US3677018A - A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration - Google Patents

A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration Download PDF

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Publication number
US3677018A
US3677018A US28709A US3677018DA US3677018A US 3677018 A US3677018 A US 3677018A US 28709 A US28709 A US 28709A US 3677018D A US3677018D A US 3677018DA US 3677018 A US3677018 A US 3677018A
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United States
Prior art keywords
earth
supporting member
foundation element
perforated
vibration
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Expired - Lifetime
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US28709A
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Abraham Francois Van Weele
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Tot Aanneming Van Werken Voorheen HJ Nederhorst NV
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Tot Aanneming Van Werken Voorheen HJ Nederhorst NV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/72—Pile shoes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating

Definitions

  • This perforated supporting member may be a perforated plate or a grid composed of upstanding partitions.
  • the invention relates to a method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration; as well as to a supporting member for this foundation element.
  • a foundation element may only be driven into the earth by means of a vibrator when the cross-section of this element is rather small. It is, for example, possible to vibrate a metal pile having an I-I-shaped cross-section into the earth. However, such a pile has only a small lower bearing surface so that its supporting capacity will have to be substantially derived from the friction between its upstanding side surface and the earth. When the upper layers of the earth insufficiently contribute to this friction, foundation piles which are adapted to be vibrated into the earth due to their small cross-section, can only accept a small load. In case the upper layers of the earth are subject to subsidence e.g. because the ground level has previously been raised, the friction between the earth and the upstanding side surface of the foundation element would even act on the element in a downward direction, which makes the application of foundation piles which are adapted to be vibrated into the earth wholly impossible.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one perforated supporting member is carried along by the foundation element when this element is vibrated into the earth.
  • the (or each) supporting member which is driven into the earth together with the foundation element is perforated, only a small resistance will be encountered as the earth may penetrate through the perforations. Thus, the vibrator will be able to overcome this resistance even when the overall surface of the perforated supporting member(s) is large. Therefore, the perforated supporting member(s) may be driven into a bearing layer of the earth without any difficulty.
  • the perforations in the supporting member are arranged and dimensioned in such manner that, when the foundation element is subjected to a static load, a bridging effect is obtained in the earth within these perforations which is sufficient to transfer the forces to the supporting member, this supporting member will conduct itself as if no perforations are present.
  • a hardening fluid may be injected underneath at least one perforated supporting member.
  • a perforated supporting member may be positioned underneath the foundation element before this element is vibrated into the earth.
  • the perforated supporting member may be easily vibrated into the earth.
  • the invention further relates to a supporting member for a foundation element adapted to be used in the method hereinbefore described.
  • This supporting member may consist of a perforated plate or of a grid composed of upstanding partitions.
  • the invention also relates to a foundation comprising at least one foundation element which has been driven into the earth by means of vibration according to the method hereinbefore described.
  • the pile 1 shown in the drawing by way of example is made of metal and is I-I-shaped in cross-section.
  • a pile shoe which is positioned underneath the lower end of this pile 1 consists of a grid 2 composed of upstanding partitions.
  • the grid 2 may be connected to the lower end of the pile 1.
  • a second grid 2' which is similar to the grid 2 is fixedly connected to the pile 1 at a distance above the grid 2.
  • the surface of the grids 2, 2' is large relative to the crosssection of the pile 1. Further, the openings of the grids 2, 2' cover at least percent of their overall surface.
  • the pile 1, together with the grids 2, 2' may be driven into the earth by means of a vibrator 3. As the earth may penetrate through the openings in the grids 2, 2' only a small displacement of the earth will be necessary during this driving operation so that only a small resistance will be encountered. After the pile 1 has reached its required depth in the earth, the grids 2, 2 act as supporting members.
  • the openings in the grids 2, 2' may be arranged and dimensioned in such manner that under the influence of a static load on the pile 1 a bridging effect will occur in the earth within these openings which is sufficient to transmit the forces onto the grids 2, 2. These grids 2, 2 will then substantially act as solid plate members.
  • a hardening fluid into the earth underneath the grid 2 and/or the earth below the grid 2' in order to obtain the required supporting capacity of the grids 2, 2.
  • the hardening fluid is injected through the upper ends of pipes 4 and 4.
  • the lower end of pipe 4 extends through the perforations of lower grid 2, whereas the pipe 4' extends only through grid 2' so as to allow for the injection of the hardening fluid, under suitable pressure, underneath either one or both of the grids.
  • the supporting members may consist of perforated plates.
  • this member will generally be positioned underneath the pile so as to act as a pile shoe.
  • the number of the supporting members may be varied at will in dependence on the conditions of the earth or the required load capacity of the pile.
  • a method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration comprising, mounting the lower end of the foundation element on the upper surface of a perforated supporting member, and concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, forming said perforated supporting member as a relatively flat element with upstanding partitions forming a substantially uniform grid over its entire extent with openings which constitute at least 80 percent of the entire surface area, whereby the openings are so arranged and dimensioned so as to provide a bridging effect in the earth through said openings upon subjecting the foundation element to a static load and render the supporting member equivalent to an unperforated supporting member, said supporting member being formed to extend substantially beyond the periphery of the foundation element.
  • a method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration comprising; connecting a perforated supporting member to the lower end of the foundation element, the supporting member extending beyond the periphery of the foundation element, concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath said perforated supporting member.
  • porting members in conjunction with the foundation element into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath at least one of said perforated supporting members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration. According to the invention at least one perforated supporting member is taken along by the foundation element when this element is vibrated into the earth. This perforated supporting member may be a perforated plate or a grid composed of upstanding partitions.

Description

United States Patent Van Weele 451 July 18, 1972 [5 METHOD FOR DRIVING A [56] References Cited FOUNDATION ELEMENT INTO THE UNITED STATES PATENTS EARTH BY MEANS OF VIBRATION 3,416,322 12/1968 Bodme ..173/49 x lnvemorr Abraham Francois Van Week, Waddinx- 2,846,852 8/1968 Cappel ..61/53 veen, Netherlands 3,210,897 10/1965 Whittington ..6l/53.6 x
[73] Assignee aw as: FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1 185,752 1956 Austria ..6l/53 [22] Elm 1970 641,496 1962 ltaly..... 211 App]. No.: 28,709 4,648 1920 Netherlands ..61/53 Primary Examiner-Jacob Shapiro [30] Foreign Appumuon Monty Data Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen April 22, 1969 Netherlands ..6906153 57 ABSTRACT 52 U.S. c1 ..61/53.5, 5274033154536, A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by [51] Int Cl Emd 7/18 502d 3/l'2 means of vibration. According to the invention at least one ..61 53. 3, 53.6, 50, 36, Perfolrated supPmmg member aken 81mgbY fmmda' [58] of Search I 5 5 tion element when this element is vibrated into the earth. This perforated supporting member may be a perforated plate or a grid composed of upstanding partitions.
3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration; as well as to a supporting member for this foundation element.
A foundation element may only be driven into the earth by means of a vibrator when the cross-section of this element is rather small. It is, for example, possible to vibrate a metal pile having an I-I-shaped cross-section into the earth. However, such a pile has only a small lower bearing surface so that its supporting capacity will have to be substantially derived from the friction between its upstanding side surface and the earth. When the upper layers of the earth insufficiently contribute to this friction, foundation piles which are adapted to be vibrated into the earth due to their small cross-section, can only accept a small load. In case the upper layers of the earth are subject to subsidence e.g. because the ground level has previously been raised, the friction between the earth and the upstanding side surface of the foundation element would even act on the element in a downward direction, which makes the application of foundation piles which are adapted to be vibrated into the earth wholly impossible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a first object of the present invention to provide a method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, wherein the ultimate supporting capacity of the foundation element is considerably increased.
For this purpose, the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one perforated supporting member is carried along by the foundation element when this element is vibrated into the earth.
Due to the fact, that the (or each) supporting member which is driven into the earth together with the foundation element is perforated, only a small resistance will be encountered as the earth may penetrate through the perforations. Thus, the vibrator will be able to overcome this resistance even when the overall surface of the perforated supporting member(s) is large. Therefore, the perforated supporting member(s) may be driven into a bearing layer of the earth without any difficulty.
If the perforations in the supporting member are arranged and dimensioned in such manner that, when the foundation element is subjected to a static load, a bridging effect is obtained in the earth within these perforations which is sufficient to transfer the forces to the supporting member, this supporting member will conduct itself as if no perforations are present.
If, however, this bridging effect does not occur to a sufficient degree a hardening fluid may be injected underneath at least one perforated supporting member.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a perforated supporting member may be positioned underneath the foundation element before this element is vibrated into the earth.
Contrary to the well known non-perforated pile shoes which cannot be vibrated into the earth as the resistance defined by their cross-section would be prohibitive, the perforated supporting member may be easily vibrated into the earth.
The invention further relates to a supporting member for a foundation element adapted to be used in the method hereinbefore described.
This supporting member may consist of a perforated plate or of a grid composed of upstanding partitions.
The invention also relates to a foundation comprising at least one foundation element which has been driven into the earth by means of vibration according to the method hereinbefore described.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to the drawing, which shows a perspective view of the lower portion of a pile provided with two perforated supporting members.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The pile 1 shown in the drawing by way of example is made of metal and is I-I-shaped in cross-section. A pile shoe which is positioned underneath the lower end of this pile 1 consists of a grid 2 composed of upstanding partitions. The grid 2 may be connected to the lower end of the pile 1.
A second grid 2' which is similar to the grid 2 is fixedly connected to the pile 1 at a distance above the grid 2.
The surface of the grids 2, 2' is large relative to the crosssection of the pile 1. Further, the openings of the grids 2, 2' cover at least percent of their overall surface.
The pile 1, together with the grids 2, 2' may be driven into the earth by means of a vibrator 3. As the earth may penetrate through the openings in the grids 2, 2' only a small displacement of the earth will be necessary during this driving operation so that only a small resistance will be encountered. After the pile 1 has reached its required depth in the earth, the grids 2, 2 act as supporting members.
The openings in the grids 2, 2' may be arranged and dimensioned in such manner that under the influence of a static load on the pile 1 a bridging effect will occur in the earth within these openings which is sufficient to transmit the forces onto the grids 2, 2. These grids 2, 2 will then substantially act as solid plate members.
Further, it is possible to inject a hardening fluid into the earth underneath the grid 2 and/or the earth below the grid 2' in order to obtain the required supporting capacity of the grids 2, 2. After the pile 1 has been vibrated into the ground to its predetermined depth by the action of vibrator 3, the hardening fluid is injected through the upper ends of pipes 4 and 4. The lower end of pipe 4 extends through the perforations of lower grid 2, whereas the pipe 4' extends only through grid 2' so as to allow for the injection of the hardening fluid, under suitable pressure, underneath either one or both of the grids.
According to a modified embodiment, the supporting members may consist of perforated plates.
If only one supporting member is used, this member will generally be positioned underneath the pile so as to act as a pile shoe. Of course, the number of the supporting members may be varied at will in dependence on the conditions of the earth or the required load capacity of the pile.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiment shown in the drawing which may be varied in several ways within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, comprising, mounting the lower end of the foundation element on the upper surface of a perforated supporting member, and concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, forming said perforated supporting member as a relatively flat element with upstanding partitions forming a substantially uniform grid over its entire extent with openings which constitute at least 80 percent of the entire surface area, whereby the openings are so arranged and dimensioned so as to provide a bridging effect in the earth through said openings upon subjecting the foundation element to a static load and render the supporting member equivalent to an unperforated supporting member, said supporting member being formed to extend substantially beyond the periphery of the foundation element.
2. A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, comprising; connecting a perforated supporting member to the lower end of the foundation element, the supporting member extending beyond the periphery of the foundation element, concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath said perforated supporting member.
porting members in conjunction with the foundation element into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath at least one of said perforated supporting members.

Claims (3)

1. A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, comprising, mounting the lower end of the foundation element on the upper surface of a perforated supporting member, and concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, forming said perforated supporting member as a relatively flat element with upstanding partitions forming a substantially uniform grid ovEr its entire extent with openings which constitute at least 80 percent of the entire surface area, whereby the openings are so arranged and dimensioned so as to provide a bridging effect in the earth through said openings upon subjecting the foundation element to a static load and render the supporting member equivalent to an unperforated supporting member, said supporting member being formed to extend substantially beyond the periphery of the foundation element.
2. A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, comprising; connecting a perforated supporting member to the lower end of the foundation element, the supporting member extending beyond the periphery of the foundation element, concurrently vibrating the foundation element and said supporting member into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath said perforated supporting member.
3. A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration, comprising; connecting a perforated supporting member to the lower end of the foundation element, connecting at least one further perforated supporting member to the foundation element at a distance above the lower end of said element, concurrently vibrating said supporting members in conjunction with the foundation element into the earth, and injecting a hardening fluid into the earth underneath at least one of said perforated supporting members.
US28709A 1969-04-22 1970-04-15 A method for driving a foundation element into the earth by means of vibration Expired - Lifetime US3677018A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL696906153A NL144353B (en) 1969-04-22 1969-04-22 METHOD FOR INSERTING AN ELEMENT SERVING A FOUNDATION INTO THE GROUND BY MEANS OF A VIBRATOR; AS WELL AS A SUPPORTING ORGAN FOR AN ELEMENT SERVING FOR A FOUNDATION, EQUIPPED FOR APPLICATION IN THIS METHOD AND THE FOUNDATION OBTAINED THEREFORE.

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US3677018A true US3677018A (en) 1972-07-18

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JP (1) JPS511921B1 (en)
BE (1) BE748224A (en)
DE (1) DE2019029C3 (en)
ES (1) ES378867A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2046263A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1295304A (en)
MY (1) MY7300401A (en)
NL (1) NL144353B (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999395A (en) * 1973-04-26 1976-12-28 Ab Vattenbyggnadsbyran Support arrangement for a construction
FR2507642A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-17 Menard Tech Louis Compacting device for sandy soil - comprises vertical rod carrying horizontal plate at its upper end
WO1995035416A1 (en) * 1994-06-17 1995-12-28 Geo Engineering Ab An arrangement for increasing the load carrying capacity of a pile
WO1997024493A1 (en) * 1995-12-26 1997-07-10 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in-situ
US6264402B1 (en) * 1995-12-26 2001-07-24 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in place
US6684577B2 (en) 2000-11-22 2004-02-03 Mark Dimitrijevic Support system for lifting and leveling existing buildings that utilizes non-cylindrical support sections and a vertically-adjustable cap that enables the building to be easily raised or lowered to a desired height
US6705053B2 (en) 2000-11-22 2004-03-16 Mark Dimitrijevic Method and apparatus for utilizing non-cylindrical support sections to lift and level existing buildings from a location underneath the buildings
US6763636B2 (en) * 2001-03-06 2004-07-20 Mark Dimitrijevic Method and apparatus for stabilizing a support system utilized for lifting and leveling existing buildings

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT185752B (en) * 1953-08-20 1956-06-11 Wilhelm Dipl Ing Degen Device for excavation, especially of masses with difficult to separate components
US2846852A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-08-12 Horace Williams Company Inc W Mud ring for the development of passive resistance in soft soils
US3210897A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-10-12 Paul E Whittington Ground anchor securing device
US3416322A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-12-17 Albert G. Bodine Sonic method and apparatus for implanting underground concrete walls

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT185752B (en) * 1953-08-20 1956-06-11 Wilhelm Dipl Ing Degen Device for excavation, especially of masses with difficult to separate components
US2846852A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-08-12 Horace Williams Company Inc W Mud ring for the development of passive resistance in soft soils
US3210897A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-10-12 Paul E Whittington Ground anchor securing device
US3416322A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-12-17 Albert G. Bodine Sonic method and apparatus for implanting underground concrete walls

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999395A (en) * 1973-04-26 1976-12-28 Ab Vattenbyggnadsbyran Support arrangement for a construction
FR2507642A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-17 Menard Tech Louis Compacting device for sandy soil - comprises vertical rod carrying horizontal plate at its upper end
WO1995035416A1 (en) * 1994-06-17 1995-12-28 Geo Engineering Ab An arrangement for increasing the load carrying capacity of a pile
WO1997024493A1 (en) * 1995-12-26 1997-07-10 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in-situ
AU724933B2 (en) * 1995-12-26 2000-10-05 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in-situ
US6264402B1 (en) * 1995-12-26 2001-07-24 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in place
US6435776B2 (en) 1995-12-26 2002-08-20 Vickars Development Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in place
US6652195B2 (en) 1995-12-26 2003-11-25 Vickars Developments Co. Ltd. Method and apparatus for forming piles in place
US6684577B2 (en) 2000-11-22 2004-02-03 Mark Dimitrijevic Support system for lifting and leveling existing buildings that utilizes non-cylindrical support sections and a vertically-adjustable cap that enables the building to be easily raised or lowered to a desired height
US6705053B2 (en) 2000-11-22 2004-03-16 Mark Dimitrijevic Method and apparatus for utilizing non-cylindrical support sections to lift and level existing buildings from a location underneath the buildings
US6763636B2 (en) * 2001-03-06 2004-07-20 Mark Dimitrijevic Method and apparatus for stabilizing a support system utilized for lifting and leveling existing buildings

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Publication number Publication date
NL144353B (en) 1974-12-16
MY7300401A (en) 1973-12-31
ES378867A1 (en) 1973-01-16
GB1295304A (en) 1972-11-08
NL6906153A (en) 1970-10-26
JPS511921B1 (en) 1976-01-21
DE2019029A1 (en) 1970-11-12
BE748224A (en) 1970-08-31
FR2046263A5 (en) 1971-03-05
DE2019029B2 (en) 1975-02-06
DE2019029C3 (en) 1975-09-11

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