Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C243/00—Compounds containing chains of nitrogen atoms singly-bound to each other, e.g. hydrazines, triazanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C275/04—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C275/06—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C275/16—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and saturated carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
  • C08G18/0809—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups
  • C08G18/0814—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups containing ammonium groups or groups forming them
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
  • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step

Definitions

• This invention relates to highly elastic linear segmented polyurethanes comprising segments which result from the use of monoureadihydrazides as chain extenders, and to a process for their production.
• substantially linear, relatively high molecular weight, NCO preadducts obtained from relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds (optionally together with relatively small quantities of low molecular weight diols) and a molar excess of organic diisocyanates, can be reacted, in highly polar organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide, with substantially bifunctional chain extenders containing two active hydrogen atoms, resulting in the formation of viscous solutions of substantially linear polyurethane elastomers, which can be converted from the solution into elastic filaments or films.
• highly polar organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide
• Diamines preferably aliphatic or araliphatic diamines, hydrazine or dihydrazide compounds in particular, are used as chain extenders.
• Diamines and hydrazine show a high level of reactivity to NCO preadducts which preferably contain aromatically bound NCO groups, with the result that there is a considerable danger of non-homogeneous crosslink'ed components (jellyfis' being formed in the elastomer solution. A number of chemical modifications, or expensive technical apparatus, are required to reduce this tendency towards orosslinking.
• Residual elongation remains high even after hydrothermal treatment (for example in boiling water) of, in particular elastomeric, filaments under an initial tension (for example at 100% elongation).
• This limited resistance to elongation under thermal or hydrothermal conditions of dihydrazide-extended elastomeric filaments, extended for example with succinic acid or adipic acid dihydrazide, is particularly undesirable in finishing and dyeing processes.
• elastomeric filaments of this kind react, for example when carbodihydrazide is used as chain extender and under the effect of traces of certain metal ions (for 3,708,453 Patented Jan. 2, 1973 example Cu++ or Mg), in such a way that the filaments discolour, thus detrimentally affecting the appearance of undyed fabric, even though there may be no evidence of any effect upon their strength properties.
• bis-semicarbazides for example 1,2-ethylene bis-semicarbazide or 1,4-tetramethylcne-bis-semicarbazide
• the solubility of these bis-semicarbazides is highly unfavourable so that, depending upon the structure of the bis-semicarbazides, they remain partly undissolved even in boiling dimethyl formamide.
• the polyurethane elastomers formed are inadequately solvated by the solvent with the result that they are precipitated in the form of a pasty gel, which is either impossible or extremely difiicult to convert into filaments or films.
• salts such as these has a deletrious effect upon the spinning properties of the solutions.
• Alkylene-bis-carbazine esters have also been proposed as chain extending agents for polyurethanes.
• polyurethanes chain-extended with alkylene-b-is-carbazine esters have relatively low melting points, and filaments spun from polyurethanes chain extended in this way show extremely unsatisfactory thermal and hydrothermal behaviour, that is to say, they are elongated to considerable extent at elevated temperatures, and especially when tested in hot water, and following relaxation show extremely high residual elongations.
• a linear segmented polyurethane comprising chain extending segments, at least 5 mol percent of which consists of a chain-extension segment of the structure in which R represents a radical of the formula (CH (wherein x represents 1 or 2) or of the formula based in the total of chain-extending agent, of a monourea dihydrazide of the formula in which R represents an alkylene radical with l or 2 carbon atoms or an aromatic or araliphatic radical of the formula amt-@- (wherein y represents 0, 1 or 2), said reaction being carried out and up to 95 mol percent of a chain extending agent selected from the group consisting of water, a glycol and a compound of the formula H NZ-NH wherein Z is a single bond or a bivalent organic radical, in the presence of a highly polar organic solvent, and then removing the solvent.
• R represents a radical of the formula (CH (wherein x represents 1 or 2) or of the formula based in the total of chain-extending agent, of a mono
• the removing of the solvents in this process can be effected by evaporation or coagulation, preferable by a a wet spinning process.
• polyurethane elastomers extended with urea diacetic acid hydrazide and urea dipropionic acid hydrazide R represents -CI-I or (CH show particularly outstanding properties, so that they are preferably used as bifunctional compounds containing two active hydrogen atoms, for chain-extending the NCO preadducts, particularly when the polyurethanes are to be converted into elastomeric filaments.
• elastomers of this kind After spinning from solution by conventional dry-or-wet-spinning processes, elastomers of this kind give high grade elastomeric filaments with considerably improved thermal and hydrothermal properties, coupled with outstanding strength and elastic properties.
• the filaments and films are colourstable to heavy metals, for example, copper ions, and show a better resistance to hydrolysis than comparable dihydrazide compounds.
• the polyurethane elastomers are readily soluble in the usual solvents, for example dimethyl formamide or dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
• the monourea dihydrazides used as chain extenders in accordance with the invention are all new compounds. These new compounds include urea-N,N'-dipropionic acid hydrazide, urea-N,N'- diphenyl-4,4'-carboxylic acid hydrazide, urea-N,N-diphenyl-4,4-diacetic acid hydrazide, and urea-N,N- diphenyl-4,4-dipropionic acid hydrazide.
• urea di- (methyl acetic acid)-hydrazide urea di-butyric acid hydrazide or urea diphenyl-3,3-carboxylic acid hydrazide is sufiicient to reduce the thermal and hydrotherminal properties of the elastomeric filaments made from elastomers chain-extended with these hydrazides to an inadequate level.
• novel compounds can be obtained, for example, by the hydrazinolysis of alkyl or aryl esters (methyl, ethyl or phenyl ester being preferred) of the corresponding urea dicarboxylic acids:
• urea dicarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acid esters are obtained from amino acids and amino acid esters respectively by the action of phosgene or diphenyl carbonate.
• a substantially linear, relatively high molecular weight, NCO preadduct obtained from a relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compound (optionally together with a relatively small quantity of a low molecular weight dihydroxy compound) and excess of a diisocyanate, are reacted in a highly polar organic solvent with a substantially equivalent quantity of a chain-extender (a monourea dihydrazide, optionally in admixture with known chain-extenders).
• a chain-extender a monourea dihydrazide, optionally in admixture with known chain-extenders.
• the products obtained by the process are linear segmented polyurethane elastomers consisting of characteristic intralinear segments with the ideal structure I in which D represents a long-chain bivalent, substantially aliphatic polymer radical derived by loss of terminal hydroxy groups from a relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compound with a melting point below 60 C. and a molecular weight of from 500 to 6000, without any substituents that are reactive to isocyanate,
• Y represents a bivalent organic radical derived from an aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic diisocyanate
• G represents a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical derived by loss of terminal hydroxy groups from a dialcohol with a molecular weight of from 62 to 300, preferably containing one or more tertiary aliphatic amino groups.
• s 0 or an integer of at least 1, for example from 1 to 5, preferably 1,
• n: 1 or an integer, for example from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, and
• n 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2.
• the elastomers have a breaking elongation of more than 300% and an intrinsic viscosity (measured on a 1% by weight solution in hexamethyl phosphoramide at 25 C.) of at least 0.5, to give adequate elastic properties in the filaments and films.
• the substantially linear segmented polyurethane elastomers may contain up to a maximum of 95 mol percent, and preferably up to 45 mol percent, of intralinear segments obtained by reacting the NCO preadducts with known chain-extenders such as water, amino alcohols or compounds containing two terminal NH groups, and may have the structure II cis/ trans mixture of CH2CH2 -CH2 CH-radieals CIT-CH2 a divalent aromatic radical, without any condensed rings, preferably a (wherein X is a direct bond or O, CH2CH2, Ol CF13) a bivalent araliphatic radical, preferably a 1,3- or (y:0 or 1); or a radical where R" represents a divalent organic radical with up to 13 carbon atoms, preferably an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical, preferably an or the radical -HN-CO'--(CH NHCONH- Examples of suitable relatively high molecular
• polyesters of adipic and optionally mixtures of dialcohols for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol, 2,5-hexane diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol, 1,6- hexane diol, 2,2-dimethyl1,3-propane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, 2-methyl-1,6-hexane diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-hexane diol p-bis-(hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 3-rnethyl-1,4- pentane diol, and 2,2-diethyl-l,3-propane diol, preferably those with diols or mixtures of diols containing 5 or more carbon atoms because polyesters of this kind show a relatively high resistance to hydrolysis and, especially when diols containing lateral alkyl radicals are
• Polyurethane elastomers with an outstanding resistance to hydrolysis can be obtained from polyalkylene ethers, for example polytrimethylene ether diols or polypropylene glycols, and preferably from polytetramethylene ether diols, which may also be used as mixed polyethers (through the incorporation by condensation of small quantities of epoxides, such as propylene oxide or epichlorohydrin) or following end-group modification, for example replacing the OH groups by the group.
• Polyepichlorohydrins with terminal OH groups in the aforementioned molecular weight range are also suitable for fiameproof end products.
• Basic polyethers, whose tertiary amino groups may be quaternised (optionally in part), are also suitable.
• Suitable polycarbonates include those containing 1,6- hexane diol as the sole or predominant dialcohol in addition to other diols, or those of -hydroxy caproic acid- -hydroxyhexyl ester.
• Aromatic diisocyanates of symmetrical structure are particularly suitable, for example diphenyl methane-4,4-diisocyanate, diphenyl, dimethylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, phenylene-l,4-diisocyanate, 2,2, 6,6'-tetramethyl diphenyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate, diphenyl 4,4 diisocyanate diphenyl ether- 4,4 diisocyanate, or their alkyl-, alkoxylor halogensubstituted derivatives, tolylene-2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanates and their commercial mixtures, 2,4-diisopropyl phenylene 1,3 diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate and a,a,a,a' tetramethyl p xylylene diisocyanate, also alkylor
• Aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as hexane-1,6-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-l,4-diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl methane- 4,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3-is0cyanatomethyl-3,5,5- trimethyl cyclohexane or 2,2,4-trimethyl hexane-1,6-diisocyanate may be used, optionally in portions, and give products which show little or no discolouration under the effect of light.
• Diisocyanates such as, -di-(isocyanatoethyl)-'benzene or 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrodiphenylmethane- 4,4-diisocyanate also give products which show little discoloration under the effect of light.
• the relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds HODOH described above are reacted with the diisocyanates in molar excess, for example in a molar ratio of from 111.25 to 124.0, and preferably in a molar ratio of from 1:1.30 to 1:25, the diisocyanates optionally being added in stages either in the melt or in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxan, ethyl acetate, Z-butanone, chlorobenzene or dimethyl formarnide at temperatures of up to about 130 C.
• the diisocyanates are preferably reacted with low molar ratios, for example from about 1:1.25 to 1:2.0; and in higher molar ratios, for example of from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5; where the relatively high molecular weight hydroxyl compounds have molecular weights higher in the stated range, for example from '1500 to 2500.
• the isocyanate preadducts it is possible to use relatively small quantities of low molecular weight diosl HOG-OH with molecular weights of 62 to about 300, particularly those containing one or more tertiary amino groups, in addition to the relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds HODCH during the reaction with the diisocyanates.
• the diols may be added in admixture with the relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds, or at any time during or even after the NCO preadduct formation from diisocyanate and relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds.
• diols examples include ethylene glycol, butane- 1,4-diol, bis-N,N-(B hydroxyethyl) methylamine, bis- N,N-(,8-hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine, N,N-dimethyl- N,N' bis ([3 hydroxypropyl)-ethylene diamine, N,N'- bis 8 hydroxypropyl)-piperazine, N.N'-bis-([3-hydroxyethyl) piperazine and hydroquinone bis (/3 hydroxyethyl ether).
• the use of diols containing tertiary amino groups above increases affinity for dyes, improves light stability and provides the starting point for further aftertreatments, for example crosslinking reactions with 4,4- bis-chloromethyl diphenyl ether.
• the low molecular weight diols are generally used in a quantity of from 0.05 to 1.0 mol, and preferably in a quantity of from 0.05 to 0.5 mol, and with particular advantage in a quantity of from 0.07 to 0.25 mol, per mol of polyhydroxy compound in the formation of the NCO preadducts.
• the quantity of diisocyanate used is best increased beyond the molar ratios which have just been specified by a quantity corresponding to that of the low molecular weight diol, for example from 0.05 to 1.0 mol. This results in the formation of isocyanate preadducts of the structure:
• the typical structural segments of the isocyanate preadducts (which may also be referred to as relatively high molecular weight diisocyanates), resulting from pro-extension or from glycol incorporation, are formed in a more or less statistic l. sequence and m y ptionally occur repeatedly.
• the NCO-group content of the isocyanate preadduct (expressed as percent by weight of NCO in the solvent-free NCO preadduct) is of a decisive importance to the properties of the polyurethane elastomers obtained from them.
• the reaction with the monourea dihydrazides used as chain-extenders in accordance with the invention can only be carried out with NCO preadducts whose NCO content in the solids component is at least 1.0%; the isocyanate preadducts should preferably have an NCO content of from 1.5 to about 6% by weight. Isocyanate contents of from 1.75 to 3.5%, based on the solids content of the isocyanate preadduct, are particularly preferred when the elastomers obtained from them are to be used for the production of elastomeric filaments.
• Monourea dihydrazides of the formula are used as bifunctional chain-extending agents containing two active hydrogen atoms in substantially equivalent quantities. based on the NCO groups in the N preadduct, preferably as sole chain-extenders but also as component chain-extenders. Urea diacetic acid hydrozide and urea dipropionic acid hydrazide are particularly preferred.
• the monourea dihydrazides In addition to at least mol percent, and preferably more than 55 mol percent, of the monourea dihydrazides, however, it is also possible to use up to 95 mol percent, and preferably up to 4-5 mol percent, of other commercial chain-extenders with molecular weights of from 18 to about 300, such as water, glycols, and diamine compounds corresponding to the formula H NZNH in which Z is as defined above.
• Suitable conventional chain-extenders include for example water, aminoalcohols such as aminoethanol, and organic compounds containing two terminal NH groups, for example hydrazine (or hydrazine hydrate); aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines, preferably ethylene diamine, 1,2-propylene diarnine, cisand/or trans-1,3-diamino cyclohexane, N,N-bis-(Y-aminopropyl)-methylamine, N,N'- dimethyl N,N,' bis (Y aminopropyl) ethylene diamine, N,N'-bis (Y-aminopropyl)-piperazine, or N,N'- bis (Y aminopropyl-2,5-dimethyl piperazine; aromatic diamines, preferably, 4,4'-diamino diphenyl methane, 4,4- diamino diphenyl ether, 4,4'-diamino diphenyl ethane,
• the chain-extension reactions may also be carried out stepwise or with mixtures of the chain-extending agents.
• Reaction of the isocyanate preadducts with the chainextending agent is preferably carried out with equivalent quantities (based on the NCO content), for example from lOOZto 120 mol percent and preferably from 100 to 110 mol percent, of chain-extending agents, preferably at temperatures of from about 0 to 130 C., advantageously from 20 to 80 C., in solvents.
• Suitable solvents include highly polar organic water soluble solvents, preferably with boiling points from about 140 to 225 C., which contain amide, urea or sulphoxide groups and which are capable of forming strong hydrogen bridge bonds, for example dimethyl forrnamide, diethyl forrnamide, formamide, dimethyl acetamide, formyl morpholine, hexamethyl phosphoramide, tetramethyl urea, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl cyanarnide or mixtures thereof.
• solvents include dimethyl formamide or dimethyl acetamide, Less polar solvents, which on their own are not able to dissolve polyurethanes and polyurethane ureas, for example tetrahydrofuran, dioxan, acetone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or chlorobenzene, can be added to the highly polar solvents in minor quantities, amounting for example to 33% by weight of the total amount of solvent.
• concentration of the elastomer solutions should be from about 5 to 43% by weight, and preferably from about 10 to 33% by weight, the viscosities lying in the range from 1 to 1000 poises and preferably from about 50 to 800 poises at 20.
• the molecular weight of the segmented elastomers according to the invention should be so high that the intrinsic viscosity measured at 25 C. should be at least 0.5, and preferably from 0.70 to 0.9, when 1.0 g. of elastomer is kept dissolved in ml. of hexamethyl phosphoramide solution (phosphoric acid tri-dimethyl amide) at 20 C.
• 01R represents the relative viscosity (ratio of the throughfiow time of the solution to the throughflow time of the solvent), whilst C represents the concentration in g./ 100 ml.
• the melting points of the elastomers determined on a Kofler bench, should be above 200 C. and preferably above 230" C., when the elastomers are to be used as starting materials for elastomeric fiilaments.
• the solutions of the polyurethanes and polyurethane ureas can be mixed with organic or inorganic pigments, dyes, optical brighteners, UV absorbers, phenolic antioxidants, in particular light stabilizers such as N,N-dialkyl semicarbazides or N,N-dialkyl hydrazides, and substances with a crosslinking effect for example paraformaldehyde, melamine hexamethylol ether or other formaldehyde derivatives, such as dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea, dimethylol ethylene urea, trimethylol melamine or dimethylol urea dimethyl ether, quarternising agents, for example dichloromethyl durene, or polyaziridine ureas, for example hexamethylene-w, w-bis-ethylene imide urea. Resistance to the dissolving and swelling effect of highly polar solvents can be modified, for example, by a thermally-initiated cross-linking reaction.
• the solvent can be removed from the elastomer solutions by a variety of methods known per se, including evaporation or coagulation, optionallynccompanied by formation of the required shaped articles, such as filaments or films.
• Films or coating can be obtained by drying the elastomer solution on substrates, for example glass plates or textile materials. Filaments can be obtained by wet or dry spinning.
• Microporous coatings can be formed by brush coating elastomer solutions on to (optionally textile) substrates (for example webs), optionally in the presence of moist air, followed by coagulation in nonsolvents for the polyurethane, for example water or aqueous solutions.
• the microporosity of the films can be increased even further by suitable additives, such as finely divided salts, emulsifiers or soluble polyamides.
• Films obtained by brush-coating the elastomer solution on to glass plates followed by drying (for 30 minutes at 70 C. and 45 minutes at 100 C.), ultimate thickness approximately 0.15 to 0.25 mm. In some instances, filaments with a thickness of from about 250 to 800 dtex, were cut from the films by means of a film-slicing or cutting machine and then tested.
• Wet-spinning a preferably 20% by weight elastomer solution is spun at a rate of approximately 1 ml. per minute through a nozzle with 20 bores, each 0.12 mm. in diameter, into a coagulation bath heated to a temperature from 80 to 85 of 90% by weight of water and 10% by weight of dimethyl formamide (length approximately 3 metres), and after passing through the washing zone (water at 90 C.) the filaments obtained are wound up at a take-oif rate of 5 metres per minute.
• the bobbins are kept in hot water (50 C.) for 1 hour and then dried.
• Dry-spinning a preferably 24 to 25% by weight elastomer solution is spun through a nozzle with 16 bores, each 0.20 mm. in diameter, into a 5 metres long shaft heated to a temperature from 220 to 250 C. into which is blown air heated to a temperature from 210 to 280 C.
• the filaments are taken off at a rate of approximately 100 metres per minute and, following preparation with a talcum suspension, are wound up for example at a rate of from 125 to 175 metres per minute, optionally with stretching.
• the filaments can then be subjected to an aftertreatment, either on bobbins or in a continuous cycle. (The spinning rates may be even higher, for example from 300 to 400 metres per minute.)
• Breaking elongation is measuredin a tensile testing machine in which the length of the filament between grips is controlled by a photocell, and the degree of slip through the grips is compensated.
• the modulus 300% (in the first elongation curve), the modulus 150% (in the 3rd return curve) and the permanent elongation (after 3 300% elongation, 30 seconds after relaxation) are determined in order to characteristise the elastic properties.
• HDT heat distortion temperature
• the denier of elastomeric filaments laid out for 3 hours in the absence of tension under normal climatic conditions is determined (by weighing a length of filament under an initial tension or load of 0.045 mg./dtex).
• An elastomeric filament with a length between the grips of 250 mm. is suspended at room temperature in a tube containing air filled with nitrogen under an initial tension of 1.8 mm./dtex.
• the tube is surrounded by a heating jacket through which a silicone oil heated by way of a thermostat flows.
• the temperature prevailing in the tube is initially increased to around 125 C. over a period of some 30 minutes, A further increase in temperature is carried out at a rate of 3 C. every 5 minutes until the elastomeric filament has undergone a change in length to more than 400 mm.
• the measurements obtained are recorded in a graph in such a way that, on the abscissa, 1 unit of length corresponds to a temperature difference of 20 C., whilst on the ordinate axis, one unit corresponds to a change in length of the elastomeric filament of 20 mm.
• the heat distortion temperature is that temperature which is read off from the abscissa by vertically projecting the point of contact of the 45 tangent to the temperature/length change curve.
• the temperature stability of the elastomers is generally assessed as bei g greater the higher the HDT value.
• HWSA hot water
• the hydrothermal properties are assessed as being higher, the greater the second value (tension in hot water) in mg./dtex and the smaller the third value (residual elongation after treatment in the relaxed state).
• the tension value in water should be at least 13.5 mg./dtex, a level of at least 18 mg./dtex being required of high grade elastomeric filaments.
• residual elongation in the relaxed state should be less than 45% and preferably, less than 40%.
• HWL hot water
• hydrothermal properties are assessed to be higher the smaller the second value (elongation in hot water) and the smaller the third value (permanent elongation after relaxation).
• the second value should be less than 250% and preferably less than 150%.
• Residual elongation (3rd value) should be less than 150% and preferably less than 100%.
• the melting point of the elastomeric substance is measured on a film strip after a residence time of 2 minutes on a Kofler bench, and for elastomeric filaments should be above 200C. and preferably above 230 C.
• a phosgene solution is prepared by dissolving 50 g. of phosgene in 450 ml. of benzene. Half the solution is added dropwise over a period of 1 hour at 5 to 10 C. to the two-phase alanine ester solution. A solution of 29.5 g. of potash and 25 g. of potassium bicarbonate in 150 20 ml. of water is then run in, followed by the dropwise addition of the second half of the phosgene solution over a period of 1 hour. This is followed by stirring for 1.5 hours at 20 C. Some of the urea ester is precipitated between the phases.
• the benzene is distilled off in vacuo from a glass beaker equipped with a stirring mechanism.
• the crude urea ester accumulates in the form of a white crystal mass, crude yield 123 g. or 94.5%, M.P. 92 C.
• the methylene chloride solution is washed twice with 8% by weight sodium hydroxide solution and twice with water.
• the urea dimethyl ester is isolated from the methylene chloride solution in a yield of 75%, and can be recrystallised from 2 ml./ g. of
• Esterification of the 1.3-alanine with alcohol/HCl proceeds very readily. Since according to literature references, the ester hydrochloride is almost impossible to isolate on a large scale by the addition of ether to the esterification solution while cooling, the following procedure is adopted: 712 g. of fl-alanine (8.0 mols) are suspended in 920 ml. of alcohol and 400 g. of HCl gas are introduced into the resulting suspension. The mixture is brought to the boil over a period of 20 minutes and kept boiling for a total of 120 minutes. A clear solution is obtained after 90 minutes. On completion of esterification, 460 ml. of benzene are added and the water of esterification formed is azeotropically distilled off.
• Example 1 100 g. of a mixed polyester of adipic acid and a glycol mixture of 1,6-hexane diol/2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol in a molar ratio of 65:35 (OH number 66.0) and 2.0 g. of N,N-bis-(fi-hydroxypropyl)-methylamine are heated for 60 minutes at 110 C. with 4,4-diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The melt is dissolved in 100 g. of chlorobenzene. The NCO- content amounts to 1.40% by weight (corresponding to 2.49% by weight in the solids component).
• urea-N,N-diacetic acid hydrazide 7.15 g. of urea-N,N-diacetic acid hydrazide are dissolved at 120 C. in 370 g. of DM-F. 200 g. of the NCO prepolymer solution are stirred into the solution of the chain-extender heated to 80 C. The viscosity of the elastomer solution is further increased by the addition of 2.0 ml. of a by weight solution of hexane-1,6-diis0- cyanate in dioxan.
• the viscous 20.9% by weight elastomer solution is pigmented with 4% by weight of titanium dioxide, based on the solids content of the elastomer, and cast into films from which filaments are cut and then wet-spun into fibres (cf. general procedure).
• the properties of the filaments are set out in Table 1 and compared with the results from comparison tests, especially with succinic acid dihydrazide as chain-extender. After one hour in a solution of copper sulphate in amomnia (n/20 CuSO the elastomeric filaments do not show any signs of discolouration, and have a melting point of from 230 to 235 C. (Kofler bench).
• Example 2 100 g. of the polyester described in Example 1 (molecular weight 1650) are dehydrated following the addition of 0.1 ml. of a 33% by weight S0 solution of dioxan. Following the addition of 2.1 g. of N-ethyl-bis-(fi-hydroxypropyl) amine, the polyhydroxy compounds are heated for 60 minutes at 100 C. with 28.6 g. of 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The NCO prepolymer melt is then dissolved in 100 g. of dioxan giving a solution with an NCO content of 1.39% by weight (calculated 1.43% by weight). 8.15 g.
• ura-N,N'-dipropionic acid hydrazidc are dissolved in 35 ml. of water (20 C.), and 320 g. of dimethyl formamide (50 C.) are added to this solution.
• 200 g. of NCO prepolymer solution are run into the clear aqueous solution with thorough stirring.
• the viscous elastomer solution formed is pigmented with 18.5 g. of a 33.3% by weight TiO paste (1 part by weight of rutile, 1 part by weight of dimethyl formamide and 1 part by weight of elastomer solution), i.e. 4% by weight of TiO based on elastomer substance.
• the solution (27.4% by weight) is cast into films and, after dilution to a concentration of 20% by weight, is wet-spun into filaments.
• the properties of the filaments are set out in Table 1 and compared with the results of comparison tests, especially with results obtained when using adipic acid hydrazide.
• the elastomeric filaments do not show any signs of discolouring when stored in an ammoniacal N/ 20 CuSO solution, and have a melting point of from 232 to 235 C.
• Example 3 200 g. of the polyester described in Example 1 are dehydrated following the addition of 0.2 m1. of a 30% by weight S0 solution in dioxan. Following the addition of 4.0 g. of N-methyl-bis-(fl-hydroxypropyD-amine in 10 g. of chlorobenzene, the hydroxy compounds are heated for minutes at C. with 53.8 g. 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The melt is dissolved in 190 g. of chlorobenzene, the solution has an NCO content of 1.09% by weight (corresponding to 1.94% by weight in the solids component). 8.80 g.
• urea-N,N'-diphenyl-4,4'-carboxylic acid hydrazile are dissolved at C. in 100 g. of N- methyl-pyrrolidone.
• This solution of the chain-extending agent is diluted with 220 g. of dimethyl formamide heated to 70 C. 200 g. of the NCO prepolymer solution are stirred at 70 C. into the extender solution.
• the 23.1% by weight viscous elastomer solution formed is pigmented with 4% by weight of T102, based on solid elastomer.
• the elastomer solution is cast into films from which cut filaments are prepared.
• the properties of the filaments are set out in Table 1.
• the filaments have a melting point of 238 to 242 C. ,(Kofler bench).
• Example 4 100 g. of the polyester described in Example 1 are dehydrated as described in Example 3. Together with 2.0 g. of N-methyl-bis-([i-hydroxypropyl)-amine, the polymer is heated for 90 minutes at 100 C. with 29.2 g. of 4,4-diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The NCO prepolymer melt is dissolved in 100 g. of chlorobenzene. The solution has an NCO content of 1.42% by weight (corresponding to 2.50% by weight in the solids component).
• Example 5 100 g. of the polyester described in Example 1 are dehydrated as in Example 3. Following the addition of 2.0 g. of N-methyl-bis-(B-hydroxypropyD-amine, the polyester is heated for 90 minutes at 100 C. with 26.9 g. of 4,4--diphenyl methane diisocyanate.
• the NCO prepolymer melt is taken up in 100 g. of chlorobenzene, the NCO content amounts to 1.10% by weight (corresponding to 1.96% by weight in the solids component).
• urea-N,N'-diphenyl-4,4'-propionic acid hydrazide 10.60 g. of urea-N,N'-diphenyl-4,4'-propionic acid hydrazide are dissolved at 180 C. in 200 g. of N-methyl pyrrolidone. This solution is diluted with 120 g. of dimethyl formamide heated to 100 C. 200 g. of the NCO prepolymer solution are stirred in at 95 C. After pigmenting with rutile (4% by weight), the 23.1% by weight highly viscous elastomer solution is cast into films, from which cut filaments are prepared. The properties of the filaments are set out in Table 1. The filaments have a melting point of from 236 to 238 C. (Kofier bench).
• Example 6 100 g. of a linear polyhydroxy carbonate of w-hydroxyphenyl-w'-hydroxycaproic acid ester and diphenyl carbonate with an OH number of 65.0 are heated for 60 minutes at 100 C. with 24.0 g. of 4,4'-diphenyl methane di isocyanate.
• the NCO prepolymer melt is dissolved in 200 g. of methyl ethyl ketone giving a solution with an NCO content of 1.05% by weight (corresponding to 2.73% by Weight in the solids component).
• Example 7 1000 g. of a polytetramethylene ether diol with an OH number of 109.5 are reacted for 20 minutes at 70 to 72 C. with 216 g. of N,N'-bis-(,B-hydroxypropyD-methylamine. 402.8 g. of diphenyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 160 g. of dioxan, and the reaction mixture is quickly cooled to room temperature.
• the prepolymer solution has an NCO content of 2.72% by weight. 27.1 g. of finely ground urea-N,N'-dipropionic acid hydrazide are suspended at 90 to 95 C. in 991 g. of dimethyl formamide, 364 g.
• the elastomer solution is dry spun into a shaft heated to 220 C. and taken off at a rate of 100 metres per minute. Some of the filaments are wound on to bobbins without pre-elongation and others under a pre-elongation of 50%, and then thermofixed by heating on bobbins for 1 hour at 130 C.
• Table l The properties are set out in Table l.
• the following results which demonstrate the outstanding 800 g. of a mixed polyester with the composition described in Example 1 (OH number 68) are reacted for 50 minutes at 95 to 98 C. with 15.4 g. of N,N-bis-( 8- hydroxypropyl)-methylamine, 144.7 g. of p-phenylene diisocyanate and 240 g. of chlorobenzene.
• the NCO prepolymer After rapid cool- 18 ing to room temperature, the NCO prepolymer has an NCO content of 2.03% by weight.
• Example 9 18.0 g. of urea-N,N'-dipropionic acid hydrazide and 3.5 g. of piperazine-N,N'-dipropionic acid hydrazide are dissolved at 1l0l20 C. in 835 g. of dimethyl formamide, and reacted at 80 with 358 g. of the NCO preadduct solution from Example 8. After pigmenting with 4% by weight of TiO a highly viscous noticeably light elastomer solution with a viscosity of 710 poises at 20 C. is obtained. The solution is converted into films, which are in turn converted into filaments which show the properties set out in Table l. The filaments have a melting point of from 226 to 228 C. on a Kofler bench. The filaments are distinguished by a level of stability to light which is even more favourable than that in the preceding example.
• Example 10 100 g. of a mixed polyester with the composition described in Example 1 (OH number 65.9) are heated for minutes at 50 C. with 19.85 g. of N,N'-bis-(B-hydroxypropyl)-methylamine, 269.4 g. of diphenyl methane, 4,4'-diisocyanate and 322 g. of dimethyl formamide. After cooling to room temperature, the N CO prepolymer solution has an NCO content of 1.68% by weight.
• a linear segmented polyurethane comprising chainextending segments, at least 5 moi. percent of which consist of a chain-extension segment of the structure in which R represents a radical of the formula -(CH wherein x represents 1 or 2 or of the formula wherein y represents '0, 1 or 2.
• linear segmented polyurethane 0t claim 1 wherein at least 55 mol. percent of said chain-extending segments have the structure claim 1 having breaking elongation in excess of 300% and an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5 measured in a 1% by Weight solution in hexamethylphosphoramide at 25 C., which comprises intralinear segments of the structure D is a long chain divalent aliphatic polymer radical derived [from a relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxy compound with a molecular weight of from 600 to 5000 and a melting point below 60 C.,
• Y represents a divalent organic radical derived from an aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic diisocyanate
• G represents a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical derived from a dialcohol with molecular weight of from 62 to 300 or of a dialcohol with molecular weight of from 62 to 300 containing 1 or more tertiary aliphatic amino groups
• R represents an alkylene radical with 1 or 2 carbon atoms or an aromatic or araliphatic radical of the formula - cnz)@ wherein y represents 0, 1 or 2 r is an integer of at least 1 sis 0 or an integer of at least 1 m is an integer of at least 1, and n is an integer from 1 to 5.
• a highly elastic polyurethane elastomer fiber comprising the linear segmented polyurethane of claim 1.
• 5 DONALD CZAJA Primary Examiner 7 A polyurethane elastomer solution which comprises a solution of from 10 to 33% by weight of a polyurethane WELSH Asslstant Exammer according to claim 1 and a polar aliphatic solvent contain- US Cl. X R ing an amide, urea or sulphoxide group and having a boiling point of up to C. 10 260-30.8 DS, 32.6 N, 75 NH, 77.5 AM, 77.5 SP

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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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Cited By (4)

• 0
  • BE BE757621D patent/BE757621A/fr unknown
• 1969
  • 1969-10-17 DE DE19691952394 patent/DE1952394A1/de active Pending
• 1970
  • 1970-10-09 US US00079714A patent/US3708453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1970-10-14 GB GB48770/70A patent/GB1286389A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-10-16 FR FR7037534A patent/FR2066131A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-10-16 NL NL7015241A patent/NL7015241A/xx unknown
  • 1970-10-16 JP JP45090572A patent/JPS4843199B1/ja active Pending

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