US3669778A - Method for the production of fibrous sheet materials - Google Patents

Method for the production of fibrous sheet materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3669778A
US3669778A US8180A US3669778DA US3669778A US 3669778 A US3669778 A US 3669778A US 8180 A US8180 A US 8180A US 3669778D A US3669778D A US 3669778DA US 3669778 A US3669778 A US 3669778A
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United States
Prior art keywords
embossing
fibrous
breaking length
binder
moisture content
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Expired - Lifetime
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US8180A
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English (en)
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Torben Borup Rasmussen
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Individual
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Individual
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1007—Running or continuous length work
    • Y10T156/1023—Surface deformation only [e.g., embossing]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the production of fibrous sheet materials comprising the steps of moistening, embossing and treating a fibrous layer with a binder, which predominantly consists of organic natural fibres and which has been prepared by a dry process.
  • the invention also relates to the fibrous sheet materials made by said method.
  • Fibrous materials prepared by such a method tend to delaminate because of the difliculties encountered when attempting to cause the binder to penetrate into said fibrous layer. It has been attempted to reduce this tendency of delamination by impregnating the fibrous material with great amounts of binder. However, this technique presents the drawback that the fibrous materials become rigid and that the costs of production are considerably increased due to the fact that the binder is a relatively expensive component of said materials.
  • the object of the invention is to obtain a product having a reduced tendency of delamination without using excessive amounts of binder.
  • This object is obtained, according to the invention, by a method which is characterized in adjusting the moisture content of the fibrous layer at a value of at least 6% by weight and heat embossing the fibrous layer at a temperature of above 100 C. before it is sized.
  • the organic natural fibres used are deformed and the contact area in the points of intersection are significantly increased. This results in the obtaining of a capillary effect which causes the absorption capacity of the fibrous material to be significantly increased. Furthermore, the deformation of the fibres in the contact areas increases the strength of the fibrous material.
  • the penetration of the binder is improved within such areas, i.e. the contact areas, within which the effect of the binder is optimum compared to a fibrous product which is embossed in cold and dry condition.
  • the breaking length of the fibrous material For a cold embossed fibrous material the breaking length increases gradually with increasing contents of binder up to a content of about 50% whereafter the breaking length decreases. In a wet and heat embossed fibrous material the breaking length increases very rapidly up to a binder content of about 30% and then starts decreasing. However, the breaking length at a binder content of about 30% is considerably higher than that of a cold embossed fibrous material having the optimum binder content of about 50% Thus, the same strength can be obtained by the method according to the invention by using far less binder than in the prior art methods. As mentioned above the total moisture content of the fibrous layer should be at least 6%.
  • the increasing moisture content requires the use of increased amounts of energy to dry the product and consequently it is normally undesirable to increase the total moisturecontent of the fibrous layer to a value above 15%.
  • embossing temperature should be above 100 C.
  • embossing does not cause the breaking length to be increased.
  • breaking length is suddenly increased and said breaking length increases with increasing temperatures. Due to the fact that cellulosic fibres are miscoloured at temperatures of about 260 C. it is normally undesirable to operate at such high temperatures.
  • a particularly preferred embossing temperature for normal cellulosic fibres is about 250 C. provided the embossing speed is suitably adjusted to said temperature.
  • the breaking length is calculated based on the following equation:
  • an embossing roller set consisting of a steel embossing roller and a smooth rubber roller was used.
  • the diameter of the steel embossing roller was 240 mm. and the length was 400 mm. It was electrically heated by heating elements having a total effect of 16 kilowatt allowing the temperature of the roller to be adjusted at desired values of up to 350 C.
  • the diameter of the rubber roller was 100 mm. and its hardness was Shore.
  • the embossing pattern used corresponds to that of velvet having a spacing between the embossed areas of 1.4 mm. and with embossed areas having a width of 0.3
  • FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the breaking length, the temperature and the moisture content of the fibrous sheet, the embossing speed, the embossing pressure and the weight of the sheet being constant.
  • the embossing speed used was 75 metres per minute, the embossing pressure 17 kg. per cm. and the weight of the sheet was 70 grams per metre
  • FIG. 2 shows the breaking length as a function of the embossing speed and the moisture content, the embossing temperature and the embossing pressure being constant. It appears from FIG. 2 that at low embossing speeds a maximum breaking length is obtained when embossing fibrous products having a relatively high moisture content.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between the breaking length, the embossing pressure and the embossing ternperature, the moisture content being constant. It appears from FIG. 3 that the strength is not increased significantly when operating at higher roller pressure than 17 kg. per
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the breaking length as a function of the moisture content and the embossing temperature. It appears from said figure that irrespective of the embossing temperature the breaking length is not increased significantly at a moisture content of up to about 6%. At a total moisture content of between 6 and 10% the breaking length is significantly increased by using embossing temperatures of between 120 and 250 C. When the moisture content is above approximately 12% the increase of the strength is insignificant. However, the product becomes rigid and relatively high amounts of energy should be used to dry the product. As mentioned above the increase of the strength used by hot embossing moist fibrous sheets is due to a permanent deformation. When embossing a fibrous sheet by means of cold rollers the fibres are merely compressed and due to their flexibility they tend to resume their original shape after the embossing.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the breaking length as a function of the amount of binder expressed in percent of the weight of the sheet material.
  • the moisture content before the em bossing was 10.7% and an embossing pressure of 17 kg. per cm. was used to emboss a sheet material having a weight without binder of grams per metre 2 at an embossing speed of metres per minute.
  • the binder used was an acryl latex in a concentration of 25% (solid content).
  • the binder was applied by means of a pressurized air atomizer.
  • Curve 1 in FIG. 5 shows the results obtained by testing a fibrous sheet material which had been embossed at a temperature of 250 C. and the curve 2 shows the data obtained under similar conditions except that the fibrous product had been embossed at a temperture of 15 C.
  • FIG. 5 shows that with increasing contents of binder of up to about 30% the breaking length increases. At that point the breaking length decreases. The tensile strength also increases with increasing contents of binder but the breaking length decreases because the weight of the sheet material is increased at a relatively higher rate than the tensile strength.
  • the hot embossed product containing no binder has a considerably higher breaking length than that of the cold embossed product.
  • a method for the production of fibrous sheet materials comprising the steps of passing a stream of gas containing suspended organic natural fibres through a gas permeable forming surface to form a fibrous layer thereon and embossing and treating said fibrous layer with a binder, characterized in adjusting the moisture content of said fibrous layer at a value of at least 6% by Weight and embossing said fibrous layer at a temperature of above C. before it is treated with said binder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
US8180A 1969-02-04 1970-02-03 Method for the production of fibrous sheet materials Expired - Lifetime US3669778A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5943/69A GB1276002A (en) 1969-02-04 1969-02-04 Method for the production of fibrous sheet materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3669778A true US3669778A (en) 1972-06-13

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ID=9805531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US8180A Expired - Lifetime US3669778A (en) 1969-02-04 1970-02-03 Method for the production of fibrous sheet materials

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3669778A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5542174B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT309377B (fr)
BE (1) BE745419A (fr)
DE (1) DE2004176A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK149927C (fr)
FI (1) FI56414C (fr)
FR (1) FR2032695A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1276002A (fr)
NL (1) NL7001350A (fr)
NO (1) NO139729C (fr)
SE (1) SE364746B (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010295A (en) * 1971-12-22 1977-03-01 Pavena Ag Process for continuously bonding staple fibers into a stable band and stable band produced according to the aforesaid process
US4207367A (en) * 1970-03-30 1980-06-10 Scott Paper Company Nonwoven fabric
US4296161A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-10-20 Scott Paper Company Dry-formed nonwoven fabric
US4335066A (en) * 1979-12-21 1982-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of forming a fibrous web with high fiber throughput screening
US4366111A (en) * 1979-12-21 1982-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of high fiber throughput screening
US5023126A (en) * 1987-10-02 1991-06-11 Fort Howard Corporation Composite towels and method for making composite towels
US5266250A (en) * 1990-05-09 1993-11-30 Kroyer K K K Method of modifying cellulosic wood fibers and using said fibers for producing fibrous products
DE102004009556A1 (de) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-22 Concert Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserbahn aus Cellulosefasern in einem Trockenlegungsprozess
EP1645672A1 (fr) 2004-10-06 2006-04-12 KVG Technologies Inc. Matelas de fibres de verre densifié par vibration et procédé d'obtention
US20090241831A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-10-01 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus for the uniform distribution of fibers in an air stream
US20100289169A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2010-11-18 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus and method for dry forming a uniform non-woven fibrous web
CN102599633A (zh) * 2011-12-15 2012-07-25 广东省金叶烟草薄片技术开发有限公司 一种干法再造烟叶的原料添加方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK402781A (da) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-11 Kroyer K K K Flerlagsfiberprodukt
GB2252722A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-08-19 Hille Executive Furniture And Seat height adjustment

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207367A (en) * 1970-03-30 1980-06-10 Scott Paper Company Nonwoven fabric
US4010295A (en) * 1971-12-22 1977-03-01 Pavena Ag Process for continuously bonding staple fibers into a stable band and stable band produced according to the aforesaid process
US4296161A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-10-20 Scott Paper Company Dry-formed nonwoven fabric
US4335066A (en) * 1979-12-21 1982-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of forming a fibrous web with high fiber throughput screening
US4366111A (en) * 1979-12-21 1982-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of high fiber throughput screening
US5023126A (en) * 1987-10-02 1991-06-11 Fort Howard Corporation Composite towels and method for making composite towels
US5266250A (en) * 1990-05-09 1993-11-30 Kroyer K K K Method of modifying cellulosic wood fibers and using said fibers for producing fibrous products
US8470219B2 (en) * 2004-02-25 2013-06-25 Glatfelter Falkenhagen Method for the production of a fibrous web from cellulose fibers in an air-laid process
DE102004009556A1 (de) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-22 Concert Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserbahn aus Cellulosefasern in einem Trockenlegungsprozess
US20070209768A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2007-09-13 Concert Gmbh Method For The Production Of A Fibrous Web From Cellulose Fibers In A Draining Process
EP1645672A1 (fr) 2004-10-06 2006-04-12 KVG Technologies Inc. Matelas de fibres de verre densifié par vibration et procédé d'obtention
US20100289169A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2010-11-18 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus and method for dry forming a uniform non-woven fibrous web
US7886411B2 (en) 2007-07-06 2011-02-15 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus for the uniform distribution of fibers in an air stream
US8122570B2 (en) 2007-07-06 2012-02-28 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus and method for dry forming a uniform non-woven fibrous web
US20090241831A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-10-01 Jezzi Arrigo D Apparatus for the uniform distribution of fibers in an air stream
CN102599633A (zh) * 2011-12-15 2012-07-25 广东省金叶烟草薄片技术开发有限公司 一种干法再造烟叶的原料添加方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5542174B1 (fr) 1980-10-29
DK149927B (da) 1986-10-27
DE2004176A1 (de) 1970-08-06
NL7001350A (fr) 1970-08-06
GB1276002A (en) 1972-06-01
FR2032695A5 (fr) 1970-11-27
DK149927C (da) 1987-06-29
NO139729C (no) 1979-05-02
FI56414C (fi) 1980-01-10
BE745419A (fr) 1970-07-16
FI56414B (fi) 1979-09-28
AT309377B (de) 1973-08-10
SE364746B (fr) 1974-03-04
NO139729B (no) 1979-01-22

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