 13a in Chapter 13 of the aforementioned Radar Handbook reference text.
  • FIG. 26 of Chapter 13 for application in the system of the present invention it could also be as represented at FIG. 26 of Chapter 13 in the same reference, the difference being in the tap arrangement.
  • waveguide with plural bends may also be instrumented in any common travelling wave transmission line configuration used in the microwave arts, such as, for example, strip-line coaxial lime, rigid waveguide, etc.
  • any common travelling wave transmission line configuration used in the microwave arts, such as, for example, strip-line coaxial lime, rigid waveguide, etc.
  • the said serpentine line might well be replaced by a strip-line, possibly of the meander type, since large power handling capability would not be a factor in that case.
  • a termination 15 is provided commonly and its selection is made in accordance with well known criteria.
  • FIG. 4 one type of beam-forming network suitable for element 12 in FIG. I, is illustrated. It is the inherent function of the device of FIG. 4 to place received energy (or substantially all of the received energy). atone of the N" beam terminals (of which 18 is typical) for each corresponding discrete beam arrival angle at the M terminal radiators (typically 17).
  • the device of FIG. 4 which has horizontal line terminations, typically 20, and also vertical line terminations, typically 19, is based on an equal path length beam-forming concept.
  • Each of the line crossovers includes a crossed-line directional coupler, typically 16.
  • the configuration of FIG. 1 will have been instrumented. Accordingly, the input 10 on FIG. 1 becomes that of 13 on FIG. 3 and the beam 1 through beam N terminals (of which 18 is typical) of FIG. 4, comprise the P through I outputs of FIG. 1.
  • these P outputs from FIG. 1 may be supplied to utilization devices of any type appropriate for a particular application.
  • the energy on any of these P terminals may be simply used, as for example, to light an indicator lamp, or may be detected and amplified for another purpose.
  • FIG. 5 a so-called Butler Matrix" is shown.
  • the Butler matrix is connected to a series of radiators in a linear array at its M terminals. Radiator 21 is typical of these connections.
  • a combination 3db hybrid couplers, typically 22, with an arrangement of 45 phase shifters (typically 23) and 67 178 phase shifters (typically 24) is employed.
  • a pair of 22 phase shifters typically 25 are employed, and the N terminals comparable to the N terminals of the configuration of FIG. 4 run between 26 and 27.
  • Inclusion of this matrix with its M terminals connected to those of the delay line of FIG. 3, produces an alternate instrumentation of the combination of the present invention.
  • the P terminals from FIG. 1 are then generated at the N terminals of the device of FIG. 5.
  • a second input signal at frequency f will couple from the serpentine into the beam-forming matrix with a progressive phase shift characteristic of its own frequency, such that the signal is also coupled in a lossless manner to beam-port P etc., for the N beam ports.
  • any number, up to (N) of these signals may be multiplexed in this manner contemporaneously.
  • the output granularity depends on the number of beam outputs, N.
  • the value of N in a particular design may be determined by knowing the number of increments required within a given frequency band in order to meet a particular design objective.
  • the resolution between the various output frequencies is a func' tion of the serpentine array length. From the foregoing information, a minimum value of M may be determined for a particular design.
  • M Z N for a lossless beam-forming circuit.
  • the system sensitivity (Af/Am) is dependent on the frequency-sensitive delay line factor, Ada/ Af. Dynamic range of the system will depend on the isolation (sidelobe tolerance) between the various ports. Control of this factor, as well as the parameter of beamshape, can be realized in a lossless manner, by providing an amplitude-phase distribution taper along the delay line taps or along the beam-forming couplers.
  • An N-port frequency multiplexer comprising:
  • a frequency sensitive delay line having an input terminal and a plurality of spaced taps for generating a set of output signals along said taps exhibiting a phase distribution which is a predetermined function of the frequency of the signal at said input terminal;
  • a beam-forming matrix of the type including the Butlcr matrix and the series fed multi-beam matrix, having a plurality of first terminals and a plurality of second terminals for converting each set of signals at said first terminals having a predetermined phase distribution into a corresponding output signal from a discrete one of said second terminals, said plural first and second terminals being the set of antenna radiator and beam terminals, respectively, of said-beam forming matrix;
  • said beam-forming matrix is further defined as comprising a first plurality of transmission lines within which each line is connected to a corresponding one of said first terminals, a second plurality of transmission lines within which each line is connected to a corresponding one of said second terminals, and coupling means are included for cross-coupling said first and second transmission lines in an intersecting grid pattern having predetermined spacings in each coordinate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US00096911A 1970-12-10 1970-12-10 Lossless n-port frequency multiplexer Expired - Lifetime US3710281A (en)

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2747391A1 (de) * 1976-10-22 1978-04-27 Matra Sa Vorrichtung zur hyperfrequenzfunkuebertragung mit einer gewissen zahl von umschaltbaren buendeln
FR2402309A1 (fr) * 1977-09-01 1979-03-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Commutateur a haute frequence pour antennes directives a alimentation symetrique par rapport a la terre
US4318104A (en) * 1978-06-15 1982-03-02 Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag Directional arrays
US4356462A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-10-26 Rca Corporation Circuit for frequency scan antenna element
EP0156604A1 (en) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-02 THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, p.l.c. A beam forming network
WO1988004837A1 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Steerable beam antenna system using butler matrix
US4839894A (en) * 1986-09-22 1989-06-13 Eaton Corporation Contiguous channel multiplexer/demultiplexer
JPH03501583A (ja) * 1988-09-29 1991-04-11 ベロルススキ　ポリテクニチェスキ　インスチテュート 深穴明け用ドリル
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5701596A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-12-23 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Modular interconnect matrix for matrix connection of a plurality of antennas with a plurality of radio channel units
US5742584A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-04-21 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing system for RF amplifiers
US5790517A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-08-04 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing system for high power RF amplifiers
WO1999031758A1 (de) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Antennenspeiseanordnung
US6006113A (en) * 1994-12-01 1999-12-21 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Radio signal scanning and targeting system for use in land mobile radio base sites
US6185182B1 (en) 1996-07-26 2001-02-06 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing amplifier system for a cellular communications system
US6381212B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2002-04-30 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing amplifier system for amplifying multiple input signals with shared power amplifiers
US6633257B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-10-14 Sony Corporation Antenna element, adaptive antenna apparatus, and radio communication apparatus
US20140002323A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Blackberry Limited Method and apparatus to control mutual coupling and correlation for multi-antenna applications
US10227054B2 (en) * 2013-12-10 2019-03-12 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A Radar sensor with frequency dependent beam steering
US20240396213A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2024-11-28 Galtronics Usa, Inc. Mitigating beam squint in multi-beam forming networks

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434139A (en) * 1965-07-15 1969-03-18 North American Rockwell Frequency-controlled scanning monopulse antenna
US3500412A (en) * 1968-04-09 1970-03-10 Csf Pointing precision of an electronic scanning antenna beam
US3518689A (en) * 1967-03-06 1970-06-30 North American Rockwell Frequency-sensitive cross-scanning antenna

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434139A (en) * 1965-07-15 1969-03-18 North American Rockwell Frequency-controlled scanning monopulse antenna
US3518689A (en) * 1967-03-06 1970-06-30 North American Rockwell Frequency-sensitive cross-scanning antenna
US3500412A (en) * 1968-04-09 1970-03-10 Csf Pointing precision of an electronic scanning antenna beam

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2747391A1 (de) * 1976-10-22 1978-04-27 Matra Sa Vorrichtung zur hyperfrequenzfunkuebertragung mit einer gewissen zahl von umschaltbaren buendeln
FR2402309A1 (fr) * 1977-09-01 1979-03-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Commutateur a haute frequence pour antennes directives a alimentation symetrique par rapport a la terre
US4318104A (en) * 1978-06-15 1982-03-02 Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag Directional arrays
US4356462A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-10-26 Rca Corporation Circuit for frequency scan antenna element
US4864311A (en) * 1984-03-24 1989-09-05 The General Electric Company, P.L.C. Beam forming network
EP0156604A1 (en) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-02 THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, p.l.c. A beam forming network
US4839894A (en) * 1986-09-22 1989-06-13 Eaton Corporation Contiguous channel multiplexer/demultiplexer
JP2839274B2 (ja) 1986-12-22 1998-12-16 ヒューズ・エアクラフト・カンパニー アンテナシステム
WO1988004837A1 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Steerable beam antenna system using butler matrix
JPH03501583A (ja) * 1988-09-29 1991-04-11 ベロルススキ　ポリテクニチェスキ　インスチテュート 深穴明け用ドリル
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5790517A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-08-04 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing system for high power RF amplifiers
US5742584A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-04-21 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing system for RF amplifiers
US5752200A (en) * 1994-12-01 1998-05-12 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Modular interconnect matrix for matrix connection of a plurality of antennas with a plurality of radio channel units
US5701596A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-12-23 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Modular interconnect matrix for matrix connection of a plurality of antennas with a plurality of radio channel units
US6006113A (en) * 1994-12-01 1999-12-21 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Radio signal scanning and targeting system for use in land mobile radio base sites
US6185182B1 (en) 1996-07-26 2001-02-06 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing amplifier system for a cellular communications system
WO1999031758A1 (de) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Sel Verteidigungssysteme Gmbh Antennenspeiseanordnung
US6381212B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2002-04-30 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Power sharing amplifier system for amplifying multiple input signals with shared power amplifiers
US6633257B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-10-14 Sony Corporation Antenna element, adaptive antenna apparatus, and radio communication apparatus
US20140002323A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Blackberry Limited Method and apparatus to control mutual coupling and correlation for multi-antenna applications
US9722324B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2017-08-01 Blackberry Limited Method and apparatus to control mutual coupling and correlation for multi-antenna applications
US10227054B2 (en) * 2013-12-10 2019-03-12 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A Radar sensor with frequency dependent beam steering
US20240396213A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2024-11-28 Galtronics Usa, Inc. Mitigating beam squint in multi-beam forming networks
US12218436B2 (en) * 2019-10-18 2025-02-04 Galtronics Usa, Inc. Mitigating beam squint in multi-beam forming networks

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FR2117616A5 (OSRAM) 1972-07-21

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Owner name: ITT CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004389/0606

Effective date: 19831122