US3691174A - Metalation of alkyl side chains of alkyl pyridines,alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines - Google Patents
Metalation of alkyl side chains of alkyl pyridines,alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines Download PDFInfo
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- US3691174A US3691174A US62198A US3691174DA US3691174A US 3691174 A US3691174 A US 3691174A US 62198 A US62198 A US 62198A US 3691174D A US3691174D A US 3691174DA US 3691174 A US3691174 A US 3691174A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- metalating
- isoquinolines
- quinolines
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- -1 alkyl pyridines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- KCTBOHUTRYYLJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2h-furan-2-ide Chemical compound [Li+].C=1C=[C-]OC=1 KCTBOHUTRYYLJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VFLOQMDFALHIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;1-methyl-2h-indol-2-ide Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=C2N(C)[C-]=CC2=C1 VFLOQMDFALHIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QVVHURJXGINCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;1-methyl-2h-pyrrol-2-ide Chemical compound [Li+].CN1C=CC=[C-]1 QVVHURJXGINCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SNHOZPMHMQQMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2h-thiophen-2-ide Chemical class [Li+].C=1C=[C-]SC=1 SNHOZPMHMQQMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical class CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNRJGSQCGFPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;oxolane Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1=CC=CC=C1 IMNRJGSQCGFPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002537 isoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1C HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanone Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTNANFDSJRRZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C)=CC(C)=C21 ZTNANFDSJRRZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1 ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQMWVVBHJMUJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=CC=N1 RQMWVVBHJMUJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNCHDRLWPAKSII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 KNCHDRLWPAKSII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUDSDYNRBDKLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=NC2=C1 MUDSDYNRBDKLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEIZLWNUBXHADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pelletierine Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1 JEIZLWNUBXHADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BEBIQSRTLZBRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylidenepyridin-1-ide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=N1 BEBIQSRTLZBRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGFCBDJMOCVHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dicyclohexyl-2-pyridin-2-ylethanol hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1(CCCCC1)C(CC1=NC=CC=C1)(O)C1CCCCC1 XGFCBDJMOCVHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCC PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZNHVWPSIBWAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=NC(CC)=C1 ZZNHVWPSIBWAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADSOSINJPNKUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 ADSOSINJPNKUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URKLPTVGUBXMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(CCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C21 URKLPTVGUBXMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=N1 NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJIOGHZNVKFYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 DJIOGHZNVKFYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZLJDTKLZIMONR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 NZLJDTKLZIMONR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGVIYCAYGMXJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 JGVIYCAYGMXJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEWBZDKBCQBTNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=C2N(C)C([Li])=CC2=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C([Li])=CC2=C1 GEWBZDKBCQBTNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242722 Cestoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGZVHCHCNUVFSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C1=CC=CN1C Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CN1C JGZVHCHCNUVFSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptylcycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1C1CCCCCC1 ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Polymers C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CTXWCCNANFIMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;4-methylidenepyridin-1-ide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH2-]C1=CC=NC=C1 CTXWCCNANFIMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Polymers N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FLXFOOZNPFNHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2H-thiophen-2-ide Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=[C-]SC=1 FLXFOOZNPFNHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000954 titration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
- C07D217/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
Definitions
- ALKYL QUINOLINES AND ALKYL ISOQUINOLINES Inventor: Constantinos G. Screttas, 13 Antinoros Street, Athens, 516, Greece Filed: Aug. 7, 1970 Appl. No.: 62,198
- a method of metalating alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines, and alkyl isoquinolines which enables substantially exclusive side chain metalation to be obtained.
- This result is achieved by means of the use of certain organometallic metalating agents selected from the group consisting of alkali metal thienyl, furyl, lmethylpyrryl and l-methylindole compounds. Yields, based on metalating agent, are commonly quantitative or nearly so.
- the metalation reaction is carried out in the presence of anether which may form a normally solid complex with the metalated compound.
- the complexes thus obtained are highly stable for prolonged periods, frequently several months, but in some cases as much as one year, at refrigeration temperatures. They have a high content of active alkali metal per unit weight. Furthermore, they can beformed into solutions which facilitate their handling and shipment.
- the method of the present invention can be employed to provide metalation products of monoand polyalkylated pyridines, monoand polyalkylated quinolines and polyalkylated isoquinolines.
- the alkyl substituents on the compound to be metalated may contain from one to 16 carbon atoms, with optimum results being achieved with compounds having one or more alkyl substituents thereon containing from one to five carbon atoms.
- Examples of compounds which undergo substantially exclusive side chain metalation by the method of the present invention are picolines such as 2- methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine and 4-methylpyridine; lutidines exemplified by 2,4-dimethylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine; collidines, specific examples of which are 2,3,4-trimethylpyridine and 2,4,5-
- the method of the present invention for producing side-chain metalation products may also be used to advantage in the preparation of polyalkali metal substituted compounds from the corresponding polyalkylated pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines.
- the side-chain metalated compounds have a variety of utilities.
- 4-picolyllithium is used in the preparation of 2-cycloalkyl-l,3-di(4-pyridyl)-2- propanols which are useful for the treatment of diseases caused by metabolic failures of enzyme systems (U.S. Pat. No.
- the metalating agents having utility in the practice of the method of the present invention, as indicated hereinabove, can be characterized as belonging to:
- Alkali metal substituted heteroaromatic compounds represented by the following formulas:
- M is an alkali metal (Na, K, Li, Rb, Cs).
- M in all three of the above groups may be any of the alkali metals sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium, it is preferred that M be lithium or sodium.
- Exemplary of specific metalating agents that are useful in carrying out the method of the present invention are: 2-furyllithium, 2-( l-methyl) l-pyrryllithium, 2- thienyllithium, 2-thienylsodium. Of the foregoing, 2-furyllithium and 2-thienyllithium are especially preferred as the metalating agent.
- the ethers utilized in the practice of the method of this invention to form coordination complexes with the side chain metalation products can be selected from a wide group.
- the ethers having utility for this purpose can be characterized as those ethers which are capable of forming a normally solid complex with the metalated compound.
- ethers satisfying this criterion are linear alkyl ethers such as dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether and cyclic alkyl ethers represented by tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydropyran (THP), 1,4-dioxane, 7-oxa[2.2.l] bicycloheptane (OBH), and the like.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- THP tetrahydropyran
- OHC bicycloheptane
- the quantity of ether employed in the reaction mixture is variable.
- the general objectives of the present invention are fulfilled when the ether is used in an amount such that at least one molecule of the ether per atom of alkali metal is present in the reaction mixture.
- the metalating agent is dissolved in a mixture of the appropriate ether, as hereinbefore described, with an inert organic solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon solvent, and added to the compound to be metalated.
- an inert organic solvent particularly a hydrocarbon solvent
- the reverse method of addition that is, addition of the compound to be metalated to a solution of the metalating agent, also gives high yields of the sidechain metalation product.
- Various inert organic solvents can be used such as, for example, benzene, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the volume of inert organic solvent used can be varied.
- the volume of the inert solvent employed should be maintained at levels which will not impede or prolong recovery of the side-chain metalation product.
- the volume of the inert solvent should desirably exceed that of the ether employed to effect formation of a coordination complex between the ether and the metalation product, thereby to maintain the metalating agent and the product in solution.
- the inert solvent only partial solution is necessary for its use as a metalating agent.
- an excess of the inert solvent over the ether of the order of from about 2 to 10 percent, usually 3 to 5 percent, by volume, is advantageously used.
- the precipitate was washed with dry pentane, dried in a stream of argon and analyzed as follows: A 1.8807 g sample was hydrolyzed with ca 20 ml of distilled water and the hydrolyzate was pH-titrated with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid.
- the titration curve (pH against milliliters of 0.5 N HCl added) exhibited two breaks, one at about pH 7.8 (endpoint for lithium hydroxide neutralization) and the other at about pH 2.6 (endpoint of gamma-picoline neutralization); these two breaks occurred at 21 .4 ml and 41.6 ml respectively indicating the correspondence of one lithium atom per one molecule of picoline.
- EXAMPLE Vlll This example shows an illustrative use of the solid apicolyllithium THF complex.
- 34.2 g (0.20 mole) of a solid (1:1) complex of a-picolyllithium THF was dis- Then, 36.2 g (0.20 mole) of benzophenone,-dissolved in 50 ml of THF, was added dropwise to the a-picolyllithium solution. An exothermic reaction occured. At the end of theaddition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then the mixture was hydrolyzed with ice water, the organic layer was separated and dried, and the low-boiling solvents were removed, under vacuum, to dryness. The product, l,ldiphenyl-2(2-pyridyl)ethanol, weighted 46.7 g (87 percent), m.p. l489.
- alkyl in said alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines contains from one to five carbon atoms.
- the metalating reaction medium also contains a liquid hydrocarbon which is inert to said metalating agent.
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Abstract
Metalating alkyl side chains of alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines by means of certain organometal compounds, exemplified by alkali metal substituted furan compounds and alkali metal substituted methylpyrrole, and 2-thienyllithium. The metalation reaction advantageously is carried out in the presence of an ethereal solvent which forms a stable coordination complex with the metalated compound.
Description
United States Patent [151 3,691,174 Screttas [451 Sept. 12, 1972 [s41 METALATION 0F ALKYL sum [561' References Cited CHAINS OF ALKYL PYRIDINES,
ALKYL QUINOLINES AND ALKYL ISOQUINOLINES Inventor: Constantinos G. Screttas, 13 Antinoros Street, Athens, 516, Greece Filed: Aug. 7, 1970 Appl. No.: 62,198
Related U.S. Application Data Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 646,208, June 15, I967, abandoned.
US. Cl ..260/290 R, 260/283 R, 260/297 R Int. Cl. ..C07d 31/20 Field of Search ....260/290 R, 283 R OTHER PUBLICATIONS Klingsberg, Pyridine & Derivatives, Part Two, Interscience Publishers, Pages 422- 425, (1961) OD 401 K5 C.2
lngram et al., Chem. Abstracts, Vol. 62, 1677- 1679 (Jan. 1965) Primary Examiner-Alan L. Rotman Attorney-Wallenstein, Spangenberg, Hattis & Strampel [57] ABSTRACT Metalating alkyl side chains of alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines by means of certain organometal compounds, exemplified by alkali metal 13 Claims, No Drawings METALATION F ALKYL SIDE CHAINS 0F ALKYL PYRIDINES, ALKYL QUINOLINES AND I ALKYL ISOQUINOLINES This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 646,208, filed June 15, 1967, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION metalation practices have have not been satisfactory due to the tendency of the metalating agents to attack the pyridine ring of the compound to be metalated. Thus, for example, in preparing picolyllithiums from the corresponding picolines, utilizing phenyllithium as the'metalating agent, substantial quantities of phenyl-- pyridines are formed due to side reactions between the phe'nyllithium and the pyridine rings. The formation of the phenylpyridines'not only adversely affects yields but also adversely affects the purity of the desired picolyllithiums.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of metalating alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines, and alkyl isoquinolines, which enables substantially exclusive side chain metalation to be obtained. This result is achieved by means of the use of certain organometallic metalating agents selected from the group consisting of alkali metal thienyl, furyl, lmethylpyrryl and l-methylindole compounds. Yields, based on metalating agent, are commonly quantitative or nearly so. In accordance with the preferred practice of the present invention, the metalation reaction is carried out in the presence of anether which may form a normally solid complex with the metalated compound. The complexes thus obtained are highly stable for prolonged periods, frequently several months, but in some cases as much as one year, at refrigeration temperatures. They have a high content of active alkali metal per unit weight. Furthermore, they can beformed into solutions which facilitate their handling and shipment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method of the present invention can be employed to provide metalation products of monoand polyalkylated pyridines, monoand polyalkylated quinolines and polyalkylated isoquinolines. The alkyl substituents on the compound to be metalated may contain from one to 16 carbon atoms, with optimum results being achieved with compounds having one or more alkyl substituents thereon containing from one to five carbon atoms. Examples of compounds which undergo substantially exclusive side chain metalation by the method of the present invention are picolines such as 2- methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine and 4-methylpyridine; lutidines exemplified by 2,4-dimethylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine; collidines, specific examples of which are 2,3,4-trimethylpyridine and 2,4,5-
trimethylpyridine; 2-ethylpyridine; 2-butylpyridine; 2- methyl-4-ethylpyridine; 2,4-diethylpyridine; 2-hexylpyridine; 2octylpyridine; 2-hexadecylpyridine; quinolines such as Z-methylquinoline, 4-methylquinoline, 2- dodecylquinoline, 2-methyl-4-dodecylquinoline and 2,4-dimethylquinoline; and isoquinolines, examples of which are l-metylisoquinoline, l-methylisoquinoline, l-decylisoquinoline, l,3-dimethylisoquinoline, l ,4- dimethyl-isoquinoline, l-methyl-3-ethylisoquinoline; and the like.
As illustrative of the unique capabilities of the method of this invention is, for example, the preparation of the compound l,l-dicyclohexyl-2-(2-pyridyl)- ethanol and its hydrochloride, by reaction of 2-picolyllithium with dicyclohexyl ketone. This compound has utility in the preparation of l-(2-piperidinyl)-2,2- dicyclohexylethene,
a compound known to be effective in the treatment of anginaldisease. The method of the present invention for producing side-chain metalation products may also be used to advantage in the preparation of polyalkali metal substituted compounds from the corresponding polyalkylated pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines. The side-chain metalated compounds have a variety of utilities. Thus, for instance, 4-picolyllithium is used in the preparation of 2-cycloalkyl-l,3-di(4-pyridyl)-2- propanols which are useful for the treatment of diseases caused by metabolic failures of enzyme systems (U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,375); and is used in the preparation of l,3-dipyridyl-2-isopropylpropanes which, by reduction, form l,3-dipiperidyl-2-isopropylpropanes which possess antidepressant and cardiovascular properties (British Patent No. 1,106,028); 2-picolyllithium is used in the synthesis of the alkaloid pelletierine which is useful against tapeworms in dogs (Merck Index, Vol. 8, p. 787); and see, also, US. Pat. No. 3,400,131 for other uses of picolyl-metal compounds.
The metalating agents having utility in the practice of the method of the present invention, as indicated hereinabove, can be characterized as belonging to:
Alkali metal substituted heteroaromatic compounds represented by the following formulas:
Tl s
(II) M (III) n f (EH:
in which M is an alkali metal (Na, K, Li, Rb, Cs).
While, as stated, M in all three of the above groups may be any of the alkali metals sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium, it is preferred that M be lithium or sodium.
Exemplary of specific metalating agents that are useful in carrying out the method of the present invention are: 2-furyllithium, 2-( l-methyl) l-pyrryllithium, 2- thienyllithium, 2-thienylsodium. Of the foregoing, 2-furyllithium and 2-thienyllithium are especially preferred as the metalating agent.
The ethers utilized in the practice of the method of this invention to form coordination complexes with the side chain metalation products can be selected from a wide group. Generally speaking, the ethers having utility for this purpose can be characterized as those ethers which are capable of forming a normally solid complex with the metalated compound. Examples of ethers satisfying this criterion are linear alkyl ethers such as dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether and cyclic alkyl ethers represented by tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydropyran (THP), 1,4-dioxane, 7-oxa[2.2.l] bicycloheptane (OBH), and the like. The quantity of ether employed in the reaction mixture is variable. The general objectives of the present invention are fulfilled when the ether is used in an amount such that at least one molecule of the ether per atom of alkali metal is present in the reaction mixture.
in carrying out the method of the present invention, generally speaking, the metalating agent is dissolved in a mixture of the appropriate ether, as hereinbefore described, with an inert organic solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon solvent, and added to the compound to be metalated. The reverse method of addition, that is, addition of the compound to be metalated to a solution of the metalating agent, also gives high yields of the sidechain metalation product. Various inert organic solvents can be used such as, for example, benzene, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. The volume of inert organic solvent used can be varied. From the standpoint of practical considerations, the volume of the inert solvent employed should be maintained at levels which will not impede or prolong recovery of the side-chain metalation product. However, the volume of the inert solvent should desirably exceed that of the ether employed to effect formation of a coordination complex between the ether and the metalation product, thereby to maintain the metalating agent and the product in solution. In the former case, only partial solution is necessary for its use as a metalating agent. To these ends, an excess of the inert solvent over the ether of the order of from about 2 to 10 percent, usually 3 to 5 percent, by volume, is advantageously used.
The following specific examples are given to illustrate the practice of the method of the present invention. It will be understood that numerous other examples will readily occur to those skilled in the art in the light of the novel guiding principles and teachings disclosed herein. All temperatures are in degrees C.
EXAMPLEI To 30 ml of a l.7 N solution of 2-thienyllithium in benzene-tetrahydrofuran was added 10 ml of 2-methylpyridine which had been dried over barium oxide. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours to yield a solution containing the desired picolyllithium. The picolyllithium can be separated in accordance with known practices. One such method is set forth in Example lll.
To determine the nature and yield of the picolyllithium, 9 g of benzophenone dissolved in 50 ml of diethyl ether was added to the reaction mixture. Stirring was continued for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then hydrolyzed, the organic layer separated and the product was freed from solvent by evaporation by dryness in vacuo. The product, l,l-diphenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)- ethanol, after steam distillation, weighed 13.5 g, (98 percent), m.p. l35l45. After one recrystallization from boiling hexane it melted at 15 l-l52.
EXAMPLE II To ml of a 1.7 N solution of 2-thienyllithium in benzene-tetrahydrofuran was added 20 ml of 4-methylpyridine. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight to yield a solution containing the desired picolyllithium. As in the case of Example I, the picolyllithium can be separated as set forth in Example IV.
To determine the nature and yield of the picolyllithium obtained, 30 g of benzophenone dissolved in 50 ml of diethyl ether was added to the reaction mixture containing the picolyllithium. Stirring was continued until the color of the mixture turned light blue. The reaction was worked up as described in Example I to give 36 g (94 percent) of l,l-diphenyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-ethanol, m.p. l35l40. The recrystallized material melted at -162.
EXAMPLE [I] isolation and Characterization of the Gamma- Picolyllithium-THF Complex To a mixture of 0.2 mol of 2-thienyllithium in 40 ml of benzene and 16 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added at once 20 ml (approximately 0.2 mole) of gammapicoline. The resulting mixture was stirred under nitrogen for about 48 hours. During this period of time the mixture turned green and a green precipitate was formed. This precipitate was isolated by filtration in a dry argon atmosphere. The precipitate was washed with dry pentane, dried in a stream of argon and analyzed as follows: A 1.8807 g sample was hydrolyzed with ca 20 ml of distilled water and the hydrolyzate was pH-titrated with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. The titration curve (pH against milliliters of 0.5 N HCl added) exhibited two breaks, one at about pH 7.8 (endpoint for lithium hydroxide neutralization) and the other at about pH 2.6 (endpoint of gamma-picoline neutralization); these two breaks occurred at 21 .4 ml and 41.6 ml respectively indicating the correspondence of one lithium atom per one molecule of picoline. Another sample (ca 1.0 gram) was quenched with 3 ml of sec-butyl alcohol. An aliquot of this solution was analyzed by vapor phase chromatography which indicated that one molecule of tetrahydrofuran corresponded to one molecule of gamma-picoline. Hence, in the said complex, the ratio is 1 Li atomzl molecule of picolinezl molecule of tetrahydrofuran.
EXAMPLE IV To 30 ml of 1.7 N solution of Z-furyllithium in tetrahydrofuran-benzene was added mol of 2- methylpyridine. The resulting mixture was stirred for l2 hours to yield a dark green solution of a-lithio-Z- methylpyridine.
To determine the nature and yield of the picolyllithiums, 9 g of dicyclohexyl ketone dissolved in ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then hydrolyzed and washed with ether; the organic layer was separated, washed once with water and dried. Anhydrous gaseous hydrogen chloride was added to the solution at l0-l5 until'no more was absorbed; the resultant precipitate was collected and dried, giving 13.2 g (92 percent) of l,l-dicyclohexyl-2(2-pyridyl) ethanol hydrochloride, m.p. l85-6. After one recrystallization from 2-propanol, it melted at 188.
EXAMPLE V To ml of a 1.7 N solution of 2-lithio-l-methylpyrrole in tetrahydrofuran-benzene was added 10 ml of 2- methylpyridine. The resultant mixture was stirred for 4 hours to yield a solution of a-lithio-2-methylpyridine. This solution was then reacted with dicyclohexyl ketone as described in Example V and the product was isolated, giving 13.0 g (88 percent) of l,l-dicyclohexyl-2( 2-pyridyl)ethanol hydrochloride, m.p. l856.
EXAMPLE Vl To 60 ml of a 1.7 N solution of 2-lithio-l-methyl-indole in tetrahydrofuran-benzene was added 20 ml of 2- methylpyridine. The resultant mixture was stirred for .12 hours to yield a solution of a-lithio-Z-methylpyridine. This solution was then reacted with dicyclohexyl ketone as described in Example V and the product was isolated, giving 13.4 g (95 percent) of 1,1- dicyclohexyl-2(2-pyridyl) ethanol hydrochloride, m.p. l85-6.
EXAMPLE Vll To 80 ml of a 1.7 N solution of Z-Ihienyllithium in benzene-tetrahydrofuran was added 20 ml of Z-methylpyridine. The resulting mixture was stirred for 12 hours to yield a dark green solution of a-lithio2-methylpyridine.
To determine the nature and yield of the picolyllithium, 30 g of benzophenone dissolved in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to the reaction mixture. Stirring was continued for 3 hours; then the product was hydrolyzed, the organic layer separated and dried, and the low-boiling solvents removed, under vacuum, to dryness. The product, l,l-diphenyl-2(2- pyridyl)ethanol, weighed 12.9 g (92 percent), m.p. l489. One recrystallization from 2-propanol gave white crystals, m.p. l52-3.
EXAMPLE Vlll This example shows an illustrative use of the solid apicolyllithium THF complex. 34.2 g (0.20 mole) of a solid (1:1) complex of a-picolyllithium THF was dis- Then, 36.2 g (0.20 mole) of benzophenone,-dissolved in 50 ml of THF, was added dropwise to the a-picolyllithium solution. An exothermic reaction occured. At the end of theaddition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then the mixture was hydrolyzed with ice water, the organic layer was separated and dried, and the low-boiling solvents were removed, under vacuum, to dryness. The product, l,ldiphenyl-2(2-pyridyl)ethanol, weighted 46.7 g (87 percent), m.p. l489.
lclaim:
1. in a method of metalating an alkyl side chain of a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines in which the alkyl group contains from one to 16 carbon atoms, the step which consists of effecting said metalating in an ethereal solvent by means of an organometal (I) (H) U (in. on.
(V) OR (VI) OR (VII) OR (VIII) OR M R10 OR (IX) M where M is an alkali metal of the group of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium.
2. The method of claim 1, in which alkyl in said alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines contains from one to five carbon atoms.
3. The method of claim 2, in which M is lithium.
4. The method of claim 2, in which the ethereal solvent is present in an amount of at least about one molecule per atom of alkali metal.
5. The method of claim 4, in which the ethereal solvent is one which forms a normally solid complex with said side chain metalated compound.
6. The method of claim 5, in which the ethereal solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
7. The method of claim 6, in which the metalating reaction medium also contains a liquid hydrocarbon which is inert to said metalating agent.
8. The method of claim 7, in which the liquid hydrocarbon comprises benzene, said benzene exceeding in volume that of the tetrahydrofuran.
9. The method of claim 4, in which the alkyl pyridine is a picoline.
10. The method of claim 8, in which the alkyl
Claims (12)
- 2. The method of claim 1, in which alkyl in said alkyl pyridines, alkyl quinolines and alkyl isoquinolines contains from one to five carbon atoms.
- 3. The method of claim 2, in which M is lithium.
- 4. The method of claim 2, in which the ethereal solvent is present in an amount of at least about one molecule per atom of alkali metal.
- 5. The method of claim 4, in which the ethereal solvent is one which forms a normally solid complex with said side chain metalated compound.
- 6. The method of claim 5, in which the ethereal solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
- 7. The method of claim 6, in which the metalating reaction medium also contains a liquid hydrocarbon which is inert to said metalating agent.
- 8. The method of claim 7, in which the liquid hydrocarbon comprises benzene, said benzene exceeding in volume that of the tetrahydrofuran.
- 9. The method of claim 4, in which the alkyl pyridine is a picoline.
- 10. The method of claim 8, in which the alkyl pyridine is a picoline.
- 11. The method of claim 2, in which the metalating compound is 2-furyllithium.
- 12. The method of claim 2, in which the metalating compound is 2-lithio-1-methylpyrrole.
- 13. The method of claim 2, in which the metalating compound is 2-lithio-1-methylindole.
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