US3687791A - Apparatus for adhesive lamination of flexible webs - Google Patents
Apparatus for adhesive lamination of flexible webs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3687791A US3687791A US92118A US3687791DA US3687791A US 3687791 A US3687791 A US 3687791A US 92118 A US92118 A US 92118A US 3687791D A US3687791D A US 3687791DA US 3687791 A US3687791 A US 3687791A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- filaments
- web
- rollers
- tissue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
- B32B7/14—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/17—Surface bonding means and/or assemblymeans with work feeding or handling means
- Y10T156/1702—For plural parts or plural areas of single part
- Y10T156/1712—Indefinite or running length work
- Y10T156/1722—Means applying fluent adhesive or adhesive activator material between layers
- Y10T156/1727—Plural indefinite length or running length workpieces
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods and apparatus for applying adhesive to a substrate and more particularly to methods and apparatus for applying adhesive, in the form of fine filaments of softened thermoplastic material, to a flexible web, especially a fragile web, e.g. paper tissue, which is immediately secured by the adhesive to another web to form a laminated structure.
- thermoplastic resinous materials as adhesives and also well known to form thermoplastic resinous materials into filaments or threads by spinning from solvent solutions of the materials or by dry spinning (extruding) the materials from the molten state. Both the foregoing spinning methods have been used extensively to prepare long continuous filaments.
- US. Pat. 2,385,358 and Canadian Pat. 454,159 of A. W. Hanson there are disclosed methods for preparing and recovering relatively short fine fibers which are drawn from a thin layer or film of fiber-forming material in the liquid or semi-liquid state and caused to set or harden by treatment appropriate to the fiber-forming material, then collected or harvested for further processing by the usual drawing and spinning operations as employed with natural fibers.
- the present invention is concerned with the formation of tacky short lfine adhesive fibers or filaments of thermoplastic material by methods such as disclosed in the foregoing patents for fiber formation, and application of the filaments to a flexible substrate before they have set or hardened whereby the filaments can adhesively secure the substrate to another material to which it is laminated.
- the invention thus comprises a process for adhesively securing a flexible web as a lamina to another flexible web with a thermoplastic resin adhesive which process comprises:
- the invention further consists of apparatus for adhesively laminating a long flexible first web of material to a second long flexible web, comprising (a) a pair of counter-rotating parallel rollers mounted to maintain, in a gap between them, a quantity of viscous liquid thermoplastic fiber-forming adhesive material,
- a third rotating roll mounted parallel to the counter-rotating rolls with its surface in proximity to the outside common tangent of the counter-rotating rolls whereby it intercepts filaments of viscous liquid thermoplastic adhesive formed by counter-rotation of the rollers with the adhesive between them,
- (c) means to feed the flexible first web lengthwise continuously over a segment of the curved surface of the third rotating roll where it intercepts filaments of adhesive, whereby the tacky filaments are deposited on the surface of the first web,
- (d) means to feed the second web continuously in laminar relation to the first web against the surface on which the filaments of adhesive are deposited while said filaments are still tacky
- (e) means to hold the two webs in laminar relation until the filaments have set to an adhesive bond.
- FIG. 1 illustrates three rollers positioned to carry out the initial steps of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates diagrammatically an apparatus for carrying out the complete process of the invention.
- a and B are tWo counter-rotating rollers of substantially the same diameter mounted on parallel axes and having a coating of tacky viscous liquid thermoplastic material on the curved surfaces, said material forming a short bridge between the rollers at their point of closest proximity P.
- the tacky viscous liquid thermoplastic material adhering to the surfaces of both A and B is stretched as the surfaces of A and B draw apart in rotating past point P.
- Filaments F of viscous liquid thermoplastic are drawn out and are carried towards the line TT which is the outside tangent common to the surface of the rollers A and B.
- the filaments Before the filaments reach the level of line TT they intersect the surface of the roller C and are deposited thereon or on whatever is covering the bottom surface of roller C. Contact with the surface breaks the fine filaments and the greater part of the length of the filaments is deposited on or adheres to the surface of C, which can be moving. As rotation of rollers A and B continues the ends of the filaments adhering thereto move past the points of contact of the tangent TT and are incorporated again into the coating of viscous liquid thermoplastic material on the roller surfaces.
- a suitable source of viscous liquid thermoplastic (not shown) supplies material to the surfaces of the rollers A and B to replace the material removed as filaments on roller C and maintains the bridge of material between rollers A and B.
- Roller C obviously must be placed by the outside common targent of rollers A and B on the side where the curved surfaces of A and B are drawing away from one another, and for the directions of rotations shown on the drawing roller C must be placed above rollers A and B. If the directions of rotation of rollers A and B are reversed, roller C would then have to be positioned under rollers A and B in proximity to or intersecting their common tangent on the lower side to pick up filaments of thermoplastic material drawn out between the rollers A and B by their counter-rotation.
- a and B are two counter-rotating rollers with a thin coating of viscous liquid thermoplastic material, e.g. hot melt adhesive, on the curved surfaces thereof, applied from a source 12 and forming a bridge 13 between the rollers at their points of closest proximity.
- Roller C is positioned below rollers A and B and rotates as shown by the arrow, these three rollers being of substantially the same diameter and driven at substantially the same peripheral speed, as shown partially by drive wheels D and belt 14.
- a web of thin tissue paper 15 from a roll 18 is unwound and travels over a guide roll 16 and around over the top surface of roller C to intersect the common tangent line of rollers A and B then down into the nip between roller C and a laminator roll 17, thence to be Wound up on wind-up roll 19.
- a second web of thin tissue paper 20 is unwound from roll 21 and passes in the nip between rollers C and laminator roll 17 where it comes in contact with web 15, is laminated thereto, and thence wound up therewith on wind-up roll 19.
- the hot melt adhesive from source 12 and on rollers A and B is a tacky viscous liquid thermoplastic material that is drawn from the bridge which it forms between rollers A and B as these rotate, and forms filaments F which contact the tissue Web 15 as it passes over roller C; the filaments thereby adhere to the tissue web 15 and break off from the rollers A and B, forming fine lines of tacky adhesive on web 15 which is immediately laminated to web 20.
- the filaments of the adhesive contact the tissue and are deposited thereon without there being any other contact between the tissue and the rollers or the coating of viscous liquid thermoplastic material thereon. It is essential to preclude direct contact between fragile tissue and the adhesive coated rollers as the tissue would readily tear and become adhesivel fastened to the adhesive on the rollers.
- thermoplastic materials which, by simple heating, can be liquified to form a tacky, viscous, liquid mass, can be drawn out in the tacky viscous liquid state to form fine filaments, although there may be some particular or specific conditions required by some such materials before they readily form such filaments.
- temperature is a factor which affects the formation of fine filaments of a thermoplastic, and a preferred temperature condition for formation of threads of any particular thermoplastic material in accordance with the present invention can be ascertained; such preferred temperature condition may be specific to the one particular material or to several or to many thermoplastic materials.
- Another factor which is found to affect the formation of filaments in the process of the present invention is the rate of shear which is applied to viscous liquid thermo plastic materials in drawing out filaments from a tacky mass; some materials are found to require higher rates of shear for the formation of fine filaments than do other tacky viscous materials.
- the rate of shear applied in drawing out fine filaments in accordance with the present invention is readily varied, for example, by varying the rate of rotation of rollers between which the filaments are formed and drawn.
- thermoplastic materials can be converted to a viscous liquid mass suitable for use in the present invention by softening the material with a portion of one or more liquid solvents and/ or plasticizers for the material which portion, on homogeneous mixing with the material, converts it to a tacky viscous liquid mass at ambient room temperature or higher but below the temperature at which the material normally softens to a viscous liquid state.
- the invention therefore includes the application of fine filaments of softened thermoplastic material from a viscous liquid mass regardless of whether the material has been softened to a viscous liquid mass only by heating or by admixture with solvent and/or plasticizer or by a combination of heating and admixture with solvent and/or plasticizer.
- the solvent and/or plasticizer may or may not be a desirable ingredient in the filaments formed according to the invention and accordingly may or may not require subsequent removal to achieve setting of the filaments for formulation of adhesive bonds of adequate strength between laminae.
- FIG. 2 of the drawings Numerous embodiments of the method of the invention are contemplated, and these include for example the application of filaments of adhesive in the lamination of webs of delicate tissue paper to one another, as is illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings, the application of filaments or reinforcing fibres to a delicate substrate to impart structural (tensile) strength thereto as well as acting as adhesive in the lamination of the delicate substrate to a similar substrate, and the application of filaments of adhesive in the lamination of webs of delicate tissue to substrates of different material, e.g. woven or non-woven textile fabrics.
- EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates the application of fine filaments of a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive material onto a delicate paper tissue web with subsequent lamination of a second web of paper tissue to the first, utilizing the method of the present invention in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
- the example was carried out with laboratory scale equipment which comprised a pair of counter-rotating metal rollers each four inches (10 cm.) in diameter and three-quarters of an inch (-12 mm.) wide, mounted on parallel axes with 0.25 mm. spacing between the circumferences of the rollers. Heating elements were mounted within these rollers to maintain them at a uniform elevated temperature (110 C.) while in use.
- a third roller about five inches (12.5 cm.) wide and four inches cm.) in diameter was mounted above the foregoing rollers on a parallel axis so that its circumference cut through the top outside common tangent of the first rollers.
- a supply of a viscous liquid thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive was maintained on the circumferences of the counter-rotating rollers to form a bridge across the gap between them, and as the rollers rotated, filaments of the adhesive were drawn from the melt in the bridge and rose towards the web passing under the third roller above and were deposited on the web as it moved across the outside common tangent line of the counter-rotating rollers.
- the deposited filaments formed a faint track of adhesive, about the same width as that of the counter-rotating rollers, along the length of the travelling web as filaments were deposited thereon; as the second web of tissue was laminated to the first web immediately after deposition of the filaments while the latter were still tacky, the filaments formed an adhesive bond between the webs which was found to be far stronger than the individual webs themselves.
- the width of the adhesively bonded area of the laminated tissue was that of the track of adhesive.
- thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive used was a graft copolymer of vinyl acetate and polyoxyethylene, made, as described in British patent specification 920,760, by graft copolymerizing vinyl acetate onto a polyoxyethylene polymer sold under the name Carbowax 4000 (trademark), the proportions of the vinyl acetate and polyoxyethylene in the copolymer being in the ratio 85:15.
- thermoplastic graft copolymer made it particularly suitable for use as an adhesive in laminating paper tissue in that the copolymer was completely water soluble or water dispersible; hence any laminated tissue web containing some proportion of the adhesive, on having to be scrapped for some reason dur ing manufacture, did not have to be discarded because of its adhesive content but could be repulped in a beater, in which the adhesive would dissolve out in the water, and the repulped material could then be formed into a new web of paper tissue in the usual way.
- the proportion of adhesive applied to the tissue in this example was calculated by (1) cutting a large number of small uniform size samples of the laminated tissue both from areas which were free of adhesive and areas which were adhesively bonded, i.e.
- the adhesive applied thereto in this example did not penetrate through the web, nor was it visible through the web, i.e. the adhesive did not strike through the web. Furthermore, from the feel of the laminated tissue it was not possible to detect, by hand, the location of the track of adhesive in the web, i.e. the bonded part of the tissue web had the same feel to the hand as the unbonded part because the small amount of adhesive did not noticeably or appreciably affect the flexibility, thickness, or drape of the tissue web.
- the substantial identity of the adhesively bonded laminate with the adhesive-free portion of the laminate with regard to feel, as described above, is particularly significant and advantageous for the utilization of the laminated webs in such applications as paper table napkins and facial and toilet tissue, where uniform thickness, feel, and flexibility are desired.
- the invention thus further consists of laminated structures comprising a lamina of paper tissue adhesively secured to another lamina by the process described in the foregoing and following examples.
- the invention further and more specifically consists of a laminated paper tissue structure consisting of at least two laminae of paper tissue adhesively secured to one anoiher by the process described in the foregoing examp e.
- EXAMPLE 2 In the manner described in the foregoing example, using the same weight of paper tissue, the same grade of thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive, and the equipment described above, a Web of surgical gauze was laminated to a web of paper tissue to form a laminated web of gauze and paper tissue, the adhesive being applied to the paper tissue before lamination of the gauze thereto.
- the laminated product had the full tensile strength of the gauze and the full liquid absorbency of the paper tissue.
- EXAMPLE 3 This example was carried out with the apparatus described in Example 1, and with the same thermoplastic graft copolymer of vinyl acetate and polyoxyethylene being supplied to the counter-rotating rollers which were at ambient room temperature instead of being heated as in Example 1; the thermoplastic graft copolymer was softened by addition thereto of a small proportion of benzene (under 25% by weight of the copolymer) which converted the thermoplastic from a stiff rubbery solid at ambient room temperature to a mobile viscous liquid. The rotation of the counter-rotating rollers drew filaments from the viscous liquid thermoplastic which filaments were deposited on a web of paper tissue moving under the third roller and formed a track of filaments along the length of the web as it moved under the third roller.
- the benzene content of the liquid thermoplastic was so low that it did not make any observable mark on the tissue web, and the track of thermoplastic formed an adhesive bond between the tissue web and a second web of tissue laminated therewith. Due to its volatility the benzene gradually evaporated from the filaments so that the bond they formed between the tissue webs eventually became as strong as the bond formed in Example 1 by the same type of thermoplastic filaments formed from the thermoplastic at elevated temperature in the absence of any liquid softener.
- the viscous liquid adhesive can be applied to a pair of continuous travelling belts whose paths of travel form the sides of a V at the bottom of which the liquid adhesive is maintained as a ,bridge from which filaments of adhesive are drawn as the adjacent surfaces of the belts travel upwards.
- a pair of continuous travelling belts whose paths of travel form the sides of a V at the bottom of which the liquid adhesive is maintained as a ,bridge from which filaments of adhesive are drawn as the adjacent surfaces of the belts travel upwards.
- counter-rotating rollers e.g.
- rollers A and B in FIGS. 1 and 2 may not both necessarily be of circular cross-section.
- rollers A may have a cross section roughly rectilinear, e.g. triangular, square, hexagonal, with rounded corners and a radius of rotation approximately the same as the radius of the round roller it replaces.
- bridging of the adhesive occurs only from the rounded corners of the roller A and filaments of adhesive are drawn out between the rollers only periodically during their rotation, instead of continuously.
- a discontinuous track of adhesive filaments can be deposited along a continuous web moving in a path to intercept filaments formed between the rollers.
- Apparatus for adhesively laminating a long flexible first web of material to a second long flexible web comprising:
- (c) means to feed the flexible first web lengthwise continuously over a segment of the curved surface of the third rotating roller where it intercepts filaments of adhesive, said third roller being spaced apart from the pair of counter-rotating rollers in spaced relationship which precludes any contact between the first web and the coating of viscous liquid thermoplastic material other than through the filaments, whereby the tacky filaments are deposited on the surface of the first web,
- (e) means to hold the two webs in laminar relation until the filaments have set to an adhesive bond.
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Abstract
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US9211870A | 1970-11-23 | 1970-11-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3687791A true US3687791A (en) | 1972-08-29 |
Family
ID=22231710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US92118A Expired - Lifetime US3687791A (en) | 1970-11-23 | 1970-11-23 | Apparatus for adhesive lamination of flexible webs |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3687791A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4996091A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1991-02-26 | Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. | Product comprising substrate bearing continuous extruded fiber forming random crisscross pattern layer |
GB2299296A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Ferguson International Holding | Lamination of sheet materials |
-
1970
- 1970-11-23 US US92118A patent/US3687791A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4996091A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1991-02-26 | Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. | Product comprising substrate bearing continuous extruded fiber forming random crisscross pattern layer |
GB2299296A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Ferguson International Holding | Lamination of sheet materials |
GB2299296B (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-11-18 | Ferguson International Holding | Improvements in or relating to lamination of sheet materials |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION, A CORP OF CANADA,ALBERTA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004598/0159 Effective date: 19860625 Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION, P. O. BOX 130, 401- 9TH A Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004598/0159 Effective date: 19860625 |
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STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES) |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GULF CANADA LIMITED, P.O. BOX 130, 401 - 9TH AVE., Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004672/0769 Effective date: 19870106 |