US3697279A - Polymer encapsulated silver halide grains and photographic materials employing same - Google Patents

Polymer encapsulated silver halide grains and photographic materials employing same Download PDF

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US3697279A
US3697279A US115985A US3697279DA US3697279A US 3697279 A US3697279 A US 3697279A US 115985 A US115985 A US 115985A US 3697279D A US3697279D A US 3697279DA US 3697279 A US3697279 A US 3697279A
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silver halide
capsules
layer
color
grains
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Howard G Rogers
Lloyd D Taylor
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G03C8/426—Structures with microcapsules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/002—Photosensitive materials containing microcapsules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/30—Additive processes using colour screens; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2989—Microcapsule with solid core [includes liposome]

Definitions

  • minute capsules are formed of film-forming polymeric materials of a hydrophilic nature, such as gelatin, or of film-forming polymeric materials of a hydrophobic nature, such as polyvinyl chloride wherein each capsule consists of a nucleus composed of a solid or liquid material, preferably a color providing substance, around which has been deposited a dense shell-like coating of the above-mentioned polymeric material.
  • the polymeric layer enclosing the nucleus is itself overcoated by a substantially continuous layer which cm prises silver halide, which silver halide may be optically sensitized to provide a product suitable for photographic employment.
  • One widely used method of forming capsules employs a deposition of a complex colloid material around microscopic droplets of a water-immiscible medium by the process of causing coacervation by dilution or adjustment of the pH to occur in a mixture of two different colloid salts in which the water-immiscible material is dispersed as droplets, and then gelling the colloid material.
  • a deposition of a complex colloid material around microscopic droplets of a water-immiscible medium by the process of causing coacervation by dilution or adjustment of the pH to occur in a mixture of two different colloid salts in which the water-immiscible material is dispersed as droplets, and then gelling the colloid material.
  • a principal disadvantage to the photographic employment of microscopic capsules involves the natural attractive forces of silver halide which results in clumping of a plurality of individual grains of the silver halide. Because of such tendency of silver halide grains to clump or agglomerate, silver halide emulsions generally comprise a dispersion of the silver halide grains in a relatively large body of polymeric binder material, generally gelatin, which will serve to isolate to some de gree the silver halide particles spatially throughout the relatively large volume of binder material.
  • the employment of such large quantities of binder material in relation to the silver halide grains also introduced disadvantages such as relatively thick photosensitive layers in photographic products with attendant light-scattering problems and efficiency of contact of the silver halide grains with the appropriate processing composition.
  • the present invention is directed to microscopic capsules comprising silver halide completely surrounded by a continuous synthetic polymeric layer of sufiicient thickness to substantially insulate the individual silver halide grains from each other.
  • the silver halide employed is optically sensitized.
  • photographic reagents such as color providing substances, such as a dye developer, is disposed in the encapsulating polymeric layer.
  • the present invention is also directed to the method of forming such capsules wherein an ethylenically unsatu rated monomer is polymerized on the surface of said silver halide grain.
  • the present invention is also directed to photographic products and processes employing such capsules.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of a capsule within the scope of the present invention, the thickness of the components thereof being exaggerated;
  • FIG. 2 is a flow of a diagram illustrating a process for the preparation of capsules within the scope of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3-5 are diagrammatic cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the present invention for use in obtaining multicolor images during processing and comprising an integral multilayer photosensitive element, an image-receiving element and a processing fluid;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention for use in obtaining multicolor images by means of additive color photography employing a multicolor additive color screen;
  • FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph showing novel capsules of the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a capsule comprising a grain of silver halide which is completely surrounded or encapsulated with a continuous synthetic polymeric layer wherein said polymeric layer is of sufficient thickness to separate the capsules to prevent clumping or agglomeration of a plurality of silver halide grains.
  • a capsule comprising a grain of silver halide which is completely surrounded or encapsulated with a continuous synthetic polymeric layer wherein said polymeric layer is of sufficient thickness to separate the capsules to prevent clumping or agglomeration of a plurality of silver halide grains.
  • the uniformity of the coating and the rigidity of the coating provide spatial separation, substantially eliminating the problems of agglomeration, and permits the desired degree of packing or arrangement of the capsules on a support for photographic employment.
  • the novel capsules of the present invention are preferably photosensitized by conventional methods. Such sensitization may be achieved prior to or subsequent to the formation of the capsules, that is, the deposition of a polymeric layer may be achieved on either an unsensitized or a chromatically or panchromatically sensitized silver halide grain.
  • the polymeric layer i.e., the wall of the caspsule, contains disposed therein a color-providing substance, i.e., a dye image providing material; diffusion of said color-providing material being a function of exposure of the associated encap sulated silver halide.
  • a color-providing substance i.e., a dye image providing material
  • the thickness of the polymeric layer is not critical; it is only necessary that the polymeric layer be sufficiently thick and possess sufiicient rigidity to isolate the individual encapsulated silver halide grains from each other to prevent clumping and to permit a uniform distribution of the silver halide in forming a photographic product.
  • the thickness of the polymeric layer may vary over a relatively wide range. For example, for a silver halide grain 1 micron in diameter, a skin thickness ranging from 0.01 micron to 50 microns and preferably 0.5 micron may be employed.
  • polymer employed herein with reference to the polymeric layer encapsulating the silver halide is intended to include polymers prepared from single mono mers or copolymers prepared from two or more monomers. It should be further understood that the entire thickness of the polymeric layer may be composed of more than a single polymeric entity; thus, the polymeric layer may be built up to a certain thickness of a single polymer and then continued polymerization to provide the remainder of the polymeric layer being achieved by a second monomer.
  • the silver halides which are particularly useful in the present invention comprise silver chloride, silver chlorobromide, silver bromide, silver iodobrornide, silver iodochlorobromide, and combinations thereof which are conventionally employed in photosensitive elements.
  • the silver halides employed in forming the capsules of the present invention may be obtained in the form of conventional photographic silver halide emulsions, or they may be composed of silver halides in the form of aqueous suspensions obtained by precipitating the silver halides in the absence of a conventional binder material.
  • silver halide grains from any suitable source may be employed from any conventional method of preparing silver halide photographic emulsions, and in any size or shape.
  • the encapsulated silver halide crystals of the present invention are prepared by polymerizing on the surface of said crystal a monomer to provide a polymeric layer of sufl'icient thickness and rigidity to provide the abovedescribed spatial separation properties.
  • the silver halide grain itself provides the necessary sites for the polymerization of an olefinically unsaturated monomer.
  • polymerization is associated with the surface of the grain, with the wall of the capsule forming outwardly from the surface of said grain.
  • Preferential polymerization of the monomer on the silver halide crystal to the substantial exclusion of free polymer is achieved by providing in the absence of the silver halide grains, sub-threshold concentrations and/or conditions for bulk polymerization.
  • concentration of reactants, temperature, pH, pressure, energy input, e.g., radiant energy and the like are selected to provide a system under which polymerization will not occur in a relatively short period of time in the absence of the polymerization sites provided by the silver halide grains.
  • a relatively dilute concentration of monomer to the silver halide is employed.
  • the presence of free polymer that is, a polymer other than that asso ciated with the silver halide crystals. It has been found that polymerization, i.e., wall formation, occurs from the silver halide grain outwardly and that formation of the wall forces individual grains apart, thus providing and maintaining the desired spatial relationship between particles. Where incident radiation is one of the polymerizing conditions, some fogging of the silver halide grain may occur. In such a situation it may be desirable to contact the capsules with an oxidizing agent to oxidize the reduced silver back to silver halide.
  • the wall growth has been found to be proportional to the size of the silver halide grain.
  • a dilute solution of the monomer is fed to a reaction zone, preferably a constricted zone, more preferably a pipe line reactor, simultaneously with a dispersion of silver halide crystals and a suitable free radical initiator.
  • the polymerization reaction forms polymers on the surface of the silver halide crystal, which functions as the site for the polymerization. Because of the above-described dilute conditions which are employed in the polymerization process, the process results in a relatively large quantity of fluid medium which constituted the solvent for the monomer and the dispersing medium for the silver halide grains.
  • the capsules thus produced may be separated from such fluid media such as excess monomer, salts, thickeners and the like, by techniques known to the art, for example, by settling, by centrifuging, or by membrane separation techniques.
  • the thus-produced capsules may then be treated further, for example, by being contacted with other conventional photographic adjuvants such as stabilizers, sensitizers, and the like, or may he used directly in photographic products as a component of a photosensitive element.
  • various photographic or processing reagents may be incorporated into the capsule by disposing the given reagents in the monomer solution prior to polymerization. Upon formation of the polymer wall around the silver halide crystal, the reagents will be disposed with the wall.
  • reagents which may be disposed therein, mention may be made of light filtering dyes, dye precursors, such as color couplers, dye developers, developing agents, mordanting groups, silver salide precipitating agents, antifoggants, and the like.
  • polymeric dyes may also be employed, e.g., dyes containing a vinyl substituent may be copolymerized into the wall.
  • the silver halide employed in the present invention may be prepared directly in the form of aqueous suspension obtained in the preparation of silver halides or may be obtained in the form of conventional photographic silver halide emulsions, such as gelatin emulsions. If desired, the bulk of the binder material may be removed. It should be understood, therefore, that in such case an intermediate relatively thin coating of gelatin may surround the silver halide grain over which polymerization occurs. It has been found that substantially no significant effect on the polymeriza' tion is noted by virtue of the presence of the aforementioned binder.
  • the silver halide may be treated with conventional sensitizing agents known to the art prior to the polymerization step, or subsequent to the formation of the capsule.
  • One particular capability of the capsule of the present invention is in certain products or assemblages useful 1H photographic transfer reversal processes capable of producing a color print.
  • processes for forming color images by transfer techniques an imagewise distribution of one or more color-providing substances is formed in unexposed parts of the negative photosensitive element having one or more light sensitive portions having silver halide therein, and transferred to an image-receiving element.
  • the imagewise distribution of each color-providing substance so transferred and deposited on the image-receiving element arranged in superposed relation to the negative photosensitive element colors the image-receiving element a predetermined color to provide therein a monochromatic or multichromatic image comprising one or more positive images of negative latent color images formed by the exposure of said photosensitive element.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of a capsule 10 of the present invention which, in the embodiment shown, is composed of a nucleus of photosensitive silver halide 11, a thin inner coating of said silver halide grain composed of an emulsion binder 12, e.g., gelatin, and an outer polymeric layer 13 relatively thick with respect to gelatin layer 12.
  • the illustrated capsule denotes a product formed from a silver halide obtained from a conventional gelatin emulsion which would retain the thin gelatin coating around said silver halide subsequent to the removal of the bulk of the binder.
  • polymeric layer 13 may have optionally disposed therein a color-providing material or other photographic reagent.
  • a flow diagram is illustrated in FIG. 2 for the preparation of the novel capsules of the present invention.
  • a reservoir 20 contains ethylenically unsaturated monomer disposed in a suitable solvent.
  • a reservoir 21 contains silver halide and a suitable free radical initiator.
  • Lines 22 and 23 carry the monomer and silver halide, respectively, to point 24 where they are intermixed, preferably by means of jetting the respective components into a reaction zone shown as a pipe line reactor 25.
  • the residence time of the components is determined by the velocity of the components through line 25 and the length of line 25.
  • a reservoir 26 receives the thus-formed capsules, reaction materials, solvents and dispersing medium.
  • the contents of reservoir 26 can be withdrawn and capsules separated by suitable means described above.
  • the color-providing material such as the dye developer may be optionally disposed in reservoir 20 with the monomer to provide a capsule having said color-providing material disposed in the wall thereof.
  • the capsules of the present invention may be employed in a variety of photographic applications.
  • the capsules may be coated on a suitable support in a relatively thin or even a monolayer and with suitable sensitization be employed as a conventional photographic negative.
  • the application of such capsules on a suitable support may be carried out by techniques well known to the art, for example, by rollers, sprayers, brushes, or by any of the commonly used methods.
  • the capsules may be retained on the supports by their own adhesive forces or an additional supplementary adhesive or coating may be employed to secure them thereto.
  • novel capsules of the present invention are particularly suitable for obtaining multicolor images using dye developers in diffusion transfer reversal processes.
  • one process for obtaining multicolor transfer images utilizing dye developers employs an integral multicolor photosensitive element wherein at least two selectively sensitized photosensitive layers are superposed on a single support in a process simultaneously and without separation with a single common image-receiving layer.
  • a suitable arrangement of this type comprises a support carrying a red-sensitive silver halide layer, a green-sensitive silver halide layer and a blue-sensitive silver halide layer, said layers having associated therewith, respectively, a cyan dye developer, a magenta dye developer and a yellow dye developer.
  • An exposed multilayer photosensitive element 49 comprises support 47; a photosensitive layer 46 comprising in substantial contiguity a profusion of capsules comprising a red-sensitized silver halide wherein the walls of said capsules contain cyan dye developer; a photosensitive layer 45 comprising in substantial contiguity a profusion of capsules comprising green-ensitized silver halide wherein the walls of said capsules contain a magenta dye developer; and a photosensitive layer 44 comprising in substantial contiguity a profusion of capsules comprising blue-sensitized silver halide crystals wherein the walls of said capsules contain a yellow dye developer.
  • Each photosensitive layer may be separated from each other by suitable interlayers (not shown), for example, by a layer of gelatin and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • suitable interlayers for example, by a layer of gelatin and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Multilayer photosensitive element 49 is shown in processing relationship with image-receiving element 41 7 and a layer 43 of processing composition.
  • the image-receiving element 41 comprises a support 40 and an imagereceiving layer 42.
  • the liquid processing composition 43 is effective to initiate development of the latent image in the respective exposed photosensitive layers.
  • suitable imbibition period during which at least a portion of the dye developer associated with unexposed areas of each of the photosensitive layers, is transferred to the superposed image-receiving element 41, the latter element may be separated to reveal a positive multicolor image, or optionally the film unit described may comprise an integral unit wherein support 40 is transparent and photosensitive element 49 and image-receiving element 41 remain in superposed relationship subsequent to development.
  • integral multilayer photosensitive element as used herein is intended to include photosensitive elements comprising at least two separate superposed layers of photosensitive material, each layer being selectively sensitized to an appropriate portion of the spectrum, at least the inner layer or layers having associated therewith appropriate color-providing substances.
  • the integral multilayer photosensitive element is intended to be processed without separation of the layers. The imagewise distribution of diffusible color forming substances present in each layer as a result of the development of latent images therein is transferred to a single common image-receiving element to provide the desired multicolor image.
  • An alternative process for obtaining multicolor trans fer images utilizing dye developers contemplates the use of a single photosensitive layer comprising a profused random dispersion of at least two sets of selectively sensitized capsules, wherein the walls of said capsules contain therein suitable dye developers.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an exposed photosensitive element 56 comprising support 54 and a photosensitive layer 53 comprising in substantial contiguity a profusion of randomly dispersed capsules of red-sensitized silver halide containing a cyan dye developer and a yellow filter dye in the walls thereof, capsules comprising green-sensitive silver halide containing a magenta dye developer and a yellow filter dye in the walls thereof, and capsules comprising blue-sensitized silver halide containing a yellow dye developer and a yellow filter dye in the walls thereof.
  • Said photosensitive element 56 is in processing relationship with image-receiving element 55 and layer 52 of processing composition.
  • the image-receiving element 55 comprises support 50 and image-receiving layer 51.
  • the processing of the exposed photosensitive element 56 is as described above.
  • Still another alternative embodiment contemplates the use of layer comprising at least two sets of capsules containing silver halide selectively sensitized and arranged in the form of a photosensitive screen.
  • each of said silver halide capsules contains within the walls thereof a suitable dye developer.
  • photosensitive element 66 comprises a support 64 and a photosensitive color screen 63 which comprises selectively exposable portions, that is, portions which comprise, respectively, capsules of red, green and blue sensitized silver halide containing within the walls thereof, respectively, cyan, magenta and yellow dye developers preferably substantially uniformly distributed over the support such that a contiguous layer arrangement of individually selectively exposed portions have their respective exposure portions arranged in a side-by-side pattern relationship, and forming the exposure surface of a photosensitive element 66.
  • photosensitive element 66 is in processing relationship with image-receiving element 65 and processing composition 62.
  • Image-receiving element 65 comprises support 60 and image-receiving layer 61. The processing of exposed photosensitive element 66 is as described above.
  • novel silver halide capsules of the present invention are also suitably employed in additive color systems wherein said encapsulated silver halide is panchromatical- 1y sensitized.
  • a film unit suitable for such employment is depicted in FIG. 6 and comprises a flexible transparent film base or support 70 carrying on one surface, in order, an additive color screen 71, comprising a geometrically repetitive plurality of actinic radiation filtering colored elements including a set or group of primary red color filter elements, a set of primary blue color filter elements and a set of primary green color filter elements, arranged in a repetitive distribution in sideby-side relationship in a substantially single plane a substantially photoinsensitive layer 72 comprising silver precipitating nuclei; and a photosensitive layer 73 comprising a profusion of capsules comprising panchromatically sensitized silver halide.
  • the layer of capsules has generally been described as comprising a profusion of capsules.
  • the novel capsules of the present invention may be employed as a single or monolayer of capsules, or as a plurality of layers of capsules, that is, wherein said photosensitive layer comprises a plurality of separate layers of capsules.
  • such capsules are particularly suitable for use as monolayers.
  • the desired density in effect can be selected depending upon the ratio of silver coverage desired.
  • the silver halide comprise less than 50% of the area covered.
  • novel capsules of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in integral film units, that is, where the photosensitive layer and the layer in which the image is formed, is not separated. It has been unexpectedly found that the development of the silver is more globular and less filamentous which results in less covering power in the negative, which effectively provides a greater speed.
  • a first reservoir is charged with 500 ml. of water, 1 ml. of 30% hydrogen peroxide and 1 g. of diacetone acrylamide at a pH of 4.8.
  • a second reservoir is charged with 500 ml. of water, gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing 0.20 g. of silver bromide and 0.46 g. ferrous nitrate at a temperature of 38 C. and pH of 4.7. Streams from the two reservoirs were combined at an equal ratio and maintained in a reaction zone 3 in. diameter tubing for l min. after which the reaction mix was discharged into a collection reservoir. The capsules were separated by settling and decantation.
  • FIG. 7 is a dark field electron.
  • photomicrograph of the capsules prepared according to the procedure of the example at a magnification of 8000 The dark areas are the silver halide grains surrounded by uniform areas of polymer which completely surround and constitute the walls of said capsules.
  • the photomicrograph illustrates the uniform coverage and lack of agglomeration of the particles and absence of free polymer.
  • any suitable monomer capable of polymerization catalyzed by silver halide may be employed in the present invention.
  • ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of forming polymers which are permeable to processing composition are suitable for the forming of the walls of the capsules of the present invention.
  • suitable monomers mention may be made of diacetone acrylamide, p-styrene sulfonamide, l-vinyl imidazole, Z-methyl-vinyl imidazole, sodium methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, styrene, dienes such as butadiene, ethylene and propylene.
  • porosity enhancing materials such as silica and diatomaceous earth may be incorporated into the polymeric layer to provide greater permeability to the capsule wall.
  • novel capsules of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in additive color photography.
  • color photographic reproduction may be provided by exposing a photoresponsive material such as, for example, a photosensitive silver halide emulsion, to selected subject matter through an optical screen element possessing filter media or screen elements of selected radiation modulating characteristics such as filter media selectively transmitting predetermined portions of the electromagnetic radiation spectrums visible segment.
  • the color information thus recorded is read out by view ing resultant image conformation in the photoresponsive material through the same or a similar screen element in appropriate registration with the image.
  • the individual filter media or screen elements constituting the optical screen will be constructed to effect selective filtration of predetermined portions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum substantially corresponding to its red, blue and green regions and color information recordation is accomplished by point-to-point incidence of radiation actinic to the selected photoresponsive material as modulated by such screen element.
  • Visual reproduction of the information content recorded by the photoresponsive material is accomplished by read out of the impressed image as modulated by the original or a substantially identical screen element in accurate registration with the image record.
  • Additive color photographic reproduction thus may be provided by exposing a photoresponsive material, preferably a photosensitive silver halide emulsion, through an additive color screen having a plurality of filter media or screen element sets each of an individual additive color such as red, blue or green, and by viewing the resultant photographic image, preferably a silver image, subsequent to development of such image, through the same or a substantially identical screen element suitably registered.
  • a photoresponsive material preferably a photosensitive silver halide emulsion
  • an additive color screen having a plurality of filter media or screen element sets each of an individual additive color such as red, blue or green
  • viewing the resultant photographic image preferably a silver image, subsequent to development of such image, through the same or a substantially identical screen element suitably registered.
  • silver precipitaating nuclei comprise a specific class of adjuncts well known in the art as adapted to effect catalytic reduction of solubilized silver halide specifically including heavy metals and heavy metal compounds such as the metals of Groups I-B, II-B, IVA, VI-A, and VIII and the reaction products of Groups I-B, I I-B, IV-A, and VIII metals with elements of Group VI-A, and may be effectively employed in the conventional concentrations traditionally employed in the art, preferably in a relatively low concentration in the order of about 125 l0- moles/ft).
  • heavy metals and heavy metal compounds such as the metals of Groups I-B, II-B, IVA, VI-A, and VIII and the reaction products of Groups I-B, I I-B, IV-A, and VIII metals with elements of Group VI-A
  • silver precipitating agents are those disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,698,237 and specifically the metallic sulfides and selenides, there detailed, these terms being understood to include the selenosulfides, the polysul-fides, and the polyselenides.
  • Preferred in this group are the so-called heavy metal sulfides.
  • sulfides whose solubility products in an aqueous medium at approximately C. vary between 10* and 10- and especially the salts of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead.
  • heavy metals such as silver, gold, platinum and palladium and in this category the noble metals illustrated are preferred and are generally provided in the matrix as colloidal particles.
  • the supports or film bases may comprise any of the various types of transparent rigid or flexible supports, for example, glass, polymeric films of both the synthetic type and those derived from naturally occurring products, etc.
  • suitable materials comprise flexible transparent synthetic polymers such as polymethacrylic acid, methyl and ethyl esters; vinyl chloride polymers;
  • polyvinyl acetals polyvinyl acetals; polyamides such as nylon; polyesters such as the polymeric films derived from ethylene glycol terephthalic acid; polymeric cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, triacetate, nitrate, propionate, butyrate, acetatebutyrate, or acetate propionate; polycarbonates; polystyrenes; and the like.
  • the processing composition will include an alkaline material, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, or the like, and most preferably in a concentration providing a pH to the processing composition in excess of about 12.
  • the processing composition may, where desired, contain the sole silver halide developing agent or agents employed, or a silver halide developing agent in addition to that disposed within the film unit.
  • the relative proportions er the agents comprising the developing composition set forth herein may be altered to suit the requirements of the operator.
  • modify the herein described developing compositions by the situation of preservatives, alkalis, silver halide solvents, etc., other than those specifically mentioned.
  • components such as restrainers, accelerators, etc.
  • concentration of such agents may be varied over a relatively wide range commensurate with the art.
  • conventional silver toning agent or agents may be disposed within the emulsion composition in a concentration effective to provide a positive image toned in accordance with the desires of the operator.
  • the film unit may also contain one or more subcoats or layers, which, in turn, may contain one or more additives such as plasticizers, intermediate essential layers for the purpose, for example, of enhancing adhesion, and that one or more of the described layers may comprise a composite of two or more strata which may be contiguous or separated from each other.
  • a film unit comprising a support carrying on one surface a photosensitive element wherein said photosensitive element comprises a profusion of microcapsules comprising a substantially uniform synthetic polymeric layer surrounding individual silver halide crystals.
  • said film unit comprises a support carrying on one surface, in order, a layer of said microcapsules which are red-sensitized, and wherein a cyan dye developer is disposed in said polymeric layer; a layer of green-sensitized capsules wherein a magenta dye developed is disposed in said polymeric layer; and a layer of blue-sensitized capsules wherein a yellow dye developer is disposed in said polymeric layer.
  • the product as defined in claim 6 which includes a layer carrying on one surface a plurality of blue-sensitive, green-sensitive and red-sensitive silver halide crystals having disposed in the respective polymeric layers, a yellow dye developer, a magenta dye developer and a cyan dye developer.

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US115985A 1971-02-17 1971-02-17 Polymer encapsulated silver halide grains and photographic materials employing same Expired - Lifetime US3697279A (en)

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US (1) US3697279A (nl)
JP (1) JPS559693B1 (nl)
AU (1) AU450136B2 (nl)
BE (1) BE779485A (nl)
CA (1) CA941664A (nl)
DE (1) DE2207473C2 (nl)
FR (1) FR2125528B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1362936A (nl)
IT (1) IT948589B (nl)
NL (1) NL170053C (nl)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839047A (en) * 1971-08-27 1974-10-01 Konishiroku Photo Ind Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material
US5053308A (en) * 1986-01-14 1991-10-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive composition comprising silver halide dispersed in polymerizable compound and light-sensitive material employing the same
US5399480A (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Attachment of gelatin-grafted polymer particles to pre-precipitated silver halide grains

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4501809A (en) * 1981-07-17 1985-02-26 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Photosetting microcapsules and photo- and pressure-sensitive recording sheet
EP0224214B1 (en) * 1985-11-21 1993-01-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive microcapsule containing polymerizable compound and silver halide, and light-sensitive material employing the same
DE69201939T2 (de) * 1991-12-06 1995-08-10 New Oji Paper Co Ltd Mikrokapseln, die UV-Absorptionmittel enthalten, und wärmeempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmittel, das diese Mikrokapseln verwendet.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2576820A (en) * 1944-11-03 1951-11-27 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Reversible gel composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol and method of preparation
US2698794A (en) * 1950-04-15 1955-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Mixed packet photographic emulsions
GB864060A (en) * 1957-11-01 1961-03-29 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Mixed grain photographic emulsions
US3074845A (en) * 1959-10-14 1963-01-22 Plant Products Corp Particulate pesticidal composition coated with an amido-aldehyde resin polymerized in situ
FR2036402A5 (nl) * 1969-03-10 1970-12-24 Progil

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839047A (en) * 1971-08-27 1974-10-01 Konishiroku Photo Ind Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material
US5053308A (en) * 1986-01-14 1991-10-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive composition comprising silver halide dispersed in polymerizable compound and light-sensitive material employing the same
US5399480A (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Attachment of gelatin-grafted polymer particles to pre-precipitated silver halide grains
US5543283A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Attachment of gelatin-grafted plymer particles to pre-precipitated silver halide grains
US5741633A (en) * 1993-09-14 1998-04-21 Eastman Kodak Company Attachment of gelatin-grafted polymer particles to pre-precipitated silver halide grains

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2207473A1 (de) 1972-08-24
NL7202099A (nl) 1972-08-21
FR2125528A1 (nl) 1972-09-29
NL170053C (nl) 1982-09-16
FR2125528B1 (nl) 1977-04-01
JPS559693B1 (nl) 1980-03-11
AU450136B2 (en) 1974-06-27
BE779485A (fr) 1972-08-17
AU3888072A (en) 1973-08-16
DE2207473C2 (de) 1986-06-05
NL170053B (nl) 1982-04-16
GB1362936A (en) 1974-08-07
IT948589B (it) 1973-06-11
CA941664A (en) 1974-02-12

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