US3669360A - Fuel injection nozzles - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3669360A
US3669360A US52908A US3669360DA US3669360A US 3669360 A US3669360 A US 3669360A US 52908 A US52908 A US 52908A US 3669360D A US3669360D A US 3669360DA US 3669360 A US3669360 A US 3669360A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
chamber
valve member
orifice
inlet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US52908A
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English (en)
Inventor
Basil Edward Knight
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CAV Ltd
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CAV Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3669360A publication Critical patent/US3669360A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure

Definitions

  • a fuel injection nozzle comprising a supply orifice through which fuel flows to a combustion space of an associated engine a resiliently loaded valve member which co-operates with a seating to prevent the flow of fuel through the supply orifice until the pressure of fuel applied to the valve member from an inlet attains a sufficiently high value.
  • the mechanical connection between the valve member and the resilient means which loads the valve member being divided to define a variable volume chamber.
  • Fuel is supplied to the chamber from the inlet and means is provided to limit the maximum volume of the chamber the arrangement being that fuel flowing through the inlet initially flows at a restricted rate through the supply orifice and when said chamber has attained its maximum volume the valve member is lifted to allow substantially unrestricted fiow through the supply orifice.
  • This invention relates to fuel injection nozzles of the kind comprising a supply orifice through which fuel flows to a combustion space of an associated engine and a resiliently loaded valve member which co-operates with a seating to prevent the flow of fuel through the supply orifice until the pressure of fuel applied to the valve member from an inlet attains a sufiiciently high value to lift the valve member off the seating.
  • the object of the invention is to provide such a nozzle in a form in which the initial flow of fuel through the orifice is at a restricted rate.
  • the mechanical connection between the valve member and the resilient means load'mg the valve member is divided to define a variable volume chamber to which fuel is supplied from the inlet, means being provided to limit the maximum volume of the chamber and the arrangement being such that fuel flowing through the inlet initially flows at a restricted rate through the supply orifice and when said chamber has attained its maximum volume the valve member is lifted to allow substantially unrestricted flow through the supply orifice.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side elevation of one example of a fuel injection nozzle unit in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing a first modification
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing a second modification.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is provided a nozzle head which is mounted at the end of a nozzle body 9.
  • the free end of the nozzle head projects into or forms part of the wall of a combustion space of an associated engine and formed in the free end of the nozzle head is a pair of orifices ll through which in use, liquid fuel under pressure flows into the combustion space of the engine.
  • a bore 12 Formed within the nozzle head is a bore 12 the blind end of which communicates with a fuel gallery 13 and from which extends-a narrow passage communicating with the orifices 11. About this narrow passage is formed a seating 14 with which co-operates a valve member 15 slidable in the bore 12. It will be noted that the portion of the valve member which cooperates with the seating is of reduced diameter, as compared with the diameter of the bore 12.
  • piston member 16 Slidable within the bore 12 is piston member 16 which projects out of the bore 12 and carries at its free end, an abutment 17 for a coiled compression spring 18.
  • the piston member 16 has a truncated conical projection 19 which can partly enter a recess 20 formed in the valve member 15 but which in the absence of fuel under pressure maintains a space between the piston member and the valve member.
  • This space defines a chamber to which liquid fuel under pressure can be supplied by way of a groove 21 formed in the piston member 16 and which communicates with a circumferential groove 22 also formed in the piston member.
  • the groove 22 communicates with a port 23 formed in the nozzle head and this port communicates by way of a restrictor 24, with a fuel inletin the form of an annular groove 25.
  • the fuel gallery 13 is also in communication with the groove 25 which in use, communicates with the outlet of a fuel pump 8.
  • the restrictor 24 can be made variable in accordance with speed the degree of restriction reducing with increasing speed.
  • the bore 120 is of stepped form, the narrower portion of the bore accommodating the valve member 15 and the wider portion of the bore accommodating acylindrical distance member 28 as well as the piston member 16.
  • the piston member 16 is provided with a projection 30 for abutment with the distance member 28 to define the aforesaid chamber and the space at the stepped end of the wider portion of the bore 12a communicates with a drain passage 29.
  • the drain passage 29 communicates with a shut-off valve 32 which includes a spring loaded piston 33 which is exposed to the pressure existing in the drain passage 29 and which is movable by an increase in this pressure against the action of a spring 34, to a position in which it substantially prevents flow through the passage'25.
  • a shut-off valve 32 which includes a spring loaded piston 33 which is exposed to the pressure existing in the drain passage 29 and which is movable by an increase in this pressure against the action of a spring 34, to a position in which it substantially prevents flow through the passage'25.
  • valve member 50 is of stepped form and its outer and larger end is exposed to a low drain pressure.
  • the gallery 13 is connected to the inlet 25 by way of a restriction 51 and the mechanical connection between the valve member 50 and the spring 18 comprises a pair of cylindrical members 52, 53 of identical diameters slidable within a cylinder 54.
  • the cylinder is provided with an enlargement 56 which communicates directly with the inlet 25 and the enlargement corresponds with the division between the members 52, 53.
  • the members 52, 53 are spaced by means of a projection on the member 52 and this member is also provided with a circumferential groove 55 intermediate its ends. The groove 55 at a predetermined position of the member 52, places the chamber 13 in direct communication with the inlet 25.
  • valve member 50 In use, when fuel under pressure is supplied to the inlet 25 the valve member 50 initially lifts to permit flow of fuel at a restricted rate through the orifice 11. This flow of fuel however produces a pressure drop across the restrictor 51 so that the valve member does not lift fully.
  • the fuel pressure within the enlargement 56 however moves the cylindrical member 52 against the action of the spring 18 and at a predetermined position the groove 55 places the gallery 13 in direct communication with the inlet 25.
  • the valve member 50 is lifted fully by the fuel pressure in the gallery 13 to allow fuel to flow to the engine at a substantially unrestricted rate.
  • the extent of movement of the member 52 can be limited by a stop 57.
  • a non-return valve 58 incorporating a restricted passage in its valve member.
  • the provision of this valve has substantially no effect during the supply of fuel through the passage 25.
  • the valve 58 closes and the stored fuel in the chamber can only escape at a restricted rate. In this manner the closure of the valve member 50 onto the seating 14 is assured and the risk of the stored fuel being injected into the engine is minimized.
  • a first modification the restriction imposed by the restrictor 51 can be made to vary in accordance with the fuel stored in the enlargement 56 and in a second modification it can be made to vary in accordance with the pressure drop developed across it.
  • the restriction imposed by the restrictor 51 variable as a function of the amount of fuel stored under the spring, i.e. in the enlargement 56 the groove 55 can be profiled to constitute a variable throttle and in a fourth modification which is a variant of the third modification a further restrictor may be placed between the enlargement 56 and the inlet 25. This restrictor may be fixed or variable in accordance with the pressure ,drop developed across it.
  • a fuel injection nozzle of the kind comprising a nozzle head, a supply orifice formed in the nozzle head and through which fuel flows to a combustion space of an internal combustion engine, a bore formed in the head, said bore at one end thereof communicating with said orifice, a seating defined at said end of the bore, a valve member slidable within said bore and shaped for co-operation with said seating to prevent fuel flow through said orifice, resilient means for urging the valve member into contact with the seating, a a fuel inlet, passage means through which fuel under pressure from the inlet can be applied to said valve member to lift the valve member from the seating against the action of the resilient means to permit fuel flow through the orifice, means disposed intermediate the valve member and the resilient means, said means defining a variable volume chamber to which fuel is supplied from said inlet, means for limiting the maximum volume of the chamber, a restricted orifice through which fuel flows to said chamber from the inlet, the arrangement being such that fuel flowing through the inlet into the chamber flows at a restricted rate through the
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for limiting the maximum volume of the chamber comprises a valve operable to cut off the supply of fuel to the chamber.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 2 including a groove formed on the means disposed between the valve member and resilient means, said groove communicating with said chamber, and a port formed in the wall of the cylinder in which the piston member is located, said port communicating with said inlet by way of the restricted orifice. the arrangement being that when the piston member has moved a predetermined distance the groove will move out of register with the port and the volume of the chamber will be limited.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 3 including a non return valve through which said groove communicates with the inlet, said non return valve opening when the supply of fuel through the inlet ceases, to permit fuel to escape from said chamber.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 2 in which said means disposed between the valve member and resilient means comprises a piston member and a distance piece disposed between the piston member and valve member, the chamber being defined between the piston member and distance piece and a port formed in the wall of the bore in which the piston member is located, said port being opened to the chamber when the piston member has moved a predetermined amount, and the port communicating with one end of a cylinder containing a spring loaded valve element, the port when opened allowing fuel under pressure to be applied to said valve element to move it againstthe action of its spring, the valve element when so moved, cutting off the supply of fuel from the inlet to the chamber.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 6 in which the valve element is provided with a restricted opening and through which fuel can flow to a drain from said chamber when the supply of fuel under pressure ceases.
  • a fuel injection nozzle of the kind comprising a nozzle head, a supply orifice formed in the nozzle head and through which fuel flows to a combustion space of an internal combustion engine, a bore formed in the head, said bore at one end thereof communicating with said orifice, a seating defined at said end of the bore, a valve member slidable within said bore and shaped for co-operation with said seating to prevent fuel flow through said orifice, resilient means for urging the valve member into contact with the seating, a fuel inlet, passage means through which fuel under pressure from the inlet can be applied to said valve member to lift the valve member from the seating against the action of the resilient means to permit fuel flow through the orifice, a pair of cylindrical members, disposed intermediate the valve member and the resilient means, a chamber being defined between the cylindrical members, and the chamber being in constant communication with the inlet, a restricted orifice through which fuel flows to said supply orifice at a restricted rate, and a bypass passage through which fuel can flow to said supply orifice at a substantially unre
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 8 including a stop to limit the extent of movement of the one cylindrical member adjacent the resilient means against the action of the resilient means.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 9 in which said by-pass passage is controlled by said one cylindrical member, said member having a groove formed thereon and which registers with a pair of ports to complete said by-pass passage.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 10 including a non return valve disposed intermediate the chamber and the inlet, saidnon return valve being disposed to close to prevent fuel flowing from the chamber when the supply of fuel ceases, a restricted passage being provided to by-pass the non return valve to allow fuel to flow from the chamber at a restricted rate.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 11 in which the degree of restriction offered by the restricted orifice is variable in accordance with the volume of fuel stored in the chamber.
  • the groove on said one cylindrical member is profiled to constitute a variable throttle.
  • a fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 14 including a restrictor disposed between the chamber and the inlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US52908A 1969-07-07 1970-07-07 Fuel injection nozzles Expired - Lifetime US3669360A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3413269 1969-07-07

Publications (1)

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US3669360A true US3669360A (en) 1972-06-13

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ID=10361781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US52908A Expired - Lifetime US3669360A (en) 1969-07-07 1970-07-07 Fuel injection nozzles

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3669360A (de)
CA (1) CA926240A (de)
DE (1) DE2032484A1 (de)
ES (1) ES382122A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2054289A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1314017A (de)
ZA (1) ZA704459B (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976249A (en) * 1973-05-12 1976-08-24 C.A.V. Limited Fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines
US4096999A (en) * 1975-12-06 1978-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for preliminary and principal injection
US4134549A (en) * 1974-05-30 1979-01-16 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injectors of a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine
US4306681A (en) * 1980-02-21 1981-12-22 Laitio Peter A J Barrel and fuel injector utilizing the same
US4375274A (en) * 1979-07-28 1983-03-01 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Choke pin nozzle
US5619969A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-04-15 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Fuel injection rate shaping control system
US5647536A (en) * 1995-01-23 1997-07-15 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector
US5765755A (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-06-16 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector
US6053425A (en) * 1996-11-12 2000-04-25 Lucas Industries Injector
US6360727B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2002-03-26 Alfred J. Buescher Reduce initial feed rate injector with fuel storage chamber
US6749130B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2004-06-15 Caterpillar Inc Check line valve faster venting method
EP1686257A2 (de) 2005-01-28 2006-08-02 Cummins Inc. Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit Steuerung der Einspritzmenge
US20070199544A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having recessed check top

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1420931A (en) * 1972-01-15 1976-01-14 Cav Ltd Fuel injection nozzles
IT1151370B (it) * 1981-04-11 1986-12-17 Lucas Industries Ltd Ugelli di iniezione di combustibile
US4566635A (en) * 1983-08-10 1986-01-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
GB2255589A (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-11 Lucas Ind Plc I.c engine fuel injector.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409226A (en) * 1965-06-11 1968-11-05 Sulzer Ag Fuel injection apparatus for piston-type internal combustion engines
US3464627A (en) * 1966-06-21 1969-09-02 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electromagnetic fuel-injection valve

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409226A (en) * 1965-06-11 1968-11-05 Sulzer Ag Fuel injection apparatus for piston-type internal combustion engines
US3464627A (en) * 1966-06-21 1969-09-02 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electromagnetic fuel-injection valve

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976249A (en) * 1973-05-12 1976-08-24 C.A.V. Limited Fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines
US4134549A (en) * 1974-05-30 1979-01-16 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injectors of a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine
US4096999A (en) * 1975-12-06 1978-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for preliminary and principal injection
US4375274A (en) * 1979-07-28 1983-03-01 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Choke pin nozzle
US4306681A (en) * 1980-02-21 1981-12-22 Laitio Peter A J Barrel and fuel injector utilizing the same
US5769319A (en) * 1995-01-23 1998-06-23 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector
US5647536A (en) * 1995-01-23 1997-07-15 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector
US5619969A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-04-15 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Fuel injection rate shaping control system
US6053425A (en) * 1996-11-12 2000-04-25 Lucas Industries Injector
US5765755A (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-06-16 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector
US6360727B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2002-03-26 Alfred J. Buescher Reduce initial feed rate injector with fuel storage chamber
US6749130B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2004-06-15 Caterpillar Inc Check line valve faster venting method
EP1686257A2 (de) 2005-01-28 2006-08-02 Cummins Inc. Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit Steuerung der Einspritzmenge
US20080006712A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2008-01-10 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector with injection rate control
US7334741B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2008-02-26 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector with injection rate control
US20070199544A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having recessed check top
US7415969B2 (en) * 2006-02-28 2008-08-26 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having recessed check top

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA704459B (en) 1971-03-31
ES382122A1 (es) 1972-10-16
FR2054289A5 (de) 1971-04-16
CA926240A (en) 1973-05-15
DE2032484A1 (de) 1971-01-14
GB1314017A (en) 1973-04-18

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