US367069A - Electric locomotive - Google Patents

Description

6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.) v

E.- S. SHAW.

ELEGTRIOLOOOMOTIVE.

No. 367,069. Patented July 26, 1887.

' [nvent02v- I Edward A5. Sh

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

NoMoaeL E. S. SHAW.

ELECTRIC LOGOMOTIVE.

Inventor:-

Witnesses JALQ/QQ/ (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E; S. SHAW.

ELECTRIC LOOOMOTIVE.

No. 367,069. Patented July 26, 1887.

[Men/for:

Edward R V/ \\\\\\N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ M'thessw:

(No Model.) -6 Sheets-Sheet 5. v E. S. SHAW.

J ELECTRIC LOOOMOTIVE. i jN0. 36 7,069. Patented July 26,1887.

"lug" "H ii Witness? Inz/anf0r:. V

' Edward JAY/Law,

UNITED STATES PATENT GFEICE.

EDYVA RD S. SHAW, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 367-,069, dated July 26, 1887.

Application filed June 3, 1886. Serial No. 204,105.. (No model.)

f0 aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARDS. SHAW, acitizen of the .United States, residing at Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented a new and useful Electric Locomotive, of which the following'is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the class of electric locomotives in which the electromotor propelling the locomotive or car is carried upon and supported by a bogie or pivoted truck, so as to allow the vehicle to pass around a curve of short radius with ease. 1

Heretofore in bogie-trucks the motor has usually been attached to the truck or axles below the floor of the car and between the wheels. This position is objectionable on ac count of the difficulty of inspecting, cleaning, and repairing the motor, and on account of injury from dust or mud, snowor ice, obstructionson the track, 8m.

The objects of my invention are, first, to so combine an electromotor of relatively large size and power with the frames of the truck andfloor of an electrically-propelled vehicle, that, while the motor may be carried above the floor of the vehicle and its weight and power may be equally distributed among and exercised upon theseveraldriving-wheels, the truck and motor shall be free to turn laterally about a center bearing or pivot, while travel ing over curves in the track, and, second, to construct and arrange the mechanism by which the power of the motor is transmitted to the driving-wheels so that while the power of the motor may be equally distributed among and exercised upon the driving-wheels the axles shall be free to move vertically in spring-bearings, so as to conform to irregularities in the traelgvariations of load, and vibrations of the springs.

I attain the above objects by the methods of construction and the combinations illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation and longitudinal section of a double-truck locomotive exemplifying myinvention. Fig. 2 is aplan and horizontal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the truck and motor, with a longitudinal section of a portion of the floor of the above the floor.

locomotive or car. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the motorand truck in greater detail. Fig. 5 is alongitudinal section through floor and trucks between the wheels. Fig. 6 is an end elevation and transverse section of motor and truck, the section being taken on and near the center line or axis. Fig. 7is a transverse section through floor and trucks, that on the lefthand side being'taken on and near the center line of the trucks, and on the righthand side near the transverse floor-beam B. longitudinal section through the motor, showmg the arrangement of the field-magnet and armature-coils, the commutator and brushes. Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through the axial line of the motor. the commutator, brush, and regulator-ring. Fig. 12 contains views of the brush on a larger scale, while Fig. 13 shows a modification of the brush. Figs. 8 to 13, inclusive, are introduced in order to morefullydescribe and illus; trate the form of motor used in exemplifying my invention, and are not referred to in my claims. Fig. 14 is a side elevation and longitudinal section showing a variation in the form of motor and in the method of transmitting its power to the driving-wheels, not specifically claimed in this application. Fig. 15 is an end elevation and transverse section of the same. In all of the figures the same letters or nunr bers are used to denote similar parts. 7 Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be see that the locomotive there illustrated consists of a pair of four-wheeled trucks, each combined with and supporting a rotary motor whose shaft or axis of rotation is parallel with and midway between the driving-wheel axles, and at a sufficient distance above the floor of the vehicle to allow an armature of relatively large size to revolve upon the shaft entirely The trucks are attached to and connected together by alsubstantial floorframe, preferably of iron or steel, through and by means of center bearings or pivots, allowing the trucks to turn laterally when passing over curves in the track, as shown by the dotted lines at the right hand of Fig. 2.

The locomotive should be covered by a neat and substantial housing to protect its contents from the weather. The floor-space between the motors may be utilized for storage-batten Fig. 8 is a Fig. 10 is an elevationfof ies or baggage, the end spaces being reserved for the enginemen.

By omitting the motor upon one of the trucks and using the space thus obtained for passengers or baggage I have a locomotivecar whose motor-truck is constructed in accordance with my claims.

In Figs. 3, 4, 6, 14, and 15 the driving-wheels \V are connected transversely by axles w, iournaled in boxes which are allowed a slight vertical motion in pedestals or guides when subjected to impacts or variations of load, being restrained by the springs S, to which the truck-frames are suspended by means of hangers s, the inner pair of whiehniay be connected by an equalizing-bar, E, Figs. 11 and 15. The truck-frames T may be of iron or steel, or of a combination of wood and metal. They may be placed outside of the wheels, as in Figs. 4 and 6, or inside, as in Figs. 14: and 15. XVhen placed outside, a supplemental inner truek bar, T, Figs. 5, 6, and 7, may be used, to which the motor-frames M may be braced by brackets 19, Figs. 5, 6, and 7, and to which axleguards may be attached.

The specific mechanical construction and electrical arrangement of the eleetromotor are not claimed as apart of this invention, and may be varied. I would, however, prefer to employ one of the two types shown in my drawings, and which may be constructively classified together as consisting of a shaft or axis carrying one or more annular or radial bobbin-armatures of large size, field-magnets parallel with and equidistant from the shaft and at right angles to the plane of the armature, and a pair of supporting-frames situated in planes parallel to the plane of the armature and at right angles to the axes of the magnets. These frames are supported directly upon and attached to the side frames of the truck, a strip of elastic material being preferably interposed, and should be spread longitudinally at their base to give greater stability.

At the center of each motor-frame is a pillow-block or bearing carrying the motor-shaft m, upon which the armature rings or wheels A and commutators O are concentrically attached. Surrounding the motor-shaft, parallel with and equidistant from it, are the fieldmagnetsf. These may consist of a large num ber of comparatively small eleetro or permanent magnets, as in Figs. 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9, set in a circle or ring, F, formed upon the motorframe, or there may be fewer magnets oflarger size connected across from frame to frame, as in Figs. 14 and 15. The armatures may consist of alarge number of coils wound upon bobbins whose axes are parallel to and equidistantfrom the motor-shaft, as in Figs. 3, 4C, 6, 8, and 9, or they may be of the well-known Gramme or Pacinotti type, as in Figs. 14 and 15. In either case a double ring or circle of coils may be used, and the poles of one armature may have a lead or angular advance upon those of the other to obviate dead-points.

In all of the figuresff are the field-magnets, F is the field-magnet ring or portion of the motor-frame to which they are attached, a a are the armature-coils, and A is the wheel or ring to which they are attached and by which they are connected with the motor-shaft.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, and Figs. 14 and 15, it will be noticed that the truck-frames T are connected together transversely by means of a pair of beams or transoms, 1', having attached to their central portion a center bearing or pivot-plate, b,which supports an upper center bearing, 1), attached to the inner longitudinal beams of the floor L. Projecting laterally on either side of the center bearings, and attached to the beams L, are a pair of transverse cantalevers or brackets, 13, having attached to or formed upon their ends the side bearings, Z). The brackets 13 pass through elongated openings in the motorframes, and each bearing 1) is placed nearly in contact with a smooth horizontal surface formed upon the motor-frame or on the side frame of the truck. The side framing and housing 24 of the vehicle is supported upon the outer longitudinal floor-beams, L, and its weight, with that of the outer portion of the floor and load borne by the beams L, is transferred to the inside floor-beams, L, and thence to the center bearings and tracks by means of the transverse fioorbeams B B, situated without the limits of the truckframes. Longitudinal slots or openings are cut in the floorplanking 22 to allow the passage and lateral movement of the n1otor-frames and connections, these openings being covered and guarded by metallic plates 23, attached to the motor-frames so as to slide over the surface of the floor, or by a flexible covering composed of interwoven metallic links or chain-cloth covered with canvas, &c.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4, and 6, it will be see that the motorshaft m carries upon its extremities a pair of cranks, c. The pulleys P upon the motor-shaft are for an object not a part of this invention-viz., the driving of a fan, blower, air-pump, &c., by means of a beltpassing around thepnlley. To the cranks c are attached, by means of crank-pins, a pair of vertical connecting-rods or eye-bars G, which have their lower ends journaled upon pins fixed eccentrically in wheels I, centered upon the ends of a transverse intermediate or auxiliary shaft, t',which turns in bearings supported upon and between the truck-transoms 1. The wheel I is connected with the drivingwheels V, or with their axles w, by means of coupling rods or bars 0 G,journaled upon pins in cranks c c",fixed upon the ends of the driving-axles, or in the drivingwheels themselves, whcre inside frames are used, as in Figs.

IIC

noiseless mechanism, and the driving-wheels are allowed to move vertically in their guides without imparting any vertical thrust to the shafts z or m. t

It is evident that the motor-shaft mightbe connected directly with one or both of the driving-axles by meansof inclined connectingrods journaled upon the cranks c c c", and such an arrangement has been shown in Eng lish Patent No. 12,300 of 183i. In this arrangement, however, there would be in certain positions of the cranks and rods a tendency to obstruct the play or vertical movement of the drivers, and thus create a transverse or bending stress in the shaft, axles, or cranks. This method is therefore objectionable.

In certain circumstances it may occur that the driving-wheels ordinarily move at a low rate of speed, and as a motor connected with them as above set forth must necessarily make the same number of revolutions in a given time as the drivingwheels its speed in this case may not be great enough for the generation of a sufficiently high counter electro-motive force to insure the most economical opera tion of the motor. With these conditions I should prefer to connect the-motor shaft m with the intermediate shaft, i, bythe mechanism shown in Figs. li'and 15, inwhichp is a small gear or pinion upon the end of the motor-shaft. G is a larger gear,which may have a single or double circle of teetlrfixed upon a counter shaft or axle, g, and I is a gear-wheel upon the end of the intermediate shaft, 1'.

This mechanism may form the subject ofa future application for Letters Patent.

In order to make the illustration and exem- I plificationot my locomotive full and complete,

I have shown, Figs. 8 to 13, inclusive, the form of motor and method of com mutating and regulating the currents which I would preferably adopt. These particulars are not claimed in the present application, but may form the subjects of futureones.

The motor is of the class known as multipolar, and consists of anumber-in thepresent example thirty-in each ring, of radiallyelongated field-magnets ff, having preferably soft-iron cores, separate from the motor-frame but fixedin and attached to the same,as shown. The armatures consist each of a metallic ring 01' wheel, A, provided with radial slots to prevent circulating currents, or built up.of a number of sectors insulated from one another andfirmly bolted together. The ring A carries near its periphery a number of radially-- elongated coils, a a, wound upon hollow wrought-iron cores or bobbins, which are at tached to the ring and insulated from it by the backing 17. vThe number of coils in each armature circle may be equal to or double the number of field-magnet coils in one circle. here the number of coils in the armature is the same as that of the field-magnets, the coils in one armature-ring should have a lead or advance upon those ofthe other ring equal to about one-half of the pitch or distance between them, and their respective comniutators or brushes should have thesame lead upon one another.

The commutator 0 consists of a pair of melations, passing across the curved surface of the cylinder,to whose shape theyconform, being bent over and attachedto the opposite end ofthe cylinder. cumference strips of the ring 8 alternate and interlock with and are insulated from those of the ring 9, and the opposite rings, 8 and 9,

are insulated from one another and from the motors-haft m. Connected with the circumferential strips or divisions of the commutator are binding screws 12, to which the terminal wires 14 of the armature-coils are attached.

There are two brushes, V, for each commu-' tator, each brush consisting of the contact point or wheel 1, Figs. 12 and 13, the metallic frame or holder 2, and the backing 3, which is preferably of wood, separated from the holder 2 by a strip of insulating material.

Binding-screws 5 serve for the attachment of the conductors 15, conveying the current,both' of the conductors attached to the same brush being of the same kind-that is, either positive or negative. The field-magnets being wound so as to present poles of alternate north and south polarity, the armature-coils should,

in any given position, have poles of alternate polarity. The number of divisions in the commutator should equal that of the fieldmagnets in one ring, and should be the double of an odd number, so that the oppositebrushes may always be in contact with opposite sets of commutator divisions.

The armaturecoils may be connected with all of the divisions of the commutator, so as to be in multiple are, one end of each coil being attached to a positive, the other to a negative binding screw, or any convenient number of armature-coils may be connected in series, the terminals of the group being attached to positive and negative binding-screws, and by varying'these connections a number of different combinations of, series and multiple-or parallel circuit may be effected. In any case the direct-ion of the current in any given coil will be changed during each revolution as many times as there are divisions in the commutator, and by moving the brushes circumferentially about the commutator, through an angle equal to that of one of its divisions, the point of reversal of the current may be changed from the position of a given armature-coil opposite the pole of any given magnet to a position opposite the pole of the adjacent one, and the direction and speed of rotation thus controlled.

Each brush is attached, by means of screws ori The denticulations or cirbrush-spring Z, which is secured at each end to the regulator-ring R by means of screwbolts and nuts ti,allowing an adjustment. The regulator-ring It is situated a short distance within and parallel to a retaining or guide ring, R, secured to the frame of the motor concentric with its axis, or forming a part of that frame.

Blocks of anti-friction metal '7,suflicieutly luln'icated,confine the rcgulatorring in place, while they allow a circumferential motion in either direction, this motion being effected by means of thehandwheel II, Figs. 3, 4-, and 9, the intermediate or idle gear 7:, the pinion q, and rack 2-. As there would usually be apair of commutators with their respective brushes situated upon opposite sides of the motor, I would connect them by a lateral shaft, Z, pro vided with similar gearing at either end, so that both sets of brushes may be operated from thesainewhcel H. The regulating-gear oftwo motors upon the same locomotive maybe connected so as to be operated from the same point.

The electric current by which the motors are actuated may be generated by dynamo-machines, and transmitted to the locomotive through the rails,or through an insulated conductor pa allel with them, or it may be derived in whole or in part from storage or secondary batteries carried upon the locomotive or train. It may be conveyed to the field-magnet coils by means of the insulated cable 18, Fig. 4-, having branches connected with the brushes, the field-magnet and armaturc-conductors being connected with one another, and with the supply-conductor by a suitable switch or co mmutator eontrolled by the engine-man. The methods ofgenerating, transforming, conveying, and controlling the actuatingcurrent which I would preferably adopt do not form a part of this invention, but may form the subject of an application for a patent for an electric railway system.

I do not claim, broadly, as my invention, the position of the axis or shaft of the electromoter, parallel with and midway between the driving-wheels and above the floor of the vehicle; neither do I claim, generally, the combination and dynamical connection of the motor-shaft with the driving-wheel axles by means of reciprocating coupling-rods; nor, in general, the combination of an intermediate or auxiliary shaft situated between the drivingwheel axles,with a motor situated above it.

Vhat I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An electric locomotive or electrically propelled railway-vchicle provided with one or more rotary electromotors, each mounted upon and supported by a four-wheeled bogie or centrally-pivoted truck, each motor containing a central shaft or axis of rotation parallel to and midway between the driving-wheel axles and above the floor of the vehicle, one or more revolving armaturcs fixed concentrically upon the said shaft, field-magnets parallel with and equidistant from the said shaft, and a pair of frames supporting the Said shaft and fieldmagnets and situated in vertical planes above and parallel with the side f ramcs of the truck, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In an electric locomotive, the combination ofa four-wheeled bogie or pivoted truck with an eiectromotor whose field-magnets and armatures are situated above the floor of the containing-vehicle and within its housing, and are symmetrically disposed with regard to the wheels and truck-frames, substantially as set forth.

3. In an electric locomotive, the combination of a four-wheeled bogic or pivoted truck with an electromotor whose field-magnets and armatures are supported by a pair of frames situated in vertical planes parallel with and above the side frames of the truck, substan tially as set forth.

at. In an electric locomotive, the combina tion of a bogie or pivoted truck, a lloor-frame and flooring supported upon the center pivot and side bearings of the truck, and an electromotor whose supporting-franies are carried upon the side frames of the truck and pass through guarded openings in the flooring, arranged so as to allow the motor to turn horizontally about the vertical axis or pivot of the truck, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

5. In an electric locomotive, the combination of a bogie or pivoted truck, an electromotor provided with vertical longitudinal frames placed over and supported upon the side frames of the truck, and a floor-frame consisting of a pair of inner longitudinal beams or girders, L L, a pair of outer longitudinal beams, L L, a pair of transverse beams or girders, I) B, situated outside of the limits of the truck-frames, and a pair of cantalevers or brackets, 13 I3, projecting transversely from the center hearing, I), and supported at their ends I) 1) upon the frames of the truck or motor, substantially as shown and described.

6. In an. electric locomotive, the combination, with the frames of the motor'M F and the floor of the vehicle 22, of guardplates 23, attached to the frames of the motor so as to slide laterally over the tloorof the vehicle and cover the openings therein, substantially as specified.

7. In an electric locomotive, the combination of a tour-wheeled truck whose axles are allowed a vertical motion in spring-restrained bearings, an electromotor whose armature shaft or axis is parallel with, midway between, and above the driving-wheel axles, an auxiliary or intermediate shaft parallel with and midway between the driving-axles and beneath the motor-shaft, reciprocating coupling-rodsconnecting the intermediate shaft with the driving wheels or axles, and a device or mechanism connecting the motorshaft with the interme- IlC diate shaft, whereby the power of the motoris transmitted to the driving-wheels, substantially as set forth.

8. In an electric locomotive, the combination of a four-wheeled truck Whose axles are allowed a vertical motion in spring-restrained bearings,an electromot-or whose armature shaft or axis is parallel with, midway between, and

above thedriving-wheel axles, anintermediate shaft parallel with and midway between the drivingaxles and beneath the motor-shaft, reciprocating coupling-rods connecting the intermediate shaft with the driving wheels or 9. In an electric locomotive, the combination of themotor-shaft m, cranks 0, coupling- 20 rods 0, crank or counterbalance wheels I, auxiliary or intermediate shaft, 2', coupling-rods C G, and driving-wheels W W, substantially as herein shown and described.

10. In an electric locomotive, the combina- 25 tion of the motor-shaft M, cranks 0, couplingrods (1, crank or counterbalance wheels I, and intermediate shaft, 1', substantiallyvas set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing wit- 3o nesses. EDWARD S. SHAW.

-- Witnesses: V

O. N. GOODRIOH, ALEX. L. HAYES.

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