US3707843A - Prime mover system utilizing bis (trifluoromethyl) benzene as working fluid - Google Patents

Prime mover system utilizing bis (trifluoromethyl) benzene as working fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3707843A
US3707843A US00215438A US3707843DA US3707843A US 3707843 A US3707843 A US 3707843A US 00215438 A US00215438 A US 00215438A US 3707843D A US3707843D A US 3707843DA US 3707843 A US3707843 A US 3707843A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
working fluid
prime mover
trifluoromethyl
benzene
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00215438A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Conner
L Ferstandig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HALOCARBON PROD CORP
HALOCARBON PROD CORP US
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HALOCARBON PROD CORP
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An anti-pollution heat engine including a prime mover system wherein the working fluid comprises bis [58] mido; a ;"'"'"'iiiiiii'iiii'ifii' 60/36 miflwmthy" 11 Claims, No Drawings PRIME MOVER SYSTEM UTILIZING BIS (TRIFLUOROMETIIYL) BENZENE AS WORKING FLUID
  • the present invention relates to prime mover systems for the conversion of heat into work by the expansion and condensation of, a heated pressurized vapor.
  • a vapor cycle heat engine operating to drive an expander, e.g. a turbine, piston engine, or the like, wherein heated pressurized water vapor is used as the working fluid in a prime mover system, commonly called an external combustion engine, is quite efflcient in its combustion of fuel, i.e. the fuel is substantially fully consumed; in addition, it is relatively flexible in the nature of the fuels which may be used.
  • a prime mover system commonly called an external combustion engine
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a safe working fluid for a vapor cycleengine such as the Rankine Cycle engine for a vehicle, boat or other power equipment, powered by an efficient, inexpensive, safe, low emission, prime mover system which can be powered by the' consumption of a variety of readily available fuels such as fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, natural gas, propane, butane, alcohol, oil and the like, or solid fuels, to minimize pollutionof the atmosphere.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a working fluid which is miscible with conventional high temperature lubricants and which will not react chemically with themat anypressure or temperature.
  • a conventional prime mover system such as a Rankine Cycle engine to provide mechanical work, except that the working fluid comprises a compound of the formula F55 XII wherein X is CH, or CF,,, and n is 0 or I.
  • n is 0 or i.
  • the preferred compound is bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene wherein the trifluoromethyl groups are in either meta or para-positions.
  • the working fluid can comprise individual pure isomers such as l,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene or it can comprise mixtures of isomers as well as blends with other substances such as hydrocarbons or fluorinated hydrocarbons in an effort to reduce the amount of trifluoromethylbenzene required, or the like.
  • the trifluoromethylbenzenes are suited for use over prolonged periods of time at high temperatures, e.g. about 500 to 700F.
  • high temperatures e.g. about 500 to 700F.
  • benzene per se has acceptable physical properties for use as a working fluid, it is highly flammable so as to make it unacceptable on that score.
  • Its stability upon prolonged exposure to high temperatures is quite satisfactory.
  • the resulting trifluoromethyl-benzene is indeed of reduced flammability but it is markedly decomposed in a relatively short time upon being held at 750F.
  • the stability instead of getting still poorer, improves dramatically.
  • the novel working fluids are especially useful in turbines and, compared to other working fluids, generally give a higher horsepower at a particular rpm or, for a given horsepower output, permit the turbine to operate at a lower rpm.
  • the prime mover system may be used for automobile vehicles, boats or for purposes other than motive power such as in electric generators, powered equipment, and the like, wherever other such systems or internal combustion engines have heretofore been used.
  • the motive power when involved, may drive any shaft including especially the drive shaft of vehicles such as automobiles.
  • the bis-(trifluoromethyl)benzenes are low melting and high boiling which is desirable in engines which may have to stand, without operating, in a variety of climates. They are non-corrosive upon the ordinary metals involved in engines and cooling systems such as automobile radiators, e.g. carbon steel, copper and aluminum, even upon prolonged exposure at high temperature, as can readily be seen from the following table: TABLE Tempernturo, Time, Remarks re Material Metal F. hours starting material (I 1': Carbon stop-L 600 1, 052 No decomposition.
  • the novel working fluid is miscible with conventional high temperature lubricants but inert relative thereto. As a result, it acts continually to dissolve any coatings of the lubricant which may tend to build up in the boiler, the throttle valve, the expander or in the cooling units. In a high speed turbine, where clearances are critical, this is particularly advantageous. In such a system only excessive accumulations of lubricant in the working fluid need be separated. This can be accomplished by demisters, cyclonic type separators and the like which provide only partial separation, located at any point in the system where the temperature of the vaporized fluid is below the dew point of the lubricant and above the dew point of the working fluid.
  • EXAMPLE l,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene of 99 percent purity can be used as the working fluid in a turbine, entering a boiler at 235F and leaving as a vapor at 500F and 270 psia.
  • the vapors are superheated to 650F at that pressure and then are expanded through the blades of a turbinewhose shaft is caused to rotate and perform work.
  • the expanded vapor which is still hot passes through a regenerator where it undergoes heat exchange with liquid working fluid, the vapor thereby being cooled; upon further cooling the vapor condenses, falling back to 237F and 14.7 psia at which point it enters a reservoir. From the reservoir the liquid is pumped to the boiler, on the way being subjected to heat exchange with the expanded still warm vapor referred to previously.
  • Blends with benzene, toluene, or the like are also satisfactory working fluids, although preferably the novel compounds comprise a major proportion of the working fluid.
  • Other compounds which may be used in accordance with the invention include 1,3,5- tris(trifluoromethyl )benzene; l,3-bis(trifluoromethyl S-methylbenzene, and the like.
  • a system according to claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a blend wherein a major proportion thereof is one or more compounds falling within the general formula.
  • the fluid comprises a blend wherein a major proportion thereof is one or more compounds falling within the general formula.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00215438A 1972-01-04 1972-01-04 Prime mover system utilizing bis (trifluoromethyl) benzene as working fluid Expired - Lifetime US3707843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21543872A 1972-01-04 1972-01-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3707843A true US3707843A (en) 1973-01-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00215438A Expired - Lifetime US3707843A (en) 1972-01-04 1972-01-04 Prime mover system utilizing bis (trifluoromethyl) benzene as working fluid

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3707843A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4873631A (ja)
BE (1) BE792268A (ja)
DE (1) DE2263966A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2167149A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1344055A (ja)
IT (1) IT970232B (ja)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802185A (en) * 1972-06-14 1974-04-09 Du Pont Generation of power using trichlorobenzene in a rankine-cycle engine
US20060010872A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using rankine cycle systems
US20100263140A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2010-10-21 Mehdi Khani Moghanaki Pipe & tubes cleaning mechanism

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19545312C2 (de) * 1995-11-09 2000-10-12 Walter Falkinger Binäres Wärmekraftwerk mit zwei geschlossenen Kreisläufen zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3040528A (en) * 1959-03-22 1962-06-26 Tabor Harry Zvi Vapor turbines
US3162580A (en) * 1962-07-16 1964-12-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of operating nuclear power plants
US3234734A (en) * 1962-06-25 1966-02-15 Monsanto Co Power generation
US3516248A (en) * 1968-07-02 1970-06-23 Monsanto Co Thermodynamic fluids

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3040528A (en) * 1959-03-22 1962-06-26 Tabor Harry Zvi Vapor turbines
US3234734A (en) * 1962-06-25 1966-02-15 Monsanto Co Power generation
US3162580A (en) * 1962-07-16 1964-12-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of operating nuclear power plants
US3516248A (en) * 1968-07-02 1970-06-23 Monsanto Co Thermodynamic fluids

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802185A (en) * 1972-06-14 1974-04-09 Du Pont Generation of power using trichlorobenzene in a rankine-cycle engine
US20060010872A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using rankine cycle systems
WO2006014609A3 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-04-27 Honeywell Int Inc Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using rankine cycle systems
US7428816B2 (en) 2004-07-16 2008-09-30 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using Rankine cycle systems
EP2282018A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2011-02-09 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using rankine cycle systems
EP3282103A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2018-02-14 Honeywell International Inc. Working fluids for thermal energy conversion of waste heat from fuel cells using rankine cycle systems
US20100263140A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2010-10-21 Mehdi Khani Moghanaki Pipe & tubes cleaning mechanism
US9346085B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2016-05-24 Mehdi Khani Moghanaki Pipe and tubes cleaning mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE792268A (fr) 1973-03-30
JPS4873631A (ja) 1973-10-04
DE2263966A1 (de) 1973-07-12
FR2167149A5 (ja) 1973-08-17
GB1344055A (en) 1974-01-16
IT970232B (it) 1974-04-10

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