US3696687A - Plastic hairspring - Google Patents

Plastic hairspring Download PDF

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US3696687A
US3696687A US127974A US3696687DA US3696687A US 3696687 A US3696687 A US 3696687A US 127974 A US127974 A US 127974A US 3696687D A US3696687D A US 3696687DA US 3696687 A US3696687 A US 3696687A
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Prior art keywords
hairspring
shaft
article
manufacture
pinion gear
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US127974A
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Philip W Harland
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Ametek Inc
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Ametek Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/04—Wound springs
    • F16F1/10—Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19851—Gear and rotary bodies

Definitions

  • the interconnecting bridges are 1 o c l then cut from between the several turns to form the 74/431433 hairspring.
  • the hairspring may be molded integral with a shaft having a pinion gear thereon.
  • One end of the hairspring is attached to a shaft which extends outwardly of the gauge and on the end of which is mounted an indicator pointer.
  • the shaft is provided with a pinion which may be engaged by a sector or other gear actuated by an instrument movement in response to conditions sensed by the instrument.
  • the outer end of the hairspring is generally fixed to a stationary post.
  • the inner end is generally affixed to the pinion shaft by staking or some other suitable process. In view of the relatively small sizes of these components, the attaching of the hairspring to the shaft tends to complicate the assembly process.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved spiral hairspring molded from synthetic plastic material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a spiral hairspring molded integrally with a pinion gear.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a spiral hairspring molded from plastic in such a manner that a uniform flow of plastic throughout the long spiral path of the spring is readily achieved.
  • a spiral hairspring is molded from resilient plastic material by gating the narrow confines of the mold passages utilizing one or more bridges crossing the spiral cavity and interconnecting with adjacent turns to provide an increased passage for the flow of plastic material.
  • the molded hairspring would then have one or more bridges interconnecting the turns thereof. After the hairspring is molded, the bridges between the turns are removed by cutting to form the spiral hairspring.
  • the spiral hairspring may be molded integrally with a pinion gear or with a shaft upon which a pinion is integrally formed.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a gauge incorporating the spiral hairspring according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing the spiral hairspring;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the hairspring as it is taken from its mold and showing the radial bridges interconnecting the turns thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 44 of FIG. 3 and showing the manner in which the bridges can be cut between the turns of the hairspring.
  • a gauge indicated generally at in FIG. 1 is provided with a hairspring 11 whose inner end 12 is affixed to a pinion shaft 13 and whose outer end 14 is attached to a pin 15 (FIG. 2) within the instrument.
  • Shaft 13 is provided with a pinion gear 16 in mesh with a sector gear 17 carried by a pivotally mounted shaft 18.
  • sector gear is a component of an instrument movement which is actuated in response to the particular condition being sensed by this gauge.
  • the shaft 13 extends outwardly of movement plate 19 and has an indicator pointer 20 attached to its outer end.
  • the pointer cooperates with the usual dial.
  • Hairspring 11 is in the shape of a spiral as may be seen in FIG. 2 and comprises a plurality of turns.
  • the hairspring is molded from a resilient plastic material, such as acetal or nylon.
  • the pinion shaft 13 and pinion gear 16 may be integral with the hairspring.
  • a mold having a spiral cavity is used to form the several turns of the hairspring in the shape as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the mold cavity also may contain the necessary configuration to form the shaft 13, or the gear 16 or both.
  • the mold may be gated at any convenient point.
  • the hairspring in its fluid or molten form, is integral with the shaft 13 and its inner end 12 is connected to the shaft in the manner shown in FIG. 2.
  • the mold can also be provided with one or more bridges 21 which may be radial and which may extend outwardly from the shaft 13.
  • the bridges also could be chords or located other than in a radial configuration. These bridges extend from the shaft to the outermost turn, as may be seen in FIG. 3, and interconnect with the intermediate turns of the hairspring.
  • the plastic introduced into the mold will flow throughout the entire path of the mold cavity including the narrow confines of the spiral cavity by means of the bridges. While only two radial bridges have been shown in FIG. 3, it is understood that one or more than two may be employed if so desired, and bridges other than radial bridges may be employed.
  • the bridges may be equally spaced to ensure a uniform distribution of the molten plastic throughout the mold cavity.
  • the molded unit upon removal of the molded unit comprising the hairspring, shaft and pinion, the molded unit may be placed in a fixture, as shown in FIG. 4, having a tubular extension 22 which receives the shaft 13 and a plurality of knife edges or blades 23 for the purpose of severing the bridges 21 between all of the turns of the hairspring.
  • the spring Upon cutting the bridges, the spring will be as shown in FIG. 2.
  • one of the bridges 21A across the turns of the hairspring is located adjacent the outer end of the spring so as to trap or engage the flexible or resilient turns so the assembly of hairsprings, pointer and shaft will not tangle when the parts are handled or are automatically fed from a hopper to an assembly machine.
  • the bridges can be cut because then there is no more problem existent because of parts tangling. Even if multiple gating is used so that bridges are not needed, it is necessary or desirable to tie in the outer coil loose end and then to cut the same after the parts are positioned.
  • the completed hairspring may be heat treated so as to be hardened as is known in plastic technology.
  • Use of such a plastic hairspring assembly in a gauge gave accurate results which are closely comparable to the results achieved by the conventional metal hairspring.
  • Celcon a trademark of Celanese Corporation for its brand of acetal, a copolymer of trioxane, works satisfactorily.
  • One form has a tensile strength yield p.s.i. of 8,800, elongation percent, flexural strength p.s.i. 13,000, and work energy (in lb./in. of 730.
  • the present invention has disclosed a novel form of plastic hairspring which may be formed integral with a shaft and pinion and which has uniform properties throughout since the use of bridges facilitates the uniform distribution of the plastic throughout the mold cavity as it is being fed thereto.

Abstract

A spiral hairspring is molded from a resilient plastic material so that the several turns thereof are interconnected by a plurality of bridges to facilitate flowing the plastic material throughout the narrow confines of the mold passages. The interconnecting bridges are then cut from between the several turns to form the hairspring. Also, the hairspring may be molded integral with a shaft having a pinion gear thereon.

Description

United States Patent 151 3,696,687 Harland [451 Oct. 10, 1972 [54] PLASTIC HAIRSPRING 2,375,357 5/1945 Friedmon ..267/148 X 72 Inventor: Phili W. Harland P k ,P 1 p er asle a Primary Examiner-Arthur T. McKeon [73] Assignee: Ametek, Inc., New York, NY. Attorney-Smythe & Moore [21] Appl' 127,974 A spiral hairspring is molded from a resilient plastic material so that the several turns thereof are interconnected by a plurality of bridges to facilitate flowing the Plastic material throughout the narrow confines of 58 Id 148 166 the mold passages. The interconnecting bridges are 1 o c l then cut from between the several turns to form the 74/431433 hairspring. Also, the hairspring may be molded integral with a shaft having a pinion gear thereon. [56] References Cited 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures UNITED STATES PATENTS 680,234 8/1901 Eaton et a1. ..74/432 PATENTEDnm 10 L912 INVENTOR W A A L mvp ATTORN EYS PLASTIC IIAIRSPRING Spiral hairsprings constructed of high grade spring metals have been used in various types of gauges, measuring instruments, and similar devices. One end of the hairspring is attached to a shaft which extends outwardly of the gauge and on the end of which is mounted an indicator pointer. The shaft is provided with a pinion which may be engaged by a sector or other gear actuated by an instrument movement in response to conditions sensed by the instrument. The outer end of the hairspring is generally fixed to a stationary post. The inner end is generally affixed to the pinion shaft by staking or some other suitable process. In view of the relatively small sizes of these components, the attaching of the hairspring to the shaft tends to complicate the assembly process.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved spiral hairspring molded from synthetic plastic material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spiral hairspring molded integrally with a pinion gear.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spiral hairspring molded from plastic in such a manner that a uniform flow of plastic throughout the long spiral path of the spring is readily achieved.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a spiral hairspring is molded from resilient plastic material by gating the narrow confines of the mold passages utilizing one or more bridges crossing the spiral cavity and interconnecting with adjacent turns to provide an increased passage for the flow of plastic material. The molded hairspring would then have one or more bridges interconnecting the turns thereof. After the hairspring is molded, the bridges between the turns are removed by cutting to form the spiral hairspring. The spiral hairspring may be molded integrally with a pinion gear or with a shaft upon which a pinion is integrally formed.
Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings, which are merely exemplary.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a gauge incorporating the spiral hairspring according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing the spiral hairspring;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the hairspring as it is taken from its mold and showing the radial bridges interconnecting the turns thereof; and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 44 of FIG. 3 and showing the manner in which the bridges can be cut between the turns of the hairspring.
Proceeding next to the drawings wherein like reference symbols indicate the same parts throughout the various views, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
A gauge indicated generally at in FIG. 1 is provided with a hairspring 11 whose inner end 12 is affixed to a pinion shaft 13 and whose outer end 14 is attached to a pin 15 (FIG. 2) within the instrument. Shaft 13 is provided with a pinion gear 16 in mesh with a sector gear 17 carried by a pivotally mounted shaft 18. The
sector gear is a component of an instrument movement which is actuated in response to the particular condition being sensed by this gauge.
The shaft 13 extends outwardly of movement plate 19 and has an indicator pointer 20 attached to its outer end. The pointer cooperates with the usual dial.
Hairspring 11 is in the shape of a spiral as may be seen in FIG. 2 and comprises a plurality of turns. The hairspring is molded from a resilient plastic material, such as acetal or nylon. The pinion shaft 13 and pinion gear 16 may be integral with the hairspring.
In the molding of the hairspring, a mold having a spiral cavity is used to form the several turns of the hairspring in the shape as shown in FIG. 3. The mold cavity also may contain the necessary configuration to form the shaft 13, or the gear 16 or both. The mold may be gated at any convenient point. Thus, in its fluid or molten form, the hairspring is integral with the shaft 13 and its inner end 12 is connected to the shaft in the manner shown in FIG. 2.
The mold can also be provided with one or more bridges 21 which may be radial and which may extend outwardly from the shaft 13. The bridges also could be chords or located other than in a radial configuration. These bridges extend from the shaft to the outermost turn, as may be seen in FIG. 3, and interconnect with the intermediate turns of the hairspring. As a result, the plastic introduced into the mold will flow throughout the entire path of the mold cavity including the narrow confines of the spiral cavity by means of the bridges. While only two radial bridges have been shown in FIG. 3, it is understood that one or more than two may be employed if so desired, and bridges other than radial bridges may be employed. The bridges may be equally spaced to ensure a uniform distribution of the molten plastic throughout the mold cavity.
Merely by way of example, upon removal of the molded unit comprising the hairspring, shaft and pinion, the molded unit may be placed in a fixture, as shown in FIG. 4, having a tubular extension 22 which receives the shaft 13 and a plurality of knife edges or blades 23 for the purpose of severing the bridges 21 between all of the turns of the hairspring. Upon cutting the bridges, the spring will be as shown in FIG. 2.
Preferably, one of the bridges 21A across the turns of the hairspring is located adjacent the outer end of the spring so as to trap or engage the flexible or resilient turns so the assembly of hairsprings, pointer and shaft will not tangle when the parts are handled or are automatically fed from a hopper to an assembly machine. After the parts have been automatically or otherwise positioned, the bridges can be cut because then there is no more problem existent because of parts tangling. Even if multiple gating is used so that bridges are not needed, it is necessary or desirable to tie in the outer coil loose end and then to cut the same after the parts are positioned.
The completed hairspring may be heat treated so as to be hardened as is known in plastic technology. Use of such a plastic hairspring assembly in a gauge gave accurate results which are closely comparable to the results achieved by the conventional metal hairspring.
In addition to nylon, it has been found that Celcon," a trademark of Celanese Corporation for its brand of acetal, a copolymer of trioxane, works satisfactorily. One form has a tensile strength yield p.s.i. of 8,800, elongation percent, flexural strength p.s.i. 13,000, and work energy (in lb./in. of 730.
Delrin, a trademark of E. l. DuPont de Nemours &'
Co. for its brand of an acetal resin.
Thus, it can be seen that the present invention has disclosed a novel form of plastic hairspring which may be formed integral with a shaft and pinion and which has uniform properties throughout since the use of bridges facilitates the uniform distribution of the plastic throughout the mold cavity as it is being fed thereto.
It will be understood that various details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention except as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. As an article of manufacture, a spiral hairspring of resilient synthetic plastic material and molded integrally with a pinion gear.
2. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein a shaft for the pinion gear is molded integrally therewith.
3. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pinion gear is integral with a shaft and an end of the hairspring is integral with the shaft and pinion gear to define a unitary pinion gear, shaft and hairspring. p
4. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hairspring has a plurality of turns.
5. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 wherein the unitary hairspring, pinion gear and shaft are molded of acetal resin.
6. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 wherein the unitary hairspring and gear are molded of nylon.
7. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is a means provided to tie in the outer end of the hairspring to the adjacent inner coil so as to facilitate assembly without tangling.
8. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 7 wherein the means to tie in the outerend of the hairspring will hold the assembly so that it can be fed from a hopper to an assembly machine.

Claims (8)

1. As an article of manufacture, a spiral hairspring of resilient synthetic plastic material and molded integrally with a pinion gear.
2. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein a shaft for the pinion gear is molded integrally therewith.
3. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pinion gear is integral with a shaft and an end of the hairspring is integral with the shaft and pinion gear to define a unitary pinion gear, shaft and hairspring.
4. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hairspring has a plurality of turns.
5. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 wherein the unitary hairspring, pinion gear and shaft are molded of acetal resin.
6. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 wherein the unitary hairspring and gear are molded of nylon.
7. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is a means provided to tie in the outer end of the hairspring to the adjacent inner coil so as to facilitate assembly without tangling.
8. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 7 wherein the means to tie in the outer end of the hairspring will hold the assembly so that it can be fed from a hopper to an assembly machine.
US127974A 1971-03-25 1971-03-25 Plastic hairspring Expired - Lifetime US3696687A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3956881A (en) * 1974-06-25 1976-05-18 Eta A.G. Ebauches-Fabrik Hairspring and collet assembly for timepieces
EP1256854A2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-13 Seiko Instruments Inc. Hairspring structure and speed control mechanism for timepiece
US20050281137A1 (en) * 2002-11-25 2005-12-22 Claude Bourgeois Watch hairspring and method for making same
EP1721721A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-15 Taiwan Mindcatcher, Inc. Injection molding technique for embedding volute flexible material into reel
CN100451874C (en) * 2003-03-11 2009-01-14 弗兰克.米勒.瓦差兰股份有限公司 Coil spring of timer
US20120075963A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-03-29 Montres Breguet Sa Anti-trip balance-spring for a timepiece escapement
EP2690506A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-29 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anti-tripping clock hairspring
EP2690508A1 (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-01-29 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Horological hairspring
EP2884347A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Hairspring with device for ensuring the separation of the turns
JP2017049026A (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 シチズン時計株式会社 Spiral spring

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US680234A (en) * 1898-03-04 1901-08-13 Hiram W Eaton Jr Sand-reel for oil or artesian wells.
US2375357A (en) * 1943-03-31 1945-05-08 Friedman Theodore Method of making plastic springs

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US680234A (en) * 1898-03-04 1901-08-13 Hiram W Eaton Jr Sand-reel for oil or artesian wells.
US2375357A (en) * 1943-03-31 1945-05-08 Friedman Theodore Method of making plastic springs

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3956881A (en) * 1974-06-25 1976-05-18 Eta A.G. Ebauches-Fabrik Hairspring and collet assembly for timepieces
EP1256854A2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-13 Seiko Instruments Inc. Hairspring structure and speed control mechanism for timepiece
JP2002341054A (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-27 Seiko Instruments Inc Hair spring, its structural body, and speed governing mechanism and timepiece using it
EP1256854A3 (en) * 2001-05-11 2005-02-09 Seiko Instruments Inc. Hairspring structure and speed control mechanism for timepiece
US20050281137A1 (en) * 2002-11-25 2005-12-22 Claude Bourgeois Watch hairspring and method for making same
US7077562B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2006-07-18 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa Watch hairspring and method for making same
CN100451874C (en) * 2003-03-11 2009-01-14 弗兰克.米勒.瓦差兰股份有限公司 Coil spring of timer
EP1721721A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-15 Taiwan Mindcatcher, Inc. Injection molding technique for embedding volute flexible material into reel
US8764281B2 (en) * 2010-09-28 2014-07-01 Montres Breguet Sa Anti-trip balance-spring for a timepiece escapement
US20120075963A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-03-29 Montres Breguet Sa Anti-trip balance-spring for a timepiece escapement
EP2434353B1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2018-01-10 Montres Breguet SA Anti-tripping hairspring for timepiece escapement
US9016934B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-04-28 Nivarox—FAR S.A. Anti-trip balance spring for a timepiece
EP2690506A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-29 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anti-tripping clock hairspring
RU2615595C2 (en) * 2012-07-26 2017-04-05 Ниварокс-Фар С.А. Balance clock spring
EP2690508A1 (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-01-29 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Horological hairspring
CN103576528A (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-02-12 尼瓦洛克斯-法尔股份有限公司 Timepiece balance spring
US8821007B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2014-09-02 Nivarox-Far S.A. Timepiece balance spring
KR101513797B1 (en) 2012-07-26 2015-04-20 니바록스-파 에스.에이. Timepiece balance spring
CN103576528B (en) * 2012-07-26 2016-06-15 尼瓦洛克斯-法尔股份有限公司 Clock and watch hairspring
WO2015090815A3 (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-12-10 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Hairspring with device to prevent coils from moving close together
US20160299470A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-10-13 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Balance spring with coil spacer device
JP2016538557A (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-12-08 ウーテーアー・エス・アー・マニファクチュール・オロロジェール・スイス Balance spring with coiled spacer device
CN105829977A (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-08-03 Eta瑞士钟表制造股份有限公司 Hairspring With Device To Prevent Coils From Moving Close Together
US9645549B2 (en) * 2013-12-16 2017-05-09 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogere Suisse Balance spring with coil spacer device
EP2884347A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Hairspring with device for ensuring the separation of the turns
CN105829977B (en) * 2013-12-16 2019-06-21 Eta瑞士钟表制造股份有限公司 Balance spring with coil spacing device
JP2017049026A (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 シチズン時計株式会社 Spiral spring

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