US3666984A - Wide-band high-power delay line - Google Patents

Wide-band high-power delay line Download PDF

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Publication number
US3666984A
US3666984A US98615A US3666984DA US3666984A US 3666984 A US3666984 A US 3666984A US 98615 A US98615 A US 98615A US 3666984D A US3666984D A US 3666984DA US 3666984 A US3666984 A US 3666984A
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United States
Prior art keywords
helix
single main
main helix
pitch
helices
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Expired - Lifetime
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US98615A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerard Kantorowicz
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a delay line of an electron tube for amplifying or generatingmicrowaves, externally of and parallel to a main conductor helix within which an electron beam travels axially, there extends a secondary helix which has a pitch and a diameter half the size of those of the main helix and which is so arranged that its turns electrically contact those of the main helix at several locations along a generatrix common to both helices.
  • the field effect generated by the secondary helix substantially diminishes parasitic phenomena that appear in a delay line having a main helix of large diameter.
  • This invention relates to electron tubes for generating or amplifying microwaves. Frequently, for this purpose, electrical conductors are used which are helically and cylindrically wound and which have equidistant turns.
  • the power of such electron tubes may be increased, since the input electron beam may be more powerful.
  • the diameter of the helix exceeds the wavelength in the order of 1/10, higher modes or space haromonics appear in the wave propagation. These constitute a significant, nonutilizable portion of the output power.
  • the electron beam should have a small diameter compared with that of the helix. This requirement thus places a limitation on the diameter of the electron beam.
  • a delay line for a microwave electron tube which has a main helix formed of a cylindrically wound electric conductor and a secondary helix, also formed of an electric conductor and wound in the same direction as the main helix;
  • the secondary helix is dimensioned in such a manner that the ratio of the main helix diameter to the secondary helix diameter and the ratio of the main helix pitch to the secondary helix pitch are identical integers greater than 1.
  • the secondary helix is disposed externally of and parallel with the main helix in such a manner that those of their turns which are located opposite one another are in electrical contact along a generatrix common to both helices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side elevational view of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of a microwave electronic tube comprising a helix assembly as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3a is a sectional view along line Illa-Illa of FIG. 3, and
  • FIGS. 3b, 3c, 3d are cross-sectional views similar to FIG. 3a and showing an arrangement of secondary helices when the number of the latter is two, three, or four, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a main helix 1 having a pitch p and diameter D, and an associated secondary helix 2 which is wound in the same direction as helix 1 and which has a pitch p/2 and a diameter D/2.
  • An electron beam 11 passes axially inside the main helix 1.
  • Helix 2 extends externally of and parallel with helix 1 and is in contact therewith at locations 3, 4 and 5.
  • the electric current induced by the microwave in the main helix 1 also flows in the secondary helix 2 by virtue of said points of contact.
  • the axial electric fields as sociated with the two helices travel at the same speed since the delay factors of the two helices are identical. This is so because the ratios between the diameter and the pitch in each helix are the same, and, as set forth before, the delay factor is a function of said ratio.
  • the magnetic fields associated with these electric fields have a general distribution such that their lines of force surround the wire conductor in which the currents flow.
  • the lines 7 and 8 are associated with the main helix 1 and the lines 9 and 10 pertain to the secondary helix 2.
  • the respective directions of the magnetic field lines are indicated by the arrow heads.
  • the magnetic field prevailing in the main helix 1 adjacent the wire conductor results from the addition of the internal field of main helix 1 and the external field of the secondary helix 2.
  • These magnetic fields are of opposite direction; they thus oppose one another inside and in the vicinity of the conductor forming the main helix. Consequently, the corresponding magnetic energy will be less than in the case where the main helix is considered alone.
  • the electromagnetic field existing inside a helix may be resolved into a part known as the transverse electric field, whose magnitude is associated with the longitudinal magnetic component, and into a part known as the transverse magnetic field whose magnitude is associated with the effective longitudinal electric component.
  • the function of the secondary helix may be interpreted as follows: The presence of the secondary helix reduces the portion of magnetic energy in the fundamental component and consequently increases the magnetic energy in the other space harmonics; the electric energy associated with these harmonics is essentially of the transverse electric type which does not interact with the electron beam.
  • the result is a reduction in the longitudinal electric field of the harmonies and therefore, in particular, of the inverted space harmonic which generates parasitic oscillations.
  • the diameter of helix 1 may be increased without any risk of decrease in output, and further, the diameter of the injected electron beam 11 may be of similar magnitude without any risk of introducing self-oscillation. In this manner high-power wide-band tubes may be obtained.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention where two secondary helices 2 and 12 both dimensioned as described in connection with the secondary helix 2 of FIG. 1, are disposed parallel to the main helix 1 contacting the latter at two generatrices located along diametrically opposed sides of helix 1.
  • the plane containing the axes of the three helices constitutes the plane of symmetry of the electric fields.
  • FIG. 3 shows a microwave electron tube wherein an electronic gun 21, which produces an electron beam (not shown), and a collector of electrons 22 are disposed in the axis of a main helix 1.
  • the electron beam travels along the axis of the main helix which further bears at least one secondary helix 2, as shown in FIG. 1, the main helix being conventionally connected with an input terminal 23 and an output terminal 24.
  • the respective disposition of main helix 1 and auxiliary helix 2 is further illustrated in cross-seetional FIG. 3a.
  • FIGS. 3b, 3c, 3d are transverse sectional views of a microwave electron tube in which there are provided two or more secondary helices 2, which are evenly distributed about the periphery of the main helix 1. Such a disposition enables a reduction of the resistance coupling on the undesirable propagation mode, whereby more output power can be obtained.
  • an electron tube delay line for a microwave electronic tube comprising A. a single main helix wound cylindrically with an even pitch and adapted to be traversed internally and axially by an electron beam and B. at least one secondary conductor helix wound cylindrically with an even pitch in the same direction as said single main helix and extending externally thereof and parallel thereto; said single main helix and said secondary helix being in electric contact with one another at several locations along a common generatrix; the ratio of the diameter of the single main helix to the diameter of the secondary helix and the ratio of the pitch of the single main helix to the pitch of the secondary helix being identical integers greater than 1.
  • a microwave electron tube comprising A. a single main helix,

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US98615A 1969-12-16 1970-12-16 Wide-band high-power delay line Expired - Lifetime US3666984A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6943510A FR2075837A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-16 1969-12-16

Publications (1)

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US3666984A true US3666984A (en) 1972-05-30

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US98615A Expired - Lifetime US3666984A (en) 1969-12-16 1970-12-16 Wide-band high-power delay line

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US (1) US3666984A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2062013A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2075837A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1297549A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158791A (en) * 1977-02-10 1979-06-19 Varian Associates, Inc. Helix traveling wave tubes with resonant loss
US4559474A (en) * 1982-08-20 1985-12-17 Thomson-Csf Travelling wave tube comprising means for suppressing parasite oscillations
CN115472478A (zh) * 2022-10-13 2022-12-13 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种双路螺旋线慢波互作用结构及行波管

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2707759A (en) * 1948-12-10 1955-05-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic amplifier
US2823333A (en) * 1954-10-29 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2824257A (en) * 1953-03-03 1958-02-18 Gen Electric Traveling wave tube
US2834908A (en) * 1953-06-09 1958-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2887609A (en) * 1954-10-08 1959-05-19 Rca Corp Traveling wave tube
US2971114A (en) * 1959-07-23 1961-02-07 Daniel G Dow Helically-strapped multifilar helices
US3054017A (en) * 1957-05-06 1962-09-11 Gen Electric Electron discharge devices
US3427495A (en) * 1965-12-15 1969-02-11 Sfd Lab Inc Dual helix coupled periodic circuits and tubes using same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2707759A (en) * 1948-12-10 1955-05-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic amplifier
US2824257A (en) * 1953-03-03 1958-02-18 Gen Electric Traveling wave tube
US2834908A (en) * 1953-06-09 1958-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2887609A (en) * 1954-10-08 1959-05-19 Rca Corp Traveling wave tube
US2823333A (en) * 1954-10-29 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US3054017A (en) * 1957-05-06 1962-09-11 Gen Electric Electron discharge devices
US2971114A (en) * 1959-07-23 1961-02-07 Daniel G Dow Helically-strapped multifilar helices
US3427495A (en) * 1965-12-15 1969-02-11 Sfd Lab Inc Dual helix coupled periodic circuits and tubes using same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158791A (en) * 1977-02-10 1979-06-19 Varian Associates, Inc. Helix traveling wave tubes with resonant loss
US4559474A (en) * 1982-08-20 1985-12-17 Thomson-Csf Travelling wave tube comprising means for suppressing parasite oscillations
CN115472478A (zh) * 2022-10-13 2022-12-13 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种双路螺旋线慢波互作用结构及行波管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2075837A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-15
DE2062013A1 (de) 1971-06-24
GB1297549A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-22

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