US3684075A - Belt printer with conductive elements on non-conductive belt - Google Patents

Belt printer with conductive elements on non-conductive belt Download PDF

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Publication number
US3684075A
US3684075A US874744A US3684075DA US3684075A US 3684075 A US3684075 A US 3684075A US 874744 A US874744 A US 874744A US 3684075D A US3684075D A US 3684075DA US 3684075 A US3684075 A US 3684075A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
belt
elements
conductive
forming
visible images
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US874744A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karel Jan Staller
Hertwig Lange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Micronas GmbH
ITT Inc
Original Assignee
Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of US3684075A publication Critical patent/US3684075A/en
Assigned to ITT CORPORATION reassignment ITT CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/385—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/41—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material for electrostatic printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
    • G03G15/321—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/14—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by electrographic printing, e.g. xerography; by magnetographic printing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • BELT PRINTER WITH CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS ON NON-CONDUCTIVE BELT [72] Inventors: Karel Jan Staller, Rutherford, N..l.;
  • ABSTRACT An arrangement for printing from a resilient continuous belt carrying miniature chargeable elements capable of being selectively loaded by a recording head in accordance with received information signals.
  • the selective loading of the chargeable elements creates on the belt invisible charge patterns which attract powder applied thereto, resulting in the formation of visible images to be subsequently transferred to a permanent recording medium a line at a time.
  • a printer arrangement comprising a continuous moving belt of resilient material which carries a multiplicity of small chargeable elements such as capacitors or deposits of magnetizable or electrostatically chargeable material, means in synchronism with the movement of said belt for selectively charging said elements in accordance with received information signals, forming thereby on the belt invisible charge patterns in serial form representative of individual characters of said information, powder applicator means for forming on said belt visible powder images of said charge patterns, and means in synchronism with said belt for transferring said visible images to a moving permanent recording medium, such as a continuous roll of paper, a line at a time, wherein the visible images suffer a reversal in the transfer to the permanent recording medium.
  • a moving permanent recording medium such as a continuous roll of paper
  • FIG. 1 shows in a perspective view the arrangement according to the invention for printing, via a continuous print belt, information contained in signals applied thereto;
  • FIGS. 2a-2e illustrate portions of various constructions for the printing belt according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2b'2e are end views of FIGS. 2b-2e respectively
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in a perspective view a recording head arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a perspective view a modified arrangement of part of the printer shown in the drawing
  • the arrangement according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 includes a belt 1 of resilient material such as plastic, woven plastic fabric, or rubber which carries a multiplicity of chargeable elements 3 (FIG. 2), and which is stretched between pulleys 2 to be driven thereby in a closed loop.
  • Belt arrangements other than the preferred closed loop are not to be excluded in this invention, such as a rewindable take-up reel arrangement.
  • the movement of the belt 1 is horizontal and to the right, with the recording surface In thereof vertically oriented.
  • a recording head 7 is positioned adjacent to the belt 1 for forming character charge patterns thereon by electrostatically influencing certain ones of the chargeable elements 3 in accordance with the received infor-.
  • the arrangement is such as to permit the paper 19 to pass between the belt 1 and the plate 16 so as to be parallel to the belts recording surface 1a and the transfer face 16a of the plate 16.
  • the paper 19 in turn is stretched and guided by rollers in the direction indicated past a heater 14, illustrated in FIG. 1 as a coil infiguration, which permanently fixes the transferred images to the paper.
  • the paper may preferably be preheated to permit a reduction in the power requirement of heater 14 to perform its function.
  • FIGS. 2a-2e illustrate various constructions of the belt 1 according to the invention.
  • a thin foil of resilient material 4 for example plastic, to which is attached to both surfaces a copper or nickel sheet 4a of perhaps 0.001 inches in thickness.
  • Utilization of photoresist coating and photographic methods serve to etch away portions of the metallic sheets 4a in a predetermined design, leaving only small islands 3a (FIG. 2b) on both sides of the foil 4 of resilient material.
  • the multiplicity of small metallic islands 30 on one side are substantially opposite those on the other side, thus forming tiny capacitors the size of which are in the area of 0.010 inches in center-to-center measurements between adjacent islands.
  • the capacitor formation process is such as to provide chargeable elements 3 in a uniform distribution of rows and columns, i.e. coordinate matrix form, although other patterns may be utilized. Substantially the same result may be achieved as shown in FIG. 20 via the process of vacuum coating through a mask 5, with capacitors being formed from the island deposits of metal 3b on the resilient foil 4. 7
  • FIG. 2d Another belt arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 2d, in which a sheet of resilient material 4, for example rubber, is perforated with a multiplicity of holes 30, also distributed in coordinate matrix form and with center-to-center measurements therebetween equivalent to that shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the perforations are filled with conductive rubber (for the cases in which the resilient material used is rubber), which is a mixture of rubber and metallic powder, capable of retaining electrostatic charge.
  • a belt configuration having conductive bodies 30 would permit the deposition of electrostatic charges from either side.
  • An alternative of the belt construction of FIG. 2d would be to fill the perforations 3c with a magnetizable ferrite powder composition. In such a situation, however, the recording head utilized for the other above-defined belt arrangements would be replaced by a row of tiny electromagnets which are energizable in a manner similar to that for the electrostatic cases.
  • FIG. 2e yet another belt construction in which the resilient material 4 consists of woven plastic fabric.
  • the cavities 3d in the woven fabric are filled with an elastic conductive material with similar properties to the hereinbeforementioned conductive rubber. Insulation is provided mutually by the fibers of the fabric; thus is formed by this configuration a printing belt also capable of retaining selective electrostatic charge and which is readily accessible from either belt surface.
  • a center shaft 20 is provided preferably of non-conductive material, on which are placed parallel pointed conductive sheets 8 separated by insulating inserts 9 of substantially equivalent shape.
  • the dimensions of the active (pointed) end of a sheet 8 is such as to correspond substantially to the surface area of a belt element 3.
  • the pointed ends form a row of element-charging points arranged to be substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the belt.
  • Each sheet 8 is constructed with a tab portion to which is connected an energizing wire.
  • This energizing wire is in turn connected to a transformer arrangement, indicated generally at 10, of which only one is shown for purposes of clarity'
  • the number of conductive sheets 8 is equal to the number of chargeable elements 3, for example in number, in any row thereof, as running across the width of the belt 1, though such a correlation between sheets 8 and elements 3 is not deemed a necessary requirement.
  • the insulating components 9 should be no greater in thickness than the separation distance between elements 3.
  • the arrow 11 is illustrative of the fact that the recording head 7 via shaft is capable of oscillation, in synchronism with the received signals, between an element-charging position in close proximity to the belt 1 and an inactive position of predetermined remoteness from the belt 1. The oscillation as described provides for the smooth charging of the belt elements 3.
  • operation of the printing arrangement commences upon the receipt of character input signals by conventional means not shown.
  • the electromagnetic clutch 17 is released to drive the belt 1 in the direction of the arrow A.
  • the information characters received are preliminarily fed to a conversion circuit (also not shown) to be transformed for presentation to the recording head 7.
  • the conversion circuit could be eliminated by transmitting the information character signals in such a form as to enable the direct application thereof to the head 7.
  • the chargeable elements 3 are selectively loaded in accordance with the received signals to provide a serial row of characters corresponding to a line of text.
  • Each character charge pattern covers substantially the full width of the belt 1, and is recorded in the inverse to compensate for the reversal suffered in the transfer of the character to the perrnanant recording medium 19.
  • the selective loading of the elements 3 is accomplished by presenting to the corresponding sheets 8 (FIG. 3) of the head 7 high voltage pulses via their respective transformers 10 and associated energizing wires.
  • the letter T generally indicated at 21 has been recorded on a portion of the belt 1 by the head 7. This could have been accomplished for instance by applying five consecutive high voltage pulses to sheet 8a via its transformer 10 and energizing wire, while similarly pulsing the other sheets 8 simultaneously with the third activation of the sheet 8a, the procedure being synchronized throughout with the movement of the belt 1.
  • invisible electrostatic charge patterns of characters received previous and subsequent to'the T are formed to generate the line of text.
  • the speed of the belt would be about 30 inches per second.
  • the frequency of loading of the chargeable elements 3 in such a case would be approximately 3 ,000 per second.
  • the movement of the belt 1 in the direction of the arrow A carries the invisible charge patterns past the powder applicator 12 which applies to the outer surface la of the belt 1 finely divided powder particles.
  • the particles adhere electrostatically to the charge patterns, transforming them into visible two-dimensional images.
  • the powder color may be chosen to offer adequate contrast with the permanant recording medium 19 to which the images are subsequently transferred.
  • the applicator may be of any suitable known type which permits the application of powder in a finely distributed manner.
  • the powder images pass relative to the cleaning device 13, which may take the form of any suitable known device, where substantially all powder particles not sufficiently attracted by the electrostatic charge patterns are removed. In this manner there is assured a uniform distribution of powder and cleaning of the spaces between the letters.
  • successive lines of text are recorded on the belt 1 and then transferred to the paper 19 via periodic high voltage charges supplied by means not shown.
  • the interval between the periodic high voltage pulses is such as to permit the belt '1 to move into the transfer position the next full line of text. If the high voltage pulses introduced to the plate 16 are sufficiently short in duration, there would be possible a continuous motion of the paper 19 throughout, rather than require a starti stop motion in synchronism with the movement of the belt 1 andhence the rate of incoming signals.
  • the vertical movement of the permanent recording medium 19 carries'the ex posed text to the fixing station which consists primarily of a heater coil or element 14, where the powder particles are permanently attached to the paper 19.
  • the particles, in the interim between transfer to the paper 19 and the permanent attachment thereto by heater 14, are held to the paper basically by electrostatic charges retained in the paper as a result of the transfer process.
  • there is a certain amount of adhesion between the particles and the paper which is enhanced somewhat by the powder particles being embedded in the paper to a small degree as a result of the rapid acceleration characteristics of the transfer process.
  • the arrangement according to the invention provides for the display of a 'line of text immediately after transfer.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 1, in that the recording surface as well as the movement of the belt 1 is horizontal.
  • the paper 19 is also permitted a horizontal movement as indicated by the arrow C.
  • the horizontal arrangement of the paper 19 in FIG. 4 is also permitted a horizontal movement as indicated by the arrow C.
  • the recording head 6 in this embodiment is placed on the inside of the closed loop, i.e. operates on the belt via its inner surface lb while powder applicator 12 and image transfer plate 16 operate on the recorded charge patterns from the outer surface of the belt 1, i.e. surface la.
  • This arrangement is possible in view of the belt construction as hereinbefore disclosed in reference to FIGS. 2b2e, wherein the chargeable elements 3a-3d extend throughout the thickness of the belt 1 either physically or operatively so as to be accessible from either belt surface. As illustrated in FIG. 4 the invisible charges applied to the elements 3 extending through to the opposite belt surface.
  • a belt printing arrangement comprising:
  • a movable belt of resilient non-conductive base material with first and second sides and having a multiplicity of conductive non-con-tiguous chargeable elements arranged to be repeated on both said sides to form minute capacitors distributed in a regular array;
  • a belt printing arrangement comprising:
  • a movable belt of resilient non-conductive base material having a multiplicity of conductive noncontiguous chargeable elements, said chargeable elements being formed of minute deposits of resilient material impregnated with metallic powder filling perforations in said belt which are arranged in a regular array;
  • a belt printing arrangement comprising:
  • a movable belt of resilient non-conductive base material having a multiplicity of conductive noncontiguous chargeable elements, said chargeable elementsbeing formed of deposits of magnetizable ferrite powder filling perforations in said 'belt which are arranged in a regular array;
  • said means for selectively charging said elements include a recording head comprised of a row of electromagnets selectively energizable in synchronism with the movement of said belt.
  • a belt printing arrangement comprising:
  • a movable belt constructed as a woven fabric of resilient material, and having a multiplicity of conductive non-contiguous chargeable elements provided therein, said chargeable elements consisting of deposits of elastic conductive material filling the cavities of said woven fabric, and being insulated mutually by the fibers of the woven fabric;
  • said means for transferring said visible images include a conductive plate positioned to remove electrostatically the powder images on said belt and transfer same to said permanent recording medium upon the receipt of periodic high voltage pulses.
  • the arrangement according to claim 7 further including a heater, positioned from said plate in the direction of movement of said medium, for attaching thereto the transferred powder images representative of received information signals.
  • said conductive plate is, with respect to said belt, positioned adjacent to the opposite surface of said permanent recording medium and is parallel to said medium and to said belt, and wherein said periodic pulses received by said plate have a rate of generation in which said pulses are spaced apart in time to define, between a consecutive pair thereof, a time interval during which said belt receives a full line of text which, in the course of receipt thereof, is moved into the transfer position, with the movement of said recording medium corresponding to said time intervals so as to effect interline spacing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
US874744A 1969-11-07 1969-11-07 Belt printer with conductive elements on non-conductive belt Expired - Lifetime US3684075A (en)

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BE (1) BE758652A (fr)
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FR (1) FR2069090A5 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2523948A1 (de) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-02 Richter Joachim Vorrichtung zum beladen, insbesondere von schiffen mit stueck- und/oder schuettgut
US4034842A (en) * 1974-05-10 1977-07-12 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Arrangement for driving a printing head along a printing line
US4242003A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-12-30 Xerox Corporation Multi-pass matrix printing
US4392754A (en) * 1982-02-10 1983-07-12 Extel Corporation Magnetic dot matrix printing method and apparatus
US4392755A (en) * 1982-02-10 1983-07-12 Extel Corporation Magnetic dot matrix printing
US4657416A (en) * 1984-12-20 1987-04-14 Cii Honeywell Bull (Societe Anonyme) Non-impact printing apparatus
EP0466127A2 (fr) * 1990-07-10 1992-01-15 Oki Electric Industry Company, Limited Imprimante électrophotographique
US5191834A (en) * 1988-10-14 1993-03-09 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Printing system with printing form having a ferro-electric layer
EP0713155A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-06-04 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Dispositif d'impression anisotrope et méthode
EP0713154A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-06-04 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Dispositif d'impression et méthode

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985135A (en) * 1959-05-28 1961-05-23 Ibm Magnetic typewriter
US3023070A (en) * 1957-05-20 1962-02-27 Burroughs Corp Atmosphere for electrographic printing
US3120806A (en) * 1957-04-24 1964-02-11 Ibm Magnetic image plate
US3257222A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-06-21 Xerox Corp Electrostatic recording method and apparatus using shaped electrodes
US3321768A (en) * 1960-05-12 1967-05-23 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic recording with interchangeable stencils
US3400213A (en) * 1963-07-20 1968-09-03 Rudolf Hell Kommanditgesellsch Electrostatic telegraphic printer
US3422753A (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-01-21 Siemens Ag Apparatus for the recording,by-the-line of symbols on a sheet-like carrier
US3441938A (en) * 1964-06-01 1969-04-29 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic and magnetic recording method
US3495268A (en) * 1966-03-15 1970-02-10 Mohawk Data Sciences Corp Continuously moving endless band non-impact transfer printer

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3120806A (en) * 1957-04-24 1964-02-11 Ibm Magnetic image plate
US3023070A (en) * 1957-05-20 1962-02-27 Burroughs Corp Atmosphere for electrographic printing
US2985135A (en) * 1959-05-28 1961-05-23 Ibm Magnetic typewriter
US3321768A (en) * 1960-05-12 1967-05-23 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic recording with interchangeable stencils
US3257222A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-06-21 Xerox Corp Electrostatic recording method and apparatus using shaped electrodes
US3400213A (en) * 1963-07-20 1968-09-03 Rudolf Hell Kommanditgesellsch Electrostatic telegraphic printer
US3441938A (en) * 1964-06-01 1969-04-29 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic and magnetic recording method
US3422753A (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-01-21 Siemens Ag Apparatus for the recording,by-the-line of symbols on a sheet-like carrier
US3495268A (en) * 1966-03-15 1970-02-10 Mohawk Data Sciences Corp Continuously moving endless band non-impact transfer printer

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034842A (en) * 1974-05-10 1977-07-12 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Arrangement for driving a printing head along a printing line
DE2523948A1 (de) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-02 Richter Joachim Vorrichtung zum beladen, insbesondere von schiffen mit stueck- und/oder schuettgut
US4242003A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-12-30 Xerox Corporation Multi-pass matrix printing
US4392754A (en) * 1982-02-10 1983-07-12 Extel Corporation Magnetic dot matrix printing method and apparatus
US4392755A (en) * 1982-02-10 1983-07-12 Extel Corporation Magnetic dot matrix printing
US4657416A (en) * 1984-12-20 1987-04-14 Cii Honeywell Bull (Societe Anonyme) Non-impact printing apparatus
US5191834A (en) * 1988-10-14 1993-03-09 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Printing system with printing form having a ferro-electric layer
EP0466127A2 (fr) * 1990-07-10 1992-01-15 Oki Electric Industry Company, Limited Imprimante électrophotographique
EP0466127A3 (en) * 1990-07-10 1992-06-24 Oki Electric Industry Company, Limited Electrophotographic printer
US5216453A (en) * 1990-07-10 1993-06-01 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic printer
EP0713155A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-06-04 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Dispositif d'impression anisotrope et méthode
EP0713154A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-06-04 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Dispositif d'impression et méthode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2054262A1 (de) 1971-05-19
FR2069090A5 (fr) 1971-09-03
BE758652A (fr) 1971-05-10

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Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004389/0606

Effective date: 19831122